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Music of Tamil Nadu has a long tradition and history going back thousands of years. Music is a very important aspect of marriage and temple festivalTamil people.
The tradition of Tamil music goes back to the earliest period ofTamil history. Many poems of theSangam literature, the classicalTamil literature of the earlycommon era, were set to music. There are various references to this ancient musical tradition found in the ancient Sangam books such asEttuthokai andPathupattu. The early narrative poemSilappatikaram, belonging to the post-Sangam period also mentions various forms of music practiced by theTamil people. Music was also utilised in the compositions of the TamilSaiva saints such asAppar,Thirugnana Sambanthar andManikkavasagar during the Hindu revival period between the sixth and the tenth centuries CE. The musical poet (sandakkavi)Arunagirinathar further embellished the Tamil musical tradition through his compositions of Tamil hymns known asThiruppugazh.
Pann, which is the classical music form of Southern India, has a long history in Tamil Nadu. Later the name was mistakenly changed as Carnatic music. Even today Pannisai is sung in temple festivals. Tamil Nadu has produced a number of famous performers, as well as a closely related classical dance formBharatha Natyam. Chennai hosts a large cultural event, the annualMadras Music Season, which includes performances by hundreds of artists.
There are 72 basic scales on the octave, and a rich variety of melodic motion. Both melodic and rhythmic structures are varied and compelling. This is one of the world's oldest and richest musical traditions.[1] Songs have been composed by great artists and handed down through generations of disciples.
The composers belonging to theTamil Trinity ofMuthu Thandavar (1560 - 1640 CE),Arunachala Kavi (1712–1779) andMarimutthu Pillai (1717–1787) composed hundreds of devotional songs in Tamil and helped in the evolution of Carnatic music. Three saint composers of the 18th to 19th Century,Tyagaraja,Muthuswami Dikshitar andShyama Shastri, have composed thousands of songs that remain favourites among musicians and audiences. Today, Tamil Nadu has hundreds of notable carnatic singers who spread this music all over the world.M. S. Subbulakshmi, a renowned carnatic singer, had the honour of singing a song in theUN Security Council.
Folk singing remains popular, especially in rural areas; elements of the traditional styles are sometimes used in film music. There are contemporary enthusiasts, likeVijayalakshmi Navaneethakrishnan and Pushpavanam Kuppuswamy, who have worked to revive popular interest in the folk music of Tamil Nadu. The urumi melam also remains as one of the more popular forms of folk music in rural Tamil Nadu and the ensemble is most often played with anurumee and thenadaswaram as the instrument of choice.
The rural hill tribes of Tamil Nadu each have their own folk traditions. ThePulayar, for example, performmelodies calledtalams which are said to come from the cooing of birds. Each talam is named after a deity, including Kunhanada talam, Mangalanada talam and Karaganachi talam.
Gaana is arap-like "collection of rhythms, beats and sensibilities native to theDalits of Chennai."[2][3] It evolved over the past two centuries, combining influences from thesiddhars (tantric adepts) of ancientTamilakam, Tamil Sufi saints, and more.[2] Gaana songs are performed at weddings, stage shows, political rallies, and funerals. Performers sing about a wide range of topics, but the essence of gaana is said to be "angst and melancholy" based in life's struggles.[2] In the past few decades, the genre has entered the music of the mainstream Tamil film industry and gained popularity.[2][4] Contemporary gaana bands likeThe Casteless Collective are bringing the genre to new audiences while using it for social activism, especially againstcaste discrimination.[2]
Tamil cinema is well known for its talented composers. The two most famous and acclaimed film composers of India,Ilaiyaraaja andA. R. Rahman are from Tamil Nadu, and predominantly work in the Tamil Film Industry, otherwise known asKollywood. Other prominent Tamilfilm score andsoundtrack composers in the industry includeHarris Jayaraj,Yuvan Shankar Raja,Vidyasagar,D. Imman,Deva,S. A. Rajkumar,Sirpy,Bharadwaj,G. V. Prakash Kumar,Anirudh Ravichander,Santhosh Narayanan andHiphop Tamizha. During the 1960s and 1970s, prominent film composersK. V. Mahadevan,M. S. Viswanathan and others were popular.
The film music of Tamil Nadu is widely known for its innovation and eclecticism. Scores may showcase blends of Carnatic, Western and other instruments, with a range of melodic and rhythmic patterns. Orchestral themes and minimalist songs often feature. Recent trends show the prevalence ofsynthesizers and other electronic instruments.
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