Muzaffarpur district The Land ofLychee | |
|---|---|
 Muzaffarpur City Aerial View  Bio Fuel Unit  Sahu Pokhar  P&M Mall  Cancer Hospital  RamaKrishna Mission Seva Sharam  Garibnath Temple  Map oF Muzaffarpur District | |
 Interactive map of Muzaffarpur district | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Bihar |
| Division | Tirhut |
| Headquarters | Muzaffarpur |
| Government | |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Muzaffarpur,Vaishali |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | Gaighat,Aurai,Minapur,Bochahan,Sakra,Kurhani,Muzaffarpur,Kanti,Baruraj,Paroo,Sahebganj |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,173 km2 (1,225 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 4,801,062 |
| • Density | 1,513/km2 (3,919/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy |  85% |
| • Sex ratio | 999 |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Major highways | NH 57,NH 28,NH 22,NH 102, NH 527C |
| Website | muzaffarpur |
Muzaffarpur district is one of the thirty-eightdistricts in theIndian state ofBihar. Muzaffarpur district is part of and also the headquarters ofTirhut division. Muzaffarpur district is the financial and un-official capital ofNorth Bihar, whose ancient name[1] is Tirhut.[2]
Muzaffarpur District, popularly known as the “Land of Litchi,” was created in 1875 for administrative convenience by splitting the earlier district of Tirhut District. The district is named afterMuzaffar Khan, anAmil (Revenue Officer) under theBritish administration.
Muzaffarpur has gained international recognition for its deliciouslitchis, includingShahi litchi and China litchi[3]
The history of Muzaffarpur can be traced back to the ancient Indian epicRamayana. According to legend, Rajarshi Janak ruledVideha, a region that included present-dayNepal and northernBihar.Sitamarhi, a town in the district, is sacred toHindus as the birthplace ofSita, also known as Vaidehi, who is said to have emerged from an earthen pot while Janak was tilling the land.[4]
The recorded history of the district begins with the rise of theVrijjan Republic. This confederation consisted of eight clans, with theLicchavis being the most powerful. Even the powerful kingdom ofMagadh entered into matrimonial alliances with the Licchavis in 519 B.C.Ajatshatru invadedVaishali and extended his rule overTirhut.Patliputra (modern-dayPatna) was established on the banks of theGanges during this period, along with a fortress to monitor the Licchavis.
Ambarati], 40 km from Muzaffarpur, is believed to be the village home ofAmrapali, the famous royal court dancer ofVaishali.
Muzaffarpur was also influenced byBuddhism andJainism.Vaishali, a center of religious renaissance, is the birthplace ofMahavir, the 24th Jain Tirthankara and a contemporary ofBuddha. The region attracted pilgrims and scholars from across the subcontinent and beyond.
From the 7th century A.D., Muzaffarpur came under the rule ofMaharaja Harsha Vardhan. After his reign, local chiefs governed the area, and in the 8th century, thePala dynasty established control overTirhut until 1019 A.D. Later, theChedi kings ofCentral India and theSena dynasty also influenced the region.
Between 1211 and 1226, Ghais-u-ddin Iwaz, the ruler ofBengal, was the first Muslim invader ofTirhut, although he only succeeded in extorting tributes. In 1323,Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq established his control over the district. The Simraon dynasty, founded by Nanyupa Deva, ruled the northeastern part ofChamparan, including parts ofMithila andNepal, untilTughlaq Shah’s invasion.
By the late 14th century, theJaunpur kings controlledNorth Bihar, includingTirhut, untilSikandar Lodi defeated them. Later, theNawabs of Bengal, particularlyHussain Shah, exerted influence over the region before it became part of theMughal Empire. Despite Mughal annexation, localHindu chiefs continued to exercise significant autonomy.[5]
After theBattle of Buxar in 1764, Muzaffarpur came under the control of theEast India Company. During the1857 revolt, the district witnessed revolutionary activities. Muzaffarpur was also the site of the famous Muzaffarpur bomb case of 1908, where 18-year-oldKhudi Ram Bose was hanged for throwing a bomb at the carriage ofPringle Kennedy, mistakenly believed to be carrying Douglas Kingsford, theDistrict Judge of Muzaffarpur. A memorial for Bose stands in the district to this day.
The nationalist movement in Muzaffarpur gained momentum afterWorld War I. Visits byMahatma Gandhi in December 1920 and January 1927 had a significant impact on the political consciousness of the people. The district played an important role inIndia’s struggle for freedom.
