Muzaffarpur मुज़फ्फ़रपुर | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Muzaffarpur City Aerial View  Bio Fuel Unit  Sahu Pokhar  P&M Mall  Cancer Hospital  RamaKrishna Mission Seva Sharam  | |
| Nickname: Capital of North Bihar | |
 Interactive map of Muzaffarpur | |
| Coordinates:26°7′21″N85°23′26″E / 26.12250°N 85.39056°E /26.12250; 85.39056 | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Bihar |
| Region | Tirhut division |
| District | Muzaffarpur |
| Established | 01 January 1875 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Nirmala Sahu |
| • Municipal Commissioner | Vikram Virkar (IAS) |
| • SP City | Kota Kiran (IPS) |
| • Member of Parliament | Raj Bhushan Choudhary (BJP) |
| • MLA | Ranjan Kumar (BJP) |
| Area | |
• Total | 91 km2 (35 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 60 m (200 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 354,462 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Additional official | English |
| • Regional | Bajjika[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 842001–842005 |
| Telephone code | 0621 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-BR |
| Vehicle registration | BR-06 |
| Sex ratio | 1000:890♂/♀ |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Muzaffarpur |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Muzaffarpur, |
| Website | muzaffarpur |
Muzaffarpurpronunciationⓘ is a city in theMuzaffarpur district, situated on the banks of theBurhi Gandak River in theTirhut division of the Indian state ofBihar. It serves as the administrative headquarters of both the Tirhut division and the Muzaffarpur district. Muzaffarpur is the fourth most populous city in Bihar and is often referred to as theCapital of North Bihar.[2]
The city is renowned for itsShahi lychee, earning it the nicknameLychee Kingdom of India.[3][4]
A study conducted by the Government of Bihar identified Muzaffarpur, along withPatna, Vaishali,Gaya, andBegusarai, as one of the top five districts in the state in terms of rapid economic growth.[5]
The current city was established in 1875 during theBritish Raj for administrative convenience, by dividing theTirhut district and was named after anaumil, Muzaffar Khan; thus the city came to be known asMuzaffarpur.[6]
Muzaffarpur District, often referred to as the "Land of Lychee," was created in 1875 for administrative convenience by splitting the former Tirhut district. The present district traces its origins to the 18th century and is named after Muzaffar Khan, an Amil (revenue officer) underBritish rule.
The region's history extends back to ancient Indian epics, including theRamayana. Historically known as Videha, the area was ruled by King Janak, father of Sita (also known as Vaidehi), who is said to have been born in Sitamarhi, a place considered sacred in Hindu tradition.
The earliest recorded history of the district begins with the Vrijji Republic, a confederation of eight clans dominated by the Licchavis. The powerful kingdom of Magadh formed matrimonial alliances with the Licchavis in 519 BCE. Ajatshatru later invaded Vaishali and established Patliputra (modern Patna).
Ambarati, located 40 km from Muzaffarpur, is believed to be the home of Amrapali, a famed royal dancer of Vaishali. Vaishali was also a center of religious renaissance and is notable as the birthplace of Mahavir, the 24th Jain Tirthankara, a contemporary of Gautama Buddha.
Between the 7th and 11th centuries CE, Muzaffarpur was ruled by various dynasties, including those of Emperor Harsha Vardhan, the Palas, the Chedis, and the Senas. The region came under Muslim control in the early 14th century, with rulers like Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq consolidating power.
The Simraon dynasty in neighboring Champaran once extended its influence over Mithila and Nepal until Tughlaq Shah invaded Tirhut in 1323. Later, the area fell under the control of the Jaunpur Sultanate and then the Delhi Sultanate. The Nawabs of Bengal also exercised control before the region became part of the Mughal Empire.
Following the British victory at the Battle of Buxar in 1764, Muzaffarpur came under British East India Company rule. The district played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. Notably, Khudiram Bose, a young revolutionary, was executed in Muzaffarpur in 1908 for his involvement in a bombing attempt against British officials. A memorial commemorates Bose in the district.
Mahatma Gandhi's visits to Muzaffarpur in 1920 and 1927 further inspired nationalist sentiments. The district's unique location at the cultural crossroads of Hindu and Islamic traditions has contributed to its diverse heritage.[7]
Muzaffarpur is located at26°07′N85°24′E / 26.12°N 85.4°E /26.12; 85.4.[8] The city lies in a highly activeseismic zone of India. In the disastrousearthquake on 15 January 1934, much of the town suffered severe damage and many people died.[9] It has an average elevation of 47 meters (154 feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the greatIndo-Gangetic plains ofBihar, overHimalayan silt and sand brought by the glacier-fed and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas.
