Muro Kyūsō (室鳩巣) orMuro Naokiyo (直清) (March 30, 1658 – September 9, 1734), was aNeo-Confucian scholar and an official of theTokugawa shogunate during the rule ofTokugawa Yoshimune. Muro was responsible for the reintroduction of orthodox neo-Confucianist thought into government and societal life, attempting to reverse the growth of unorthodox views that were becoming popular during this time. He was also an author of Neo-Confucianist works, such as theShundai Zatsuwa andRikuyu engi taigi, although much of his work would only be known posthumously.^[1][2] Muro was a proponent of theChu Hsi school of thought.^[3]

Muro was born in Yanaka,Musashi Province (modern dayTokyo) and from an early age loved books and study. At the age of 15, he travelled to theKaga Domain and was able to gain employment by thedaimyō of the region. The cottage he lived in was given the name "Pigeon Nest" and from this he adopted the name Kyuso, a name he would keep until the end of his life. Muro was a disciple ofYamazaki Ansai and strove to purge all traces ofShintoism from Edo Neo-Confuciansim.^[4]

From 1711 until the day of his death, Muro was a devoted member of theTokugawa government, receiving the highest rank the government awarded to scholars at the time. As a severe devotee to orthodoxneo-Confucianism, his authority helped him fight against critics of the doctrine.

On September 9, 1734, Muro died and was buried inEdo at his own request.

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