Muzaffarpur is known for its rich cultural heritage and the unique blending ofHindu andIslamic traditions. The district has historically been a meeting point for diverse spiritual and cultural influences, making it a center of learning and the birthplace of several notable personalities.
In 1972, the districts ofSitamarhi andVaishali were separated from Muzaffarpur to form independent administrative units.[6]
Muzaffarpur district is served by the riversGandak,Budhi Gandak,Bagmati, andLakhandei. Numerous streams also pass through the district, which has historically been prone to flooding. The district lies in the fertileGangetic plain.
Muzaffarpur district covers an area of 3,175.9 square kilometres (1,226.2 sq mi). It is bordered byPurbi Champaran andSitamarhi districts to the north,Vaishali andSaran districts to the south,Darbhanga andSamastipur districts to the east, andSaran andGopalganj districts to the west.[7] comparatively equivalent toCanada'sMansel Island.[8]
According to the 2011 Census of India, Muzaffarpur district has a population of 4,801,062, comprising 2,527,497 males and 2,273,565 females, living in 945,703 households. With this population, the district ranks 24th in India (out of 640 districts), and is comparable in population to the nation of Singapore and the U.S. state of Alabama. The district has a population density of 1,514 persons per sq km over a total area of 3,172 sq km. Muzaffarpur experienced a population growth rate of 28.14% between 2001 and 2011.[9][10][11]
Hindus constitute the overwhelming majority of the district’s population, followed by Muslims.[12]
| Religion | Total Population | Male | Female | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindu | 4,032,773 | 2,128,605 | 1,904,168 | 84% |
| Muslim | 745,546 | 387,034 | 358,512 | 15.53% |
| Sikh | 933 | 494 | 439 | 0.02% |
| Christian | 5,149 | 2,655 | 2,494 | 0.11% |
| Buddhist | 288 | 157 | 131 | 0.01% |
| Jain | 382 | 202 | 180 | 0.01% |
| Other religions | 98 | 46 | 52 | 0% |
| Religion not stated | 15,893 | 8,304 | 7,589 | 0.33% |
At the time of the2011 Census of India, the population of Muzaffarpur district spoke several languages. The distribution is shown below:
| Language | Speakers (Number) | Percentage of Population |
|---|---|---|
| Hindi | 2,318,862 | 48.33% |
| Bajjika | 1,872,400 | 39.02% |
| Urdu | 367,680 | 7.65% |
| Bhojpuri | 169,651 | 3.54% |
| Maithili | 64,000 | 1.33% |
| Others | 69,469 | 1.46% |
Bajjika and Hindi are the local languages of Muzaffarpur district.[14]<r
The overall sex ratio in Muzaffarpur district is 900 females for every 1,000 males.The district records a child sex ratio (0–6 years) of 915, which is higher than the overall average.
The district has an overall literacy rate of 63.43%, higher than the Bihar state average of 61.8%.
A total of 2,509,232 individuals are literate: 1,487,117 males and 1,022,115 females. The district has 2,291,830 illiterate persons (1,040,380 males and 1,251,450 females).
Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) together form a significant social component of the population.
| Group | Total | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scheduled Caste | 751,975 | 393,135 | 358,840 |
| Scheduled Tribe | 5,979 | 3,124 | 2,855 |
| Area | Households | Total Population | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muzaffarpur (District) | 945,703 | 4,801,062 | 2,527,497 | 2,273,565 |
| Muzaffarpur (Rural) | 857,133 | 4,327,625 | 2,276,812 | 2,050,813 |
| Muzaffarpur (Urban) | 88,570 | 473,437 | 250,685 | 222,752 |
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1901 | 10,78,094 |
| 1911 | 11,13,058 |
| 1921 | 10,77,631 |
| 1931 | 11,50,419 |
| 1941 | 12,69,186 |
| 1951 | 13,77,181 |
| 1961 | 15,98,346 |
| 1971 | 19,09,059 |
| 1981 | 23,57,388 |
| 1991 | 29,53,903 |
| 2001 | 37,46,714 |
| 2011 | 48,01,062 |
The district of Muzaffarpur is divided into various administrative units to ensure effective governance, including police districts, sub-divisions, blocks, revenue circles, and urban local bodies.[17]
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Police District | 1 |
| Sub-Division | 2 |
| Administrative Block | 16 |
| Revenue Circle | 16 |
| Police Station | 42 |
| Municipal Corporation | 1 |
| Nagar Parishad | 3 |
| Nagar Panchayat | 7 |
| Total Halka | 141 |
| Total Panchayat | 373 |
Muzaffarpur district is represented in both the Parliament and the Bihar Legislative Council by elected Members of Parliament (MPs) and Members of Legislative Council (MLCs).