As of the 2011 India census,[10] Muzaffarpur had a population of 393,724.[11] Males constituted 52.96% (208,509) of the population and females 47.04% (185,215).[11] Muzaffarpur had a literacy rate of 85.16%. Male literacy was 88.83%, and female literacy was 81.05%.[12]
As per 2011 census data, there are total 275,233 Hindus whereas 74,680 Muslims and 1,352 Christians along with other small minorities.[13]
The Muzaffarpur Smart City Mission is part of the Government of India'sSmart Cities Mission, launched in 2015 to promote sustainable and citizen-friendly urban development. Muzaffarpur, Bihar, was selected in a later round of the programme.
The city's projects were initially sanctioned at ₹1,580 crore, later revised to ₹982 crore. Implementation has faced delays, with deadlines extended to 2024.
On 3 October 2025, theGovernment of Bihar approved a proposal under which the Smart City companies in Muzaffarpur,Patna,Bhagalpur, andBihar Sharif would operate as government agencies under the Urban Development and Housing Department (UDHD) of Bihar Government.[14]
| S.No. | Project Name | Description / Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Redevelopment of Sikandarpur Stadium | Redevelopment of Sikandarpur Stadium as a multi-purpose sports stadium. |
| 2 | Municipal Shopping Mart at Tilak Maidan | Construction of a municipal shopping mart at Tilak Maidan, Muzaffarpur. |
| 3 | Renovation of Town Hall | Renovation and modernization of the Town Hall in Muzaffarpur. |
| 4 | Construction of ICCC Building | Construction of the Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC) building in MRDA(D) campus, Muzaffarpur. |
| 5 | Master System Integrator (MSI) | Implementation of the Master System Integrator for the ICCC under Muzaffarpur Smart City Limited (MSCL). |
| 6 | Development of Sewerage System | Development and improvement of the city’s sewerage infrastructure. |
| 7 | Beautification of Sikandarpur Lake Front | Beautification and development of the Sikandarpur Lake Front in Muzaffarpur. |
| 8 | Re-Development of City Park | Redevelopment of City Park, Muzaffarpur, with modern amenities. |
| 9 | Development of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav Park | Creation of a new commemorative park celebrating "Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav" in Muzaffarpur. |
| 10 | Re-Development of Jubba Sahni Park | Redevelopment and landscaping of Jubba Sahni Park, Muzaffarpur. |
| 11 | Re-Development of Indira Park | Upgradation and redevelopment of Indira Park in Muzaffarpur. |
| 12 | Junction Improvement Works | Junction improvement works at six major intersections in Muzaffarpur. |
| 13 | UG Main Storm Water Drainage | Construction of an underground main storm water drainage system. |
| 14 | Redevelopment of MIT Spinal Road | Redevelopment of MIT Spinal Road from Railway Station (Dharamshala Chowk) to Bairiya Chowk via Laxmi Chowk. |
| 15 | Redevelopment of Road (Adarsh Nagar Thana to Harisabha Chowk) | Redevelopment of the road from Adarsh Nagar Thana to Harisabha Chowk via Kalyani Chowk, Muzaffarpur. |
| 16 | Redevelopment of Peripheral Road | Redevelopment of the peripheral road from Railway Station (Dharamshala Chowk) to Akhara Ghat Bridge via Tower Chowk. |
| 17 | Face Lifting of CBD Area | Face lifting and beautification of the Central Business District (CBD) area along major roads in the ABD area of Muzaffarpur Smart City. |
| 18 | Construction of Smart Mini Bus & E-Rickshaw Stops | Construction of 25 smart shelters for mini-buses and e-rickshaws across Muzaffarpur. |
| 19 | RO Water Points | Installation of RO water points at different key junctions in Muzaffarpur. |
| 20 | Integrated Bus Terminal at Bairiya | Construction of an integrated bus terminal at Bairiya, Muzaffarpur. |
| S.No. | Project Name | Description / Remarks | Status | Completion (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Redevelopment of Sikandarpur Stadium | Redevelopment of Sikandarpur Stadium as a multi-purpose sports stadium. | Running | 65% |
| 2 | Beautification of Sikandarpur Lake Front | Beautification and development of the Sikandarpur Lake Front in Muzaffarpur. | Running | 95% |
| 3 | Municipal Shopping Mart at Tilak Maidan | Construction of a municipal shopping mart at Tilak Maidan, Muzaffarpur. | Completed | 100% |
