TheMultimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA) is an international standards consortium that publishes specifications fornetworking overcoaxial cable. The technology was originally developed to distributeIP television in homes using existing cabling, but is now used as a general-purposeEthernet link where it is inconvenient or undesirable to replace existing coaxial cable withoptical fiber ortwisted pair cabling.[4][5]
MoCA 1.0 was approved in 2006, MoCA 1.1 in April 2010, MoCA 2.0 in June 2010, and MoCA 2.5 in April 2016.[3] The most recently released version of the standard, MoCA 3.0, supports speeds of up to10 Gbit/s. As of 2021, this technology is not yet available in customer premises equipment.[6]
Within the scope of theInternet protocol suite, MoCA is a protocol that provides thelink layer. In the seven-layerOSI model, it provides definitions within thedata link layer (layer 2) and thephysical layer (layer 1).DLNA approved of MoCA as a layer 2 protocol.[8] A MoCA network can contain up to 16 nodes for MoCA 1.1 and higher, with a maximum of 8 for MoCA 1.0.[9] The network provides a shared-medium, half-duplex link between all nodes using time-division multiplexing; within each timeslot, any pair of nodes communicates directly with each other using the highest mutually-supported version of the standard.[10]
The first version of the standard, MoCA 1.0, was ratified in 2006 and supports transmission speeds of up to 135 Mbit/s.[2]
MoCA 1.1
MoCA 1.1 provides 175 Mbit/s net throughputs (275 Mbit/s PHY rate) and operates in the 500 to 1500 MHz frequency range.[11]
MoCA 2.0
MoCA 2.0 offers actual throughputs (MAC rate) up to 1 Gbit/s. Operating frequency range is 500 to 1650 MHz. Packet error rate is 1 packet error in 100 million.[12] MoCA 2.0 also offers lower power modes of sleep and standby and isbackward compatible with MoCA 1.1.[13] In March 2017,SCTE/ISBE society and MoCA consortium began creating a new "standards operational practice" (SCTE 235) to provide MoCA 2.0 withDOCSIS 3.1 interoperability. Interoperability is necessary because both MoCA 2.0 and DOCSIS 3.1 may operate in the frequency range above 1 GHz. The standard "addresses the need to prevent degradation or failure of signals due to a shared frequency range above 1 GHz".[14][15]
MoCA 2.5
MoCA 2.5 (introduced April 13, 2016[3]) offers actual data rates up to 2.5 Gbit/s, continues to be backward compatible with MoCA 2.0 and MoCA 1.1, and adds MoCA protected setup (MPS), Management Proxy, Enhanced Privacy, Network wide Beacon Power, and Bridge detection.[16] MoCA Access is intended for multiple dwelling units (MDUs) such as hotels, resorts, hospitals, or educational facilities. It is based on the current MoCA 2.0 standard which is capable of 1 Gbit/s net throughputs, and MoCA 2.5 which is capable of 2.5 Gbit/s.[17]
MoCA 3.0
The MoCA 3.0 standard has been released[when?] and increases the maximum throughput to 10 Gbit/s. However, as of 2021 no MoCA 3.0 products are available.[18]
^Zhou, Shujia; Song, Yingxiong; Lin, Rujian (2011-09-25).FTTB multimedia access solution based on MoCA technology. 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on Communication Technology. pp. 1037–1040.doi:10.1109/ICCT.2011.6158037.
