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| Muyesinbo | |
| Hangul | 무예신보 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 武藝新譜 |
| Revised Romanization | Muyesinbo |
| McCune–Reischauer | Muyesinbo |
| Shippalgi | |
| Hangul | 십팔기 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 十八技 |
| Revised Romanization | Sippalgi |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sipp'algi |
TheMuyesinbo (Korean: 무예신보;lit. New Compendium of Martial Arts; alternativelyMuyeshinbo) is aKorean martial arts manual published in 1759.[1] The book is a revision of the olderMuyejebo, made during the reign ofKing Youngjo (1724–1776). It adds twelve disciplines or "skills" of both armed and unarmed fighting byPrince Sado to the original six which were descbribed in theMuyejebo. No copies of theMuyesinbo have survived, but its contents can easily be determined by tracing back and comparing theMuyejebo with the laterMuyedobotongji.
Prince Sado also originated the termSib Pal Gi (십팔기, 十八技, “Eighteen [Fighting] Methods” or possibly "Eighteen [Warrior's] Tools” if using 十八器), shortened fromBonjo Muye Sib Pal Ban (본조무예십팔반, 本條武藝十八般, "A Treatise on the 18 Martial Categories of the Yi Dynasty"). This mirrors the Chinese concept of the "Eighteen Arms of Wushu" (十八般兵器) to identify the Korean collection of weapons depicted in the Mu Ye Sin Bo (note that 十八般兵器 is pronouncedSip Pal Ban Byeong Gi in Korean, 십팔반병기, where the wordsBan Byeong are left out to render Prince Sado's term, and these omitted words roughly translate as "martial methods" making them essentially superfluous when taken in context).
The earlier manual of 1610,Muyejebo (Martial Arts Illustrations) had as its background theImjin War (1592–1598), which revealed severe shortcomings in the Korean national army causingKing Seonjo (1567–1608) to order reforms based on the successful training model of the Chinese GeneralQi Jiguang (1527–1587).
During the reign ofKing Yeongjo (1724–1776) theMuyejebo was revised, and supplemented with 12 additional fighting methods byPrince Sado, published in 1759.Prince Sado was the heir-apparent of king Yeongjo, but he suffered from a mental illness which triggered violent outbreaks. After the prince took to randomly killing and raping people in the palace, he was executed by suffocation in 1762, aged 27.
Both theMuyejebo andMuyesinbo formed the basis for the laterMuyedobotongji ("Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts") of 1795, which added 4 already depicted disciplines only as executed on horseback (namely:flag spear,twin sabres,moon-knife, andflail) in addition tohorsemanship itself as well as apolo-like game, bringing the total number of systems to 24.
These are the eighteen "skills" (技 skill, ability, method) which are classified into three categories (thrust, slice, and strike) and reflect strong influence fromChinese martial arts.
The first six skills already present in theMuyejebo can also be found in theMuyesinbo:
The remaining twelve skills are original to theMuyesinbo:
.
The termSip Pal Gi in modernKorean martial arts has come to identify three separate but related activities.
In modern Korean martial arts,Sip Pal Gi has come to be used generically, much like "kung fu" in the west.There are, however, small groups of practitioners[who?] who use the termSip Pal Gi historically, for the attempted reconstruction of 18th-century Korean martial arts based on the historical manuals, much in the same way asmartial arts reconstruction in the West.