| 4 | Master System Integrator (MSI) for ICCC | Implementation of the Master System Integrator for the Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC) under Muzaffarpur Smart City Limited (MSCL). | Completed | 100% |
| 5 | Renovation of Town Hall | Renovation and modernization of the Town Hall in Muzaffarpur. | Completed | 100% |
| 6 | Construction of ICCC Building | Construction of the Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC) building in MRDA(D) campus, Muzaffarpur. | Completed | 100% |
| 7 | Re-Development of City Park | Redevelopment of City Park, Muzaffarpur, with modern amenities. | Completed | 100% |
| 8 | Development of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav Park | Creation of a commemorative park celebrating "Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav" in Muzaffarpur. | Completed | 100% |
| 9 | Re-Development of Jubba Sahni Park | Redevelopment and landscaping of Jubba Sahni Park, Muzaffarpur. | Completed | 100% |
| 10 | Re-Development of Indira Park | Upgradation and redevelopment of Indira Park in Muzaffarpur. | Completed | 100% |
| 11 | Junction Improvement Works | Junction improvement works at six major intersections in Muzaffarpur. | Completed | 100% |
| 12 | Development of Sewerage System | Development and improvement of the city’s sewerage infrastructure. | Running | 96% |
| 13 | UG Main Storm Water Drainage | Construction of an underground main storm water drainage system. | Running | 96% |
| 14 | Redevelopment of MIT Spinal Road | Redevelopment of MIT Spinal Road from Railway Station (Dharamshala Chowk) to Bairiya Chowk via Laxmi Chowk. | Completed | 100% |
| 15 | Redevelopment of Road (Adarsh Nagar Thana to Harisabha Chowk) | Redevelopment of the road from Adarsh Nagar Thana to Harisabha Chowk via Kalyani Chowk, Muzaffarpur. | Completed | 100% |
| 16 | Redevelopment of Peripheral Road | Redevelopment of the peripheral road from Railway Station (Dharamshala Chowk) to Akhara Ghat Bridge via Tower Chowk. | Completed | 100% |
| 17 | Face Lifting of CBD Area | Face lifting and beautification of the Central Business District (CBD) area along major roads in the ABD area of Muzaffarpur Smart City. | Completed | 100% |
| 18 | Construction of Smart Mini Bus & E-Rickshaw Stops | Construction of 25 smart shelters for mini buses and e-rickshaws across Muzaffarpur. | Completed | 100% |
| 19 | RO Water Points | Installation of RO water points at different key junctions in Muzaffarpur. | Running | 0% |
| 20 | Integrated Bus Terminal at Bairiya | Construction of an integrated bus terminal at Bairiya, Muzaffarpur. | Running | 0% |
| 21 | Public Awareness Campaigns and Workshops | Conducting public awareness campaigns and workshops under Muzaffarpur Smart City initiatives. | Completed | 100% |
Muzaffarpur Military Station, also known as the Muzaffarpur Cantonment, Muzaffarpur Army Area or Station Headquarter Muzaffarpur, is a defence establishment of theIndian Army located in Shrirampuri, near Circuit House Road, in the Muzaffarpur district.
The station provides administrative, logistic, and welfare facilities for serving and retired defence personnel in North Bihar. It is associated with the151 Infantry Battalion (Territorial Army) – Jat Regiment, which operates under the Territorial Army framework of the Indian Army.[15]
The military station includes an Army Canteen that has served defence personnel and ex-servicemen of theIndian Army,Indian Air Force, andIndian Navy in the region for over a century. It is among the oldest canteens in eastern India, established around 1859–1860, providing subsidized goods and amenities to military personnel. The station also houses an Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme (ECHS) Polyclinic, which provides medical care and health services to retired defence personnel and their dependents.[16]
Address: Circuit House Road, Shrirampuri, Muzaffarpur, Bihar – 842001
Muzaffarpur is one of Bihar’s most economically important districts, ranking among the top three in GDDP and per-capita income, with high NDDP figures (Bihar Economic Survey 2025–26). The district has a diversified economy, with industries in textiles, bag manufacturing, agro-based products, dairy, and lychee cultivation. Industrial areas like Bela and Bariyarpur host major companies such as Bihar Drugs & Organic Chemicals Ltd and Muzaffarpur Dairy. Sutapatti Bazar and Motijheel Market are key commercial hubs.
