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 Centre Georges-Pompidou from Notre-Dame de Paris, 2011 | |
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| Established | 9 June 1947; 78 years ago (9 June 1947) |
|---|---|
| Location | Centre Pompidou, place Georges Pompidou, 75004 Paris andCentre Pompidou-Metz, Human Rights square, 57000Metz |
| Type | Art museum |
| Visitors | 1,501,040 (2021)[1] |
| Director | Xavier Ray |
| Public transit access | Rambuteau,Hôtel de Ville |
| Website | www |
TheMusée National d'Art Moderne (French pronunciation:[myzenɑsjɔnaldaʁmɔdɛʁn]; "National Museum of Modern Art") is thenational museum formodern art of France. It is located in the4th arrondissement of Paris and is housed in theCentre Pompidou. In 2021 it ranked 10th in thelist of most visited art museums in the world, with 1,501,040 visitors. It is one of thelargest museums for modern and contemporary art in the world.
In 1937, the Musée National d'Art Moderne succeeded theMusée du Luxembourg, established in 1818 by KingLouis XVIII as the first museum of contemporary art created in Europe, devoted to living artists whose work was due to join theLouvre 10 years after their death. Imagined as early as 1929 byAuguste Perret to replace theold Palais du Trocadero, the construction of a museum of modern art was officially decided in 1934 in the western wing of thePalais de Tokyo. Completed in 1937 for that year'sInternational Exhibition of Arts and Technology, it was temporarily used for another purpose, since the exhibition of national and foreignart indépendant was then preferably held in thePetit Palais and theMusée du Jeu de Paume. Although due to open in 1939, construction was eventually interrupted by the war; following the nomination of its first Chief Conservator in September 1940, the museum partially opened in 1942 with only a third of the collection brought back from some national collection caches hidden in the province. But its real inauguration didn't take place until 1947, afterWorld War II and the addition of the foreign schools collection of theMusée du Luxembourg, which had been held at theMusée du Jeu de Paume since 1922.
In 1947, then housed in thePalais de Tokyo, its collection was dramatically increased by its first director,Jean Cassou, thanks to his special relationship with many prominent artists or their families, such asPicasso andBraque.
With the creation of theCentre Pompidou, the museum moved to its current location in 1977.
The museum has the largest collection of modern andcontemporary art in Europe,[2] and second largest in the world, after theMuseum of Modern Art in New York, with more than 100,000 works of art by 6,400 artists from 90 countries sinceFauvism in 1905. These works include painting, sculpture, drawing, print, photography, cinema, new media, architecture, and design. A part of the collection is exhibited every two years alternately in an 18,500-square-metre (199,000 sq ft) space divided between two floors, one for modern art (from 1905 to 1960, on the 5th floor), the other for contemporary art (from 1960, on the 4th floor), and 5 exhibition halls, on a total of 28,000 m2 (300,000 sq ft) within the Centre Pompidou. The AtelierBrancusi is located in its own building adjacent to the museum.[3]
The works displayed in the museum often change in order to show to the public the variety and depth of the collection. Many major temporary exhibitions of modern and contemporary art have taken place on a separate floor (the 6th) over the years, among them many one-person exhibitions. Since 2010, the museum has also displayed unique, temporary exhibitions in its provincial branch, theCentre Pompidou-Metz, in a 10,000-square-metre (110,000 sq ft) space divided between 3 galleries and since 2015, inMálaga, Spain, and 2018, inBrussels, Belgium.
Many styles of modern art, includingFauvism,Expressionism,Cubism,Dada,Abstract art,Surrealism are represented with works byMatisse,André Derain,Maurice de Vlaminck,Raoul Dufy,Albert Marquet,Le Douanier Rousseau,Paul Signac,Georges Braque,Pablo Picasso,Jean Metzinger,Albert Gleizes,Fernand Léger,Juan Gris,Frida Kahlo,Ernst Ludwig Kirchner,August Macke,Alexej von Jawlensky,Emil Nolde,Oskar Kokoschka,Otto Dix,George Grosz,Kurt Schwitters,Marcel Duchamp,Francis Picabia,Carlo Carrà,Umberto Boccioni,Giacomo Balla,Gino Severini,Marc Chagall,Natalia Goncharova,Mikhail Larionov,Alexander Rodchenko,František Kupka,Piet Mondrian,Theo van Doesburg,Paul Klee,Wassily Kandinsky,Kasimir Malevich,Jacques Villon,Robert Delaunay,Sonia Delaunay,Georges Rouault,Balthus,Max Beckmann,Constantin Brâncuși,Alexander Calder,Chaïm Soutine,Amedeo Modigliani,Kees van Dongen,Jean Arp,Giorgio de Chirico,André Breton,Magritte,Max Ernst,Joan Miró,Man Ray,Alberto Giacometti,Salvador Dali,Nicolas de Staël,André Masson,Yves Tanguy,Jean Tinguely,Simon Hantaï,Yves Klein,Jackson Pollock,Mark Rothko,Barnett Newman,Willem de Kooning, andFrancis Bacon.
Pop Art,Nouveau Réalisme,Conceptual art and other tendencies or groups are represented with works byAndy Warhol,Richard Hamilton,Rauschenberg,Dan Flavin,Eduardo Arroyo,Dan Graham,Daniel Buren,George Brecht,Arman,César,Bill Viola,Anish Kapoor,Wim Delvoye,Yves Klein,Niki de Saint-Phalle,Yaacov Agam,Vasarely,John Cage,Cindy Sherman,Dieter Roth,Beuys,Roy Lichtenstein,Burhan Dogancay,Dubuffet,Nam June Paik,Wolf Vostell,Gilbert & George,David Hockney,Louise Bourgeois, andArt & Language.
Works of architecture and design includePhilippe Starck,Jean Nouvel, andDominique Perrault.
In 1999, the heirs ofAlphonse Kann requested the return ofGeorges Braque'sThe Guitar Player, which the Centre Pompidou had acquired fromHeinz Berggruen in 1981.[4]
In 2011, Centre Pompidou admitted that it held three paintings,Les Peupliers (Poplars),Arbres (Trees), andComposition by the artist Fédor Löwenstein that had been looted during the Nazi occupation of France.[5]
In 2021, after the French government restituted a lootedMax Pechtstein painting to the heirs ofHugo Simon, the Centre Pompidou held an exhibition in a tribute to the persecuted art collector.[6]
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