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Muzaffarnagar | |
|---|---|
City | |
| Nickname: Sugar Bowl of Uttar Pradesh | |
  Muzaffarnagar | |
| Coordinates:29°28′55″N77°42′00″E / 29.482°N 77.700°E /29.482; 77.700 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Muzaffarnagar |
| First Settled | 1399 |
| Founded | 1633 |
| Incorporated as City | 1826 |
| Founded by | Syed Muzaffar Ali Khan |
| Named after | Syed Muzaffar Ali Khan |
| Government | |
| • Body | Municipal Board of Muzaffarnagar |
| • District Magistrate | Umesh MishraIAS[1] |
| • Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | Harendra Singh Malik (SP) |
| • Member of Legislative Assembly | Kapil Dev Agarwal (BJP) |
| Area | |
• Total | 204.8 km2 (79.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 267 m (876 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
• Total | 494,792 |
| • Rank | 15 (InU.P.) |
| • Density | 2,416/km2 (6,257/sq mi) |
| • City | 351,838 |
| Demonym | Muzaffarnagri |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Additional official | Urdu |
| • Native | Khariboli |
| • Literacy rate | 85.16 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 251001 |
| PIN | 251002 |
| Telephone code | 0131 |
| Vehicle registration | UP-12 |
| First newspaper | Dainik Dehat (est. 1936) |
| Website | muzaffarnagar |
Muzaffarnagar (Hindi pronunciation:[mʊzəfːəɾ.nəgəɾ],also[mʊd͡ʒəp.pʰəɾ.nəgəɾ]) is a city underMuzaffarnagar district in the Indian State ofUttar Pradesh. It is situated midway on theDelhi -Haridwar/Dehradun National Highway (NH 58) and is also well connected with thenational railway network. It is known as the sugarbowl of Uttar Pradesh.
The city previously called Sarwat and is located in the middle of the highly fertile upperGanga-Yamuna Doab region and is very near to New Delhi and Saharanpur, making it one of the most developed and prosperous cities of Uttar Pradesh. It comes under the Saharanpur division. This city is part of Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) andAmritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor (ADKIC). It shares its border with the state of Uttarakhand and it is the principal commercial, industrial and educational hub of Western Uttar Pradesh.
The earliest settlers of Muzaffarnagar and the region around it wereBrahmins andRajputs, followed by later migrations ofJat andGurjar tribes.[4] The town was established in 1633 by the son of aMughal Commander Sayyid Muzaffar Khan Barha, otherwise known as Khan-i-Jahan,[5] during the reign ofShah Jahan. At the time Muzaffarnagar was part of theBarah country as it was intimately connected with the Indian Muslim kinship group called theBarah Sayyids,[4] who controlled the upper Doab.[6][7] From Muzaffarnagar, the influentialSayyid brothers became de-facto rulers of the Mughal empire in the 1710s. The Indian Muslim inhabitants ofBarha especially from near the town ofJansath were heavily recruited in the Mughal army and in the personal cavalry of theSayyid Brothers.[8]
In 1901, during theBritish Raj, it was a district in theMeerut Division inUnited Provinces of Agra and Oudh.[9] In 1947, when the country got independenceIndian flag was hoisted for the first time in the Muzaffarnagar City.[10]
On 18 October 1976, during "The Emergency, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's suspension of democracy in India, between 25 and 30 people protesting againstcompulsory sterilisation werekilled whenUttar Pradesh police fired into thecrowd.[11]
The2013 Muzaffarnagar riots between Hindus and Muslims resulted in 62 deaths.[12]
According to a May 2015 report inIndia Today:
Shamli and adjoining Muzaffarnagar districts are considered sensitive ever since large-scale communal violence erupted in August and September 2013. More than 50 people had died and over 50,000 were rendered homeless ... The riot that ensued had engulfed many districts of western UP.[13]
Muzaffarnagar is 272 meters above sea level[14] in the Doab region ofIndo-Gangetic Plain. It is 125 kilometres north east of the national capital,New Delhi, and 200 kilometres south east ofChandigarh, and near toRoorkee,Saharanpur,Meerut &Bijnor.