| Name | Designation | Phone |
|---|---|---|
| Raj Bhushan Choudhary | MP (15-Muzaffarpur) | 8686585555 |
| Veena Devi | MP (16-Vaishali) | 9013869974 |
| Dinesh Prasad Singh | MLC (Local Body) | 9431239800 |
| Banshidhar Brajwasi | MLC (Graduate Constituency) | 8340508321 |
| Sanjay Kumar Singh | MLC (Teacher Constituency) | 9431474791 |
The rural areas of Muzaffarpur district are organized into Panchayats and villages, which serve as the primary units of local self-governance and community administration.[18]
| Sl.No. | Block Name | Population (Approx.) | No. of Panchayats | No. of Villages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MUSAHARI | 683,073 | 26 | 117 |
| 2 | KURHANI | 435,676 | 39 | 166 |
| 3 | MOTIPUR (Baruraj) | 406,795 | 32 | 137 |
| 4 | PAROO | 361,662 | 34 | 158 |
| 5 | MINAPUR | 340,925 | 28 | 154 |
| 6 | SARAIYA | 331,651 | 30 | 124 |
| 7 | SAKRA | 306,833 | 28 | 121 |
| 8 | AURAI | 290,545 | 26 | 116 |
| 9 | KANTI | 272,858 | 21 | 116 |
| 10 | GAIGHAT | 259,719 | 23 | 114 |
| 11 | BOCHAHAN | 245,659 | 20 | 134 |
| 12 | KATRA | 244,823 | 22 | 80 |
| 13 | SAHEBGANJ | 241,438 | 21 | 131 |
| 14 | MARWAN | 164,858 | 14 | 60 |
| 15 | BANDRA | 124,057 | 12 | 32 |
| 16 | DHOLI (MURAUL) | 90,490 | 9 | 37 |
Muzaffarpur is one of the most economically important districts of Bihar. According to the Bihar Economic Survey 2025–26, it ranks among the top three districts in terms of Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) and per-capita income, and also records one of the highest Net District Domestic Product (NDDP) figures in the state. This highlights the district's strong and diverse economy and its role as a key contributor to Bihar’s overall growth.
The district is a major industrial and commercial hub in North Bihar. It is known for textiles, bag manufacturing, agro-based industries, dairy, and lychee cultivation. Important industrial areas like Bela and Bariyarpur host companies such as Bihar Drugs & Organic Chemicals Ltd and Muzaffarpur Dairy. The Sutapatti clothing bazar is a popular retail and wholesale market, attracting shoppers from nearby districts.[19][20]
Muzaffarpur’s per capita GDP in 2024 was around US$402.22 (approximately ₹33,600), contributing nearly 5% to Bihar’s overall GDP. The district consumed 1,807 million units of energy in 2024–25, had over 97,500 registered vehicles, and generated ₹440 crore in revenue from stamp duty and registration fees. These figures reflect the district’s industrial activity and commercial vibrancy.
The district’s industrial areas and markets form the backbone of its economy. Bela and Bariyarpur host major companies and agro-industries, while Motijheel Market and Sutapatti Bazar support wholesale and retail trade. The city also has more than six malls, the highest number in Bihar with multiplexes, reflecting a growing commercial and consumer sector.
Muzaffarpur is among the top cities in Bihar for real estate investment, with 102 ongoing projects, ranking third in the state after Patna and Gaya.
