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Mulam language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kam–Sui language spoken in north Guangxi
For Mulao, aKra language ofGuizhou, seeMulao language (Kra).
Mulam
Native toChina
RegionLuocheng County,Hechi, NorthernGuangxi
Ethnicity210,000 (2000 census)[1]
Native speakers
86,000 (2005)[1]
< 10,000 monolinguals
Language codes
ISO 639-3mlm
Glottologmula1253
ELPMulam

TheMulam language (Chinese:仫佬;pinyin:Mùlǎo) is aKam–Sui language spoken mainly inLuocheng County,Hechi, NorthernGuangxi by theMulao people. The greatest concentrations are in Dongmen and Siba communes. Theirautonym ismu6 lam1.[2] The Mulam also call themselveskjam1, which is probably cognate withlam1 and theDong people's autonym "Kam" (Wang & Zheng 1980).

Phonology

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The Mulam language, likeDong, does not have voiced stops, but does have a phonemic distinction between unvoiced and voiced nasals and laterals. It has a system of eleven distinctvowels. It is a tonal language with tentones, and 65% of its vocabulary is shared with theZhuang and Dong languages.[citation needed]

Dialects

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The following Mulam dialects are listed in Wang & Zheng (1980) (all of which are spoken inLuocheng Mulao Autonomous County).

  • Dongmen 东门镇 (in Dayin 大银, Dafu 大福村, Le'e 勒俄村 etc.); documented in detail by Wang & Zheng (1980)
  • Long'an 龙岸镇 (in Liangsi 良泗, etc.)
  • Huangjin 黄金镇 (in Zhongjian 中间寨, etc.); documented in Qiu (2004)[3]
  • Qiaotou 桥头镇 (in Dongnong 洞弄屯, etc.)
  • Siba 四把镇 (in Dawu 大梧, Miao'er 苗儿屯, Shuangzhai 双寨村, etc.); documented in Guangxi (2008)[4]
  • Xiali 下里乡 (in Xiecun 谢村, etc.)

The following comparison of Mulam dialects is from Ni Dabai (2010:221-222).[2][5]

English glossChinese glossQiaotou 桥头Huangjin 黄金Siba 四把Dongmen 东门Long'an 龙岸
dietai1tai1pɣai1tai1tai1
medicineta2ta2kɣa2-tsa2
intestines肠子taːi3taːi3kɣaːi3khɣaːi3tsaːi3
cloudma3ma3kwa3kwa3fa3
bran细糠pwa6pwa6kwa6kwa6fa6
dogm̥a1m̥a1ŋwa1ŋ̥wa1m̥a1
hair, fur毛发pəm1pəm1pɣam1pɣam1kjam1

References

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  1. ^abMulam atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^abSeeProto-Tai language#Tones for an explanation of the tone codes.
  3. ^Qiu Jing [岳静]. 2004. Huangjinzhen Mulaoyu gaikuang [黄金镇仫佬语概况].Minzu Yuwen 民族语文 2004(4).
  4. ^Guangxi Minority Languages Orthography Committee. 2008.Vocabularies of Guangxi ethnic languages [广西民族语言方音词汇]. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House [民族出版社].
  5. ^Ni Dabai [倪大白]. 2010.侗台语概论 [An introduction to Kam-Tai languages]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].ISBN 978-7-105-10582-3

Further reading

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  • Edmondson, Jerold A. and David B. Solnit, eds.Comparative Kadai: Linguistic studies beyond Tai. Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics, 86. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington, 1988.
  • 王均, 郑国乔 / Wang Jun, Zheng Guoqiao. 仫佬语简志 / Mulao yu jian zhi (A Sketch of Mulao [Mulao]). Beijing: 民族出版社: 新華書店发行 / Min zu chu ban she: Xin hua shu dian fa xing, 1980.
  • Zheng, G. 1988. The influences of Han on the Mulam language. In Edmondson, Jerold, A (ed). Comparative Kadai: Linguistic Studies Beyond Tai. SIL International Publications in Linguistics.
  • Thurgood, G. Tai-Kadai and Austronesian: The Nature of the Historical Relationship University of Hawaiʼi Press. Oceanic Linguistics. 1962–2012.
  • "The Mulam Ethnic Group." MSD China. Web. 1 May 2016.

External links

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