Muzaffarnagar has amonsoon influencedhumid subtropical climate characterised by much hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June and are extremely hot. The monsoon arrives in late June and continues until the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March. June is the warmest month of the year.[citation needed]
The temperature in June averages 30.2 °C. In January, the average temperature goes to as low as 7 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. The average annual temperature in Muzaffarnagar is 24.2 °C. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Muzaffarnagar are 45 °C (113 °F) on 29 May 1994 and −2.6 °C (27.3 °F) on 23 December 1990 respectively. The rainfall averages 929 mm. The driest month is November, with 8 mm of rain. Highest precipitation falls in July, with an average of 261.4 mm.[citation needed]
According to theWorld Air Quality Report 2024, Muzaffarnagar is one of the 20 most polluted cities in India.[15]
| Climate data for Muzaffarnagar (1991–2020, extremes 1981–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) | 31.5 (88.7) | 37.4 (99.3) | 42.6 (108.7) | 45.0 (113.0) | 44.4 (111.9) | 42.0 (107.6) | 39.0 (102.2) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.8 (96.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 28.8 (83.8) | 45.0 (113.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.0 (73.4) | 28.2 (82.8) | 34.8 (94.6) | 37.6 (99.7) | 36.2 (97.2) | 33.2 (91.8) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.5 (90.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 21.5 (70.7) | 29.7 (85.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) | 8.7 (47.7) | 12.9 (55.2) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.4 (72.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.0 (77.0) | 24.6 (76.3) | 22.6 (72.7) | 16.2 (61.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 16.5 (61.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) | 1.5 (34.7) | 0.0 (32.0) | 6.2 (43.2) | 11.0 (51.8) | 15.4 (59.7) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.4 (63.3) | 12.6 (54.7) | 7.0 (44.6) | 2.6 (36.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | −2.6 (27.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 20.5 (0.81) | 32.2 (1.27) | 25.0 (0.98) | 13.4 (0.53) | 29.2 (1.15) | 90.6 (3.57) | 232.0 (9.13) | 232.5 (9.15) | 162.3 (6.39) | 21.2 (0.83) | 6.4 (0.25) | 7.3 (0.29) | 872.5 (34.35) |
| Average rainy days | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 4.4 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 5.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 41.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 58 | 50 | 44 | 32 | 34 | 49 | 70 | 72 | 65 | 52 | 53 | 57 | 53 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[16][17] | |||||||||||||
As of the[update]2011 census, Muzaffar Nagar municipality had a population of 351,838[2] The municipality had asex ratio of 897 females per 1,000 males and 12.01% of the population were under six years old.[2] Effective literacy was 85.16%; male literacy was 88.83% and female literacy was 81.05%.[2] The urban/metropolitan population is 494,792, of which 261,338 are males and 233,454 are females.[3]
The city has 55.79%Hindus, 41.39%Muslims, 1.7%Jains, 0.67%Sikhs, 0.67%Buddhists and 0.17%Christians[18]
TheKhariboli dialect is the native tongue of the city which resembles the Haryanvi dialect of adjoiningHaryana. The official languages of Hindi, Urdu and English are also widely understood.
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Sugar andMuzaffarnagar jaggery production are important industries in the district. As a result of the farming activities around, the city is an important hub ofjaggery trading business.[19]
Muzaffarnagar is an industrial city withsugar,steel andpaper being the major industries. District Muzaffarnagar has 8 sugar mills. More than 40% of the region's population is engaged in agriculture. According to Economic Research firmIndicus Analytics, Muzaffarnagar has the highest agricultural GDP in Uttar Pradesh, as well as UP's largest granary.[citation needed]
Muzaffaranagar has both public and private healthcare system. TheDistrict hospital is the major government hospital in the city along with several general practitioners in the city. The city is also catered by a private medical college (Muzaffarnagar Medical College) on the outskirts of the city.
_Kakrouli_Muzaffarnagar.jpg)
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Muzaffarnagar connected by road and railway networks. TheGhaziabad -Saharanpur line passes through the city.Indian Railways provides connections toNew Delhi,Western Uttar Pradesh,Jammu & Kashmir,Punjab,South India, and other parts of the country.Dehradun Shatabdi Express andDehradun Jan Shatabdi Express trains pass through and halt at theMuzaffarnagar station.[citation needed]
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The National Highway - 58 (NH-58) passes through Muzaffarnagar city. This highway provides connections towards Delhi on the southern direction and upper reaches of the Himalayas in theUttarakhand state in the northern direction. The highway is the backbone of road transportation for the Muzaffarnagar city as well as theGarhwal region of Uttarakhand. Cities and areas of Hardwar, Rishikesh, Dehradun as well asBadrinath andKedarnath are served by this highway.[citation needed]
City transportation mostly consists of tricycles and 3-wheeled vehicles, rickshaws. An international airport, Muzaffarnagar International Airport, was proposed in the city in order to reduce the traffic at theIndira Gandhi International Airport, however, the same was transferred to the Jewar Airport.[citation needed]
Muzaffarnagar lies approximately halfway on the road from Delhi to UttarakhandRishikesh (theNH-58). As a result, many roadside resorts and eateries have sprung up on the highway near the city. Especially, the town ofKhatauli is famed for its canal side forest park named "Cheetal". Once visited for the sight ofdeer andrabbits and other wild animals, the Cheetal is now encroached by privately owneddhabas and resorts thus sidelining the animals.[citation needed]
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