Muzaffarpur has 8,584 POS machines, showing a thriving retail ecosystem and increasing purchasing power among residents.[21]
Industrial development is managed by theBihar Industrial Area Development Authority (BIADA). Major industrial projects include:
| Name | Location | Type/Industry | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Suresh Chips and Semiconductor | Sherpur | Semiconductor | Bihar’s first semiconductor company, established in 2020 |
| Bela Industrial Area | Bela | Textile/Bag manufacturing | India’s largest bag-manufacturing cluster with over 50 textile units |
| Bariyarpur Industrial Area | Motipur | General Industry | Located near the East–West Corridor and the Motihari–Muzaffarpur highway |
| Paroo Industrial Area | Paroo | General Industry | Approved in 2025, covering 700 acres |
| Mega Food Park | Not specified | Food processing | 78-acre facility supporting food processing and entrepreneurship |
| Biofuel Plants | Various | Renewable Energy | Six plants contributing to sustainable energy |
| Leather Product Park | Bela | Leather manufacturing | 10-acre park hosting 95 leather manufacturing companies |
| Dairy Plants | Various | Dairy/Food | Includes Parle Products, Sudha Dairy Kanti, and ITC (dairy) |
| Kanti Thermal Power Station | Kanti | Power Generation | Major regional power-generating facility |
| Sr. No. | Company Name | Industry / Business Activity |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | High Spirit Commercial Ventures Pvt. Ltd. | Bag Manufacturing / Textile |
| 2 | Rakesh Masala | Food and Beverage Manufacturing |
| 3 | BHIMSERIA AGRO Pvt. Ltd. | Rice Mill |
| 4 | Cosmus Lifestyle Pvt. Ltd. | Bag Manufacturing |
| 5 | Shree Shyam Industries | Eco-friendly Plastic Products |
| 6 | Ornate Labs Pvt. Ltd. | Pharmaceutical |
| 7 | Pearl Global (GoGreen Apparel) Ltd. | Cloth Manufacturing |
| 8 | V2 Smart Manufacturing Pvt. Ltd. | Garment Manufacturing |
| 9 | RSCS International | Textile and Apparel |
| 10 | Adani Cement (Proposed) | Cement Grinding Unit |
| 11 | Shahi Exports | Training Centres |
| 12 | High Spirit | Textile |
| 13 | Auerelia | Textile |
| 14 | W for Woman | Textile |
| 15 | Neeramay Foods & Beverages Pvt. Ltd. (Patanjali) | Biscuit |
| 16 | Sapl Industry - Sonal Textile | Textile |
Muzaffarpur district is a key agricultural hub in Bihar, producing fruits, vegetables, fish, and supporting livestock. The district also has extensive irrigation and modern farm implements.
| Crop | Area ('000 ha) | Production ('000 t) |
|---|---|---|
| Banana | 2.10 | 94.86 |
| Litchi | 11.82 | 103.08 |
| Mango | 11.06 | 108.31 |
| Guava | 0.93 | 14.95 |
| Brinjal | 0.11 | 1.87 |
| Cauliflower | 0.14 | 2.82 |
| Onion | 3.07 | 61.63 |
| Potato | 15.37 | 414.87 |
| Source | Gross | Net |
|---|---|---|
| Canals | 70.68 | 34.46 |
| Tubewells | 203.98 | 99.40 |
| Other Wells | 11.49 | 5.62 |
| Tanks/Other | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 286.16 | 139.47 |
Muzaffarpur Military Station, also known as the Muzaffarpur Cantonment, Muzaffarpur Army Area or Station Headquarter Muzaffarpur, is a defence establishment of theIndian Army located in Shrirampuri, near Circuit House Road, in the Muzaffarpur district.
The station provides administrative, logistic, and welfare facilities for serving and retired defence personnel in North Bihar. It is associated with the151 Infantry Battalion (Territorial Army) – Jat Regiment, which operates under the Territorial Army framework of the Indian Army.[25]
The military station includes an Army Canteen that has served defence personnel and ex-servicemen of theIndian Army,Indian Air Force, andIndian Navy in the region for over a century. It is among the oldest canteens in eastern India, established around 1859–1860, providing subsidized goods and amenities to military personnel. The station also houses an Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme (ECHS) Polyclinic, which provides medical care and health services to retired defence personnel and their dependents.[26]
Address: Circuit House Road, Shrirampuri, Muzaffarpur, Bihar – 842001
CRPF Group Centre, Muzaffarpur is a major administrative and logistical hub of the Central Reserve Police Force inNorth Bihar, located at Jhapahan/Umanagar, Muzaffarpur district, Bihar (PIN 842004). It falls under the CRPF Bihar Sector and coordinates deployments, logistics, accommodation, and welfare for CRPF personnel. The centre also serves as a base for Rapid Action Force units and hosts Kendriya Vidyalaya CRPF Jhapahan for children of CRPF personnel. It is one of the main paramilitary installations inNorth Bihar, supporting internal security and rapid deployments.[27]
Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), Muzaffarpur is a regional headquarters of theCentral Armed Police Force located at Umanagar, Muzaffarpur district, Bihar (PIN 842004). It serves as an administrative and operational hub for SSB units in the region, coordinating deployments, training, logistics, and welfare of personnel. The centre also supports local internal security operations and engages in community development activities such as school tree plantations. Equipped with offices, barracks, training facilities, and other infrastructure, SSB Muzaffarpur is a key facility for border security, internal security, and civic engagement in North Bihar.[28]
Muzaffarpur is home to several major medical institutions and hospitals, both government-run and private. These institutions cater to the medical needs of the local population and surrounding regions. Muzffarpur is also Considered asMedical Hub of North Bihar
Some Notabale healthcare facilities in the city include:
Muzaffarpur is also known as the educational hub ofNorth Bihar. According to the Bihar Economic Survey 2024–25, Muzaffarpur is home to a total of 60 Government colleges. It is also the headquarters ofBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University. Additionally, Muzaffarpur houses the first government engineering college of Bihar Government,Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, which was established in 1954. The city also has a government medical collegeShri Krsihna Medical College[31]
| Name | Type | Website |
|---|---|---|
| Langat Singh College | General Degree College | www |
| S.K.J. Law College | Law College | www |
| RDJM Medical College & Hospital | Private Medical College | rdjmmch |
| L.N. Mishra College of Business Management | Business Management College | lnmcbm |
| Name | Affiliation/Type | Website |
|---|---|---|
| Sunshine Prep/High School Muzaffarpur | Private School | www |
| D.A.V. Public School, Bakhri | CBSE - Private School | davpsbakhri |
| D.A.V. Public School, Khabra | CBSE - Private School | davpskhabra |
| G.D. Mother International School | CBSE - Private School | gdmis |
| Kendriya Vidyalaya Muzaffarpur | Central Government School | muzzaffarpur |
| Kendriya Vidyalaya, CRPF Camp Jhaphan | Central Government School | crpfjhaphan |
| Prabhat Tara School | ICSE -Private School | www |
| Delhi Public School, Muzaffarpur | CBSE | www |
| Shemford Futuristic School, Muzaffarpur | Private School |
Muzaffarpur is well-connected by rail and road, with a major railway junction and several national highways, including NH 27. A metro rail project is proposed, and the city's airport is slated for future development.
Muzaffarpur Junction is the major Railway Station of the Muzaffarpur District lies on theEast Central Railway zone. It is connected directly to all the major cities of India.[34]
There are daily and weekly trains available forNew Delhi,Patna,Secunderabad,Kolkata,Varanasi,Ahmedabad,Lokmanya Tilak Terminus,Howrah,Amritsar,Pune and other major cities.[35]
NH 27 which is part of India'sEast–West highway corridor passes through Muzaffarpur. Muzaffarpur is connected to other parts of India byNH 27,
NH 22,
NH 122 andBihar State highways 48 & 4[36]Asian Highway 42 (AH42) passes through Muzaffarpur, India, as part of the National Highway 27 (NH 27) route within the city[37]
Muzaffarpur Metro is a proposed metro railway service in the Muzaffarpur district ofBihar. The proposal was proposed by the department of Urban Development and Housing Development of Bihar Government to provide facility of metro railway services in Muzaffarpur
For this project,RITES has already completed the survey, finalized the station and route for the Muzaffarpur metro, and sent it to the Bihar government for approval.[38][39]
Patahi Airport, located in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, is currently not operational but is slated for development and expansion, with plans for a longer runway and to accommodate 19 Seater aircraft.[40]
| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Alliance | Remarks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muzaffarpur | 88 | Gaighat | Komal Singh | JD(U) | NDA | |||
| 89 | Aurai | Rama Nishad | BJP | Minister | ||||
| 90 | Minapur | Ajay Kushwaha | JD(U) | |||||
| 91 | Bochahan (SC) | Baby Kumari | LJP(RV) | |||||
| 92 | Sakra (SC) | Aditya Kumar | JD(U) | |||||
| 93 | Kurhani | Kedar Prasad Gupta | BJP | |||||
| 94 | Muzaffarpur | Ranjan Kumar | ||||||
| 95 | Kanti | Ajit Singh | JD(U) | |||||
| 96 | Baruraj | Arun Kumar Singh | BJP | |||||
| 97 | Paroo | Shankar Prasad Yadav | RJD | MGB | ||||
| 98 | Sahebganj | Raju Kumar Singh | BJP | NDA | ||||
Mansel Island 3,180km2
Singapore 4,740,737 July 2011 est.
Places adjacent to Muzaffarpur district | |
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