Per capita GDP (2024) is around US$402, contributing ~5% to Bihar’s GDP. The district consumed 1,807 million units of energy, had 97,500+ registered vehicles, and generated ₹440 crore from stamp duty and registration fees. Muzaffarpur has over six malls, 26 car dealerships, 150 two-wheeler dealerships, and 8,584 POS machines.
Industrial development is managed byBihar Industrial Area Development Authority (BIADA), with key facilities like Suresh Chips and Semiconductor (Sherpur), Bela Industrial Area (textiles/bags), Bariyarpur Industrial Area, Paroo Industrial Area (700 acres), Mega Food Park, biofuel plants, leather park, and dairy plants. Notable companies include High Spirit, Rakesh Masala, Cosmus Lifestyle, Shree Shyam Industries, and others.[citation needed]
Muzaffarpur is an important agricultural district, producing fruits, vegetables, fish, and livestock products. Major horticultural crops include litchi, mango, banana, guava, onion, potato, brinjal, and cauliflower. Livestock and fisheries are well-developed, with 2.31 lakh animals treated and 43,000 t fish produced (2024-25). Fertiliser use totaled 155.97 (‘000 t), and irrigation covers 286.16 (‘000 ha) gross, with tubewells being the main source.
Muzaffarpur is well-connected by rail and road, with a major railway junction and several national highways, including NH 27. A metro rail project is proposed, and the city's airport is slated for future development.
Muzaffarpur Junction is the major Railway Station of the Muzaffarpur District lies on theEast Central Railway zone. It is connected directly to all the major cities of India.[17]
There are daily and weekly trains available forNew Delhi,Patna,Secunderabad,Kolkata,Varanasi,Ahmedabad,Lokmanya Tilak Terminus,Howrah,Amritsar,Pune and other major cities.[18]
NH 27 which is part of India'sEast–West highway corridor passes through Muzaffarpur. Muzaffarpur is connected to other parts of India byNH 27,
NH 22,
NH 122 andBihar State highways 48 & 4[19]Asian Highway 42 (AH42) passes through Muzaffarpur, India, as part of the National Highway 27 (NH 27) route within the city[20]
Muzaffarpur Metro is a proposed metro railway service in the Muzaffarpur district ofBihar. The proposal was proposed by the department of Urban Development and Housing Development of Bihar Government to provide facility of metro railway services in Muzaffarpur
For this project,RITES has already completed the survey, finalized the station and route for the Muzaffarpur metro, and sent it to the Bihar government for approval.[21][22]
Patahi Airport, located in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, is currently not operational but is slated for development and expansion, with plans for a longer runway and to accommodate 19 Seater aircraft.[23]
Muzaffarpur is home to several major medical institutions and hospitals, both government-run and private. These institutions cater to the medical needs of the local population and surrounding regions. Muzffarpur is also Considered asMedical Hub of North Bihar
Some Notabale healthcare facilities in the city include:
Muzaffarpur is also known as the educational hub ofNorth Bihar. According to the Bihar Economic Survey 2024–25, Muzaffarpur is home to a total of 60 Government colleges. It is also the headquarters ofBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University. Additionally, Muzaffarpur houses the first government engineering college of Bihar Government,Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, which was established in 1954. The city also has a government medical collegeShri Krsihna Medical College[26]
| Name | Type | Website |
|---|---|---|
| Langat Singh College | General Degree College | www |
| S.K.J. Law College | Law College | www |
| RDJM Medical College & Hospital | Private Medical College | rdjmmch |
| L.N. Mishra College of Business Management | Business Management College | lnmcbm |
| Name | Affiliation/Type | Website |
|---|---|---|
| Sunshine Prep/High School Muzaffarpur | Private School | www |
| D.A.V. Public School, Bakhri | CBSE - Private School | davpsbakhri |
| D.A.V. Public School, Khabra | CBSE - Private School | davpskhabra |
| G.D. Mother International School | CBSE - Private School | gdmis |
| Kendriya Vidyalaya Muzaffarpur | Central Government School | muzzaffarpur |
| Kendriya Vidyalaya, CRPF Camp Jhaphan | Central Government School | crpfjhaphan |
| Prabhat Tara School | ICSE -Private School | www |
| Delhi Public School, Muzaffarpur | CBSE | www |
