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Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj was born in the town ofNishapur[5] in theAbbasid province ofKhorasan, in what is now northeasternIran. Historians differ as to his date of birth, though it is usually given as 202 AH (817/818),[6][7] 204 AH (819/820),[3][8] or 206 AH (821/822).[6][7][9]
Al-Dhahabi said, "It is said that he was born in the year 204 AH," though he also said, "But I think he was born before that."[3]
Ibn Khallikan could find no report of Muslim's date of birth or age at death by any of theḥuffāẓ "hadith masters", except their agreement that he was born after 200 AH (815/816). Ibn Khallikan citesibn al-Salah, who citesal-Hakim al-Nishapuri'sKitab ʿUlama al-Amsar, in the claim that Muslim was 55 years old when he died on 25 Rajab, 261 AH (May 875)[9] and therefore his year of birth must have been 206 AH (821/822).
Ibn al-Bayyiʿ reports that he was buried in Nasarabad, a suburb of Nishapur.
According to scholars, he was ofArab origin.[10][11] Thenisba "al-Qushayri" signifies he belonged to theArab tribe ofBanu Qushayr, members of which migrated to the newly conquered Persian territory during the expansion of theRashidun Caliphate. According to two scholars, ibn al-Athīr and ibn al-Salāh, he was a member of that tribe. His family had migrated to Persia nearly two centuries earlier following the conquest.[3]
The author's teachers included Harmala ibn Yahya, Sa'id ibn Mansur, Abd-Allah ibn Maslamah al-Qa'nabi, al-Dhuhali,al-Bukhari,ibn Ma'in, Yahya ibn Yahya al-Nishaburi al-Tamimi, and others. Among his students wereal-Tirmidhi,ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi, andIbn Khuzayma, each of whom also wrote works on hadith. After his studies throughout theArabian Peninsula,Egypt,Iraq andSyria, he settled in his hometown ofNishapur, where he met, and became a lifelong friend of al-Bukhari.
Several sources became prominent loci for learning about the biography of Muslim. TheHistory of Baghdad byal-Khatib al-Baghdadi, produced in the 11th century, formed the basis of all subsequent descriptions of his life in Islamic sources. For example, the complete biography of Muslim in theHistory of Islam byal-Dhahabi contains 27 reports, 11 of which (41%) come from Al-Baghdadi'sHistory. The second most important source for information about Muslim's life,was theHistory ofNishapur ofal-Hakim al-Nishapuri. TheHistory of Baghdad itself, which contains 14 reports about Muslim, took half of them (7) from theHistory of Nishapur.[12]
In the mid-9th century, Muslim composed a collection of what he considered entirelysahih hadith, now known as Sahih Muslim. Today, it is considered one of thesix canonical books of hadith in Sunni Islam. In particular, it along withSahih al-Bukhari are considered the two pre-eminent collections in this canon; together they are called theSahihayn. Figures on the number of hadiths in this book vary from three to twelve thousand, depending on whether duplicates are included, or only the text is. Muslim's collection has a substantial overlap with Sahih al-Bukhari: according to Al-Jawzaqi, 2,326 traditions are shared between the two. The collections also roughly share 2,400 narrators; only 430 of the narrators in Sahih al-Bukhari are not found in Sahih Muslim, and only 620 narrators in Sahih Muslim are not found in Sahih al-Bukhari.[13]
The scholar of Ahlus-Sunnah,Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh was first to recommend Muslim's work.[14]
Ishaq's contemporaries did not at first accept this; Abu Zur‘a al-Razi objected that Muslim had omitted too much material which Muslim himself recognised as authentic and that he included transmitters who were weak.[15]
Ibn Abi Hatim (d. 327/938) later accepted Muslim as "trustworthy, one of the hadith masters with knowledge of hadith"; but this contrasts with much more fulsome praise of Abu Zur‘a and also his father Abu Hatim. It is similar with Ibn al-Nadim.[16]
Muslim's book gradually increased in stature such that it is considered among Ahlus-Sunnah the most authentic collections of hadith, second only toSahih Bukhari.[17]
^The name of his father has sometimes been given asحجاج (Ḥajjāj) instead ofالحجاج (al-Ḥajjāj). The name of his great-great-grandfather has variously been given asكوشاذ (Kūshādh[3] orKawshādh),كرشان[4] (Kirshān,Kurshān, orKarshān), orكوشان (Kūshān or Kawshān).
^abcdSalahuddin ʿAli Abdul Mawjood (2007).The Biography of Imam Muslim bin al-Hajjaj. Translated by Abu Bakr Ibn Nasir. Riyadh: Darussalam.ISBN978-9960988191.
^abK. J. Ahmad (1987).Hundred Great Muslims. Des Plaines, Illinois: Library of Islam.ISBN0933511167.
^Syed Bashir Ali (2003).Scholars of Hadith. The Makers of Islamic Civilization Series. Malaysia: IQRAʼ International Educational Foundation.ISBN1563162040.Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved2016-01-07.
^R.N. Frye, ed. (1975).The Cambridge history of Iran. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 471.ISBN978-0-521-20093-6.
^al-Qushayrī, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj; Shahryar, Aftab (2004-01-01).صحيح مسلم. Islamic Book Service.ISBN9788172315924.Archived from the original on 2021-09-30. Retrieved2020-12-15.
