Mer Island | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.png) | |||||||||||||
  Mer Island | |||||||||||||
| Coordinates:9°55′02″S144°03′06″E / 9.9172°S 144.0516°E /-9.9172; 144.0516 (Mer Island (centre of locality)) | |||||||||||||
| Country | Australia | ||||||||||||
| State | Queensland | ||||||||||||
| LGA | |||||||||||||
| Location |
| ||||||||||||
| Government | |||||||||||||
| • State electorate | |||||||||||||
| • Federal division | |||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
• Total | 4.1 km2 (1.6 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||
| • Total | 406 (2021 census)[2] | ||||||||||||
| • Density | 99.0/km2 (256/sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| Time zone | UTC+10:00 (AEST) | ||||||||||||
| Postcode | 4875 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Mer Island (also known asMurray Island orMaer Island) is alocality and island in Murray Island Group of theTorres Strait Island Region,Queensland, Australia.[3][4][5][6] In the2021 census, Mer Island had a population of 406 people.[2]
The town is on the island's northwest coast.[7] The island is ofvolcanic origin, the most easterly inhabited island of theTorres Strait Islandsarchipelago, just north of theGreat Barrier Reef. The nameMeer/Mer/Maer comes from the nativeMeriam language. The island is populated by theMelanesianMeriam people. There are eight tribes on Mer: Komet, Zagareb, Meuram, Magaram, Geuram, Peibri, Meriam-Samsep, Piadram/Dauer. The island's organisation is based on traditional laws of boundary and ownership.
Murray Island, in the eastern section ofTorres Strait, is abasaltic island formed from anextinct volcano, last active over a million years ago.[8] It formed when theIndo-Australian Plate slid over theEast Australia hotspot. The island rises to a plateau 80 metres (260 ft)above mean sea level.
The island's highest point is the 230-metre (750 ft) Gelam Paser, the western end of the volcano crater. The island has red fertile soil and is covered in dense vegetation. It has a tropical climate with a wet and dry season.
Murray Island is one of the three islands in theMurray Islands, the others beingDaua Island (Dowar) andWaier Island (Waier).[9]
The town of Murray Island is on the island's northwest coast (9°54′54″S144°03′06″E / 9.9151°S 144.0516°E /-9.9151; 144.0516 (Murray Island (town))).[10]
Murray Island has been inhabited for around 2,800 years, the first settlers beingPapuo-Austronesians who brought agriculture and pot-making with them. Regular contact between the inhabitants of Torres Strait, Europeans, Asians and other outsiders began once the Torres Strait became a means of passage between theIndian Ocean and thePacific Ocean in the 19th century.[citation needed]
Theinhabitants of the Torres Strait, including the Meriam people, gained a reputation as fierce warriors and skilled mariners. Warfare (both intertribal and against European ships in transit through theCoral Sea) andhead hunting were part of Torres Strait Islanders' culture. The account of Jack Ireland, a survivingcabin boy from theCharles Eaton, abarque that was wrecked in 1834 at Detached Reef, near the entrance to Torres Strait, is of interest in this respect. Ireland and another young survivor, William D'Oyley, spent much of their time on Mer before being rescued.[11][12]
In 1836 a large ceremonial mask was recovered from neighbouringAureed (Skull) Island after Ireland and D'Oyley were rescued returned toSydney. The mask was made of turtle shells surrounded by numerous skulls, 17 of which were determined to have belonged to the crew and passengers of theCharles Eaton, who were massacred when they came ashore after the shipwreck.[11] The mask was entered into the collection of theAustralian Museum[13] after the skulls were buried on 17 November 1836 in a mass grave in theDevonshire Street Cemetery in Sydney. A monument was erected in the form of a hugealtar stone to record the manner in which they died. When the Devonshire Street Cemetery was resumed for the site of theCentral Railway Station in 1904 the skulls and the monument were removed toBunnerong Cemetery atBotany Bay in Sydney.[11]
Missionaries (mainly Polynesian) and some other Polynesians began to settle the island in 1872 when theLondon Missionary Society founded a missionary school there.[14] TheQueensland Government annexed the islands in 1879. The Australian painterTom Roberts visited the island in 1892.[15] He witnessed a nighttime dance and depicted it in a painting.