| Shemford Futuristic School, Muzaffarpur | Private School |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Rambriksh Benipuri | Indian freedom movement activist, eminent writer ofHindi literature |
| George Fernandes | FormerDefence Minister of India |
| Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi | Freedom fighter and political activist |
| Raj Bhushan Choudhary | Indian politician, Member of 18th Lok Sabha, Member ofThird Modi ministry |
| Devaki Nandan Khatri | Author ofChandrakanta, first modernHindi novel |
| Arunabh Kumar | Founder and ex-CEO ofThe Viral Fever |
| Dinesh Prasad Singh | Indian politician, Member ofBihar Legislative Council |
| Veena Devi | Indian politician, Member of Lok Sabha,Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency) |
| Rajendra Prasad | India's first president, worked as a professor of English inLangat Singh College |
| Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary | Sports spectator and fan of theIndian Cricket Team |
| Shreya Narayan | Bollywood actress |
| Aishwarya Nigam | Bollywood playback singer |
| Jai Narain Prasad Nishad | Indian politician and member of parliament from Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha Constituency of Bihar |
| Ajay Nishad | Indian politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha |
| Raghunath Pandey | Famous entrepreneur who founded Shri Krishna Medical College & Hospital (SKMCH), Muzaffarpur |
| Jubba Sahni | Freedom fighter |
| Rajni Ranjan Sahu | Member Rajya Sabha, 1984–1996 |
| Sunil Sahu | Educator in the US |
| Uday Shankar | Media executive and former journalist, president ofFICCI,The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific, and chairman ofStar India andThe Walt Disney Company India |
| Janki Ballabh Shastri | Hindi poet, writer and critic |
| Baikunth Shukla | Revolutionary hanged by the British in 1934 |
| Yogendra Shukla | Revolutionary, Indian freedom movement activist, served time atKalapani |
| Basawon Singh | Revolutionary, Indian freedom movement activist |
| Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh | Diplomat and freedom fighter |
| Kishori Sinha | Indian politician and educationalist |
| Mridula Sinha | Former Governor of Goa (2014–2019) |
| Bapi Tutul | Music composer |
Muzaffarpur has ahumid subtropical climate (Cwa) under theKöppen climate classification. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28–40 °C, 90% max). and winter is pleasantly cool, around 6–20 °C. Rainfall in Muzaffarpur City is comparatively less compared to other parts of Bihar.
| Climate data for Muzaffarpur (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2009) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) | 34.6 (94.3) | 39.4 (102.9) | 42.2 (108.0) | 44.5 (112.1) | 43.4 (110.1) | 43.5 (110.3) | 40.6 (105.1) | 38.2 (100.8) | 35.9 (96.6) | 33.2 (91.8) | 29.6 (85.3) | 44.5 (112.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) | 26.1 (79.0) | 31.4 (88.5) | 35.8 (96.4) | 35.3 (95.5) | 35.0 (95.0) | 33.0 (91.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.0 (89.6) | 28.6 (83.5) | 24.1 (75.4) | 30.7 (87.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.4 (50.7) | 13.6 (56.5) | 17.8 (64.0) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.1 (77.2) | 26.7 (80.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.0 (78.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 16.8 (62.2) | 12.0 (53.6) | 20.6 (69.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 2.2 (36.0) | 7.2 (45.0) | 12.6 (54.7) | 18.3 (64.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20.6 (69.1) | 19.6 (67.3) | 14.4 (57.9) | 7.7 (45.9) | 4.0 (39.2) | 2.2 (36.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 10.5 (0.41) | 12.5 (0.49) | 7.1 (0.28) | 20.9 (0.82) | 74.9 (2.95) | 168.6 (6.64) | 270.7 (10.66) | 276.5 (10.89) | 192.4 (7.57) | 48.5 (1.91) | 3.8 (0.15) | 2.8 (0.11) | 1,089.2 (42.88) |
| Average rainy days | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 4.4 | 7.0 | 12.4 | 11.9 | 8.2 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 50.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 79 | 70 | 57 | 52 | 63 | 74 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 78 | 76 | 80 | 73 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[30][31][32] | |||||||||||||
Muzaffarpur has been ranked 32nd best "National Clean Air City" under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[33]
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