From 1896 to 1903, it was under the control of the Department for Public Instruction and was known as Murray Island Provisional School. From 1904, it became the responsibility of various other government departments. It returned to the control of the Department of Education on 29 January 1985 as Murray Island State School. It was renamed in October 1990 as Mer State School, becoming the Mer Campus of the Tagai State College on 1 January 2007.[16]
In 1936, a maritime strike fuelled by Islander dissatisfaction with the management of their wages and boats by theProtector of Aborigines allowed Islanders to assert control and reject government controls. In 1937, the inaugural meeting of Island Councillors onYorke Island resulted in theTorres Strait Islander Act 1939, giving Islanders more authority in their own affairs and establishing local governments on each island.
After thePacific War broke out in 1941, over 700 Islanders volunteered to defend the Torres Strait. This group was organised into theTorres Strait Light Infantry Battalion. The migration of Islanders to mainland Australia increased as jobs disappeared in thepearling industry. A call for independence from Australia in the 1980s arose as the government failed to provide basic infrastructure on the island.
Murray Island's most famous resident was trade unionistEddie Mabo, whose decision to sue the Queensland Government to secure ownership of his land, which had been removed from his ancestors by the British colonial powers using theterra nullius legal concept, ultimately led theHigh Court of Australia, on appeal from theSupreme Court of the State of Queensland, to issue the "Mabo decision" on 3 June 1992, finally recognising Mabo'snative title rights on his land. The decision continues to have ramifications for Australia. Mabo himself died a few months before the decision. After vandalism to his grave site, he was reburied on Murray Island, where Islanders performed a traditional ceremony for the burial of a king.[17]
In the2016 census, Mer Island had a population of 450 people.[18]
In the2021 census, Mer Island had a population of 406 people.[2]
Mer Campus is a primary (Early Childhood-6) campus ofTagai State College on an unnamed road at9°55′02″S144°02′44″E / 9.9173°S 144.0455°E /-9.9173; 144.0455 (Tagai State College - Mer Campus).[19][20]
There are no secondary schools on Mer Island. The secondary campus of Tagai State College is onThursday Island over 200 kilometres (120 mi) away.[21] Boarding facilities are available on Thursday Island.[22][23]
.svg)
The people of Mer maintain their traditional culture. Modern influences such as consumer goods, television, travel and radio are having an impact on traditional practices and culture. Despite this, song and dance remains an integral part of island life and is demonstrated through celebrations such as Mabo Day, Coming of the Light, Tombstone openings and other cultural events. In 2007, after two years of negotiations, the skulls of five Islander tribesmen were returned to Australia from aGlasgow museum where they had been archived for more than 100 years.[24]
The artistRicardo Idagi was born on Murray Island.[25] Idagi won the main prize at theWestern Australian Indigenous Art Awards in 2009.
The people of Murray Island speakTorres Strait Creole andMeriam, a member of theEastern Trans-Fly languages ofTrans–New Guinea; its sister languages being Bini, Wipi and Gizrra. Though it is unrelated toKalaw Lagaw Ya of the Central and Western Islands of Torres Strait, the two languages share around 40% of their vocabulary.Torres Strait English is a second language.
 | This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved. Find sources: "Mer Island, Queensland" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(December 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Murray Island is governed by the Community Council, which is responsible for roads, water, housing and community events. The Community Council is an integral part of community life. The elders of the community hold a position of respect and also have a major influence on island life.Queensland's control was moved from just 3 miles, to a large 60 miles offshore. This brought all of Torres Strait that were within a couple hundred metres of New guineas coast, into Queensland. The laws rose from requests from the public, who were asking for the lease of islands Queensland's coast. As before this, all islands that were within three miles of the coast, were under Queensland's control. Murray island waited unclaimed until 1879. In 1879, Britain annexed the island to Queensland. The reason for annexation was to protect the British and their property, control the Torres Strait and sea lane to India, dominate fishing and pearling industries and to extend authority to some non-British areas.Britain also gave all control of Torres Strait islands to Queensland, with no negotiating treaties, in order to avert enemy colonial powers claiming the region.
Read to a Meeting of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland on 24 February 1983.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (AlsohereArchived 12 March 2021 at theWayback Machine.)List ofTorres Strait topics | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Torres Strait Islands, islets, andcays |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| People, culture, communities and languages |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Governance and legal matters |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Buildings and structures | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||
