Muḥammad Ali Mungeri | |
|---|---|
| FirstChancellor of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama | |
| In office 26 September 1898 – 19 July 1903 | |
| Preceded by | "office created" |
| Succeeded by | Masihuzzaman Khan |
| Personal life | |
| Born | (1846-07-28)28 July 1846 |
| Died | 13 September 1927(1927-09-13) (aged 81) |
| Children | Minnatullah Rahmani (son) |
| Notable work(s) | Ā'īna-e-Islām,Sāti' al-Burhān,Barāhīn-e-Qāti'ah,Faisla Āsmāni,Shahādat-e-Āsmāni |
| Alma mater | Mazahir Uloom |
| Relatives | Wali Rahmani (grandson) |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Founder of | |
Muḥammad Ali Mungeri (28 July 1846 – 13 September 1927) was an Indian Muslim scholar who was the founderNadwatul Ulama and first chancellor of itsDarul Uloom, a major Islamic seminary inLucknow. He extensively wrote againstChristianity andAhmadiyya. His books includeĀ'īna-e-Islām,Sāti' al-Burhān,Barāhīn-e-Qāti'ah,Faisla Āsmāni andShahādat-e-Āsmāni.
Muḥammad Ali was a student ofAhmad Ali Saharanpuri and an authorized disciple of Fazl Raḥmān Ganj Murādābādi. He resigned from the Nadwatul Ulama in 1903 and shifted toMunger where he established the Khānqah Raḥmāniya. His sonMinnatullah Rahmani was among the founders of theAll India Muslim Personal Law Board and his grandsonWali Rahmani established the institution ofRahmani30.
Muḥammad Ali Mungeri was born on 28 July 1846 inKanpur.[1] Hisism (given name) was Muḥammad Ali. Hisnasab (patronymic) is: Muḥammad Ali ibn Abd al-Ali ibn Ghaws Ali ibn Rāhat Ali ibn Amān Ali ibn Nūr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Umar ibn Āshiq Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Shah ibn Atīqullah ibn Qutbuddīn ibn Makhdūm Abu Bakr ibn Bahā al-Haqq Habībullah Multāni ibn Ḥasan ibn Yūsuf ibn Jamāl al-Haqq ibn Ibrāhim ibn Rāji Ḥāmid ibn Mūsa Aḥmad Shibli ibn Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan ibn Abu Saleh ibnAbd al-Razzāq ibnAbdul Qadir Jilani.[1]
Muḥammad Ali studied theQuran with his uncle Zahoor Ali and the primary books ofPersian with Abd al-Wāhid Balgrāmi.[2] He was among the early students of the Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam in Kanpur. He studied there with Ināyat Aḥmad Kākori, Sayyid Ḥussain Shah and Lutfullah Aligarhi; however left his studies incomplete as his mother insisted him to marry.[3] Aged 22, Muḥammad Ali was married inMohiuddinpur, where he stayed for two years. Meanwhile his teacher Lutfullah Aligarhi had moved toAligarh where he continued his teaching circle at the Madrasa Jāmi' Masjid. Muḥammad Ali shifted to Aligarh and completed his remaining course with Lutfullah Aligarhi.[3] He completed studying rational sciences with Lutfullah and then studied theSihah Sittah with him.[4] He went toMazahir Uloom in 1293AH where he stayed withAhmad Ali Saharanpuri for nine months and studied theSihah Sittah,Muwatta Imam Muḥammad andMuwatta Imam Malik with him.[5][6] Muḥammad Ali was an authorized disciple ofShah Fazl-e-Rahman Ganj Muradabadi inSufism.[7]
Muḥammad Ali started to teach in Dulāri Masjid in Kanpur. Impressed by his teaching method, he was invited by the rector of Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam to teach there. Muḥammad Ali taught there for few months and fell ill and discontinued teaching.[8] Earlier he had taught at thismadrasa for about two years before travelling toSaharanpur, where he studied with Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri.[8]
In 1893, during the annual congregation of the Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam, a group of scholars unanimously decided that a permanent council of scholars be formed and its meeting be followed in the next year.[9] They named the council asNadwatul Ulama and Muḥammad Ali was appointed as its first manager.[9] According to Habībur Raḥmān Khān Sherwāni, Muḥammad Ali was the first person who thought of establishing the institution of Nadwa.[9] InMuharram 1313 AH, he presented his sketch of the Darul Uloom, and five months later, he presented the draft of its educational curriculum, namedMusawwada-e Nisāb-e-Arabi.[10] His sketch of the Darul Uloom was unanimously accepted in April 1896 in the meet of the Nadwatul Ulama atBareily.[11] He is thus referred as the prime founder of the Nadwatul Ulama and itsDarul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, one of the major Islamic seminaries in India.[12] He applied for resignation inRajab 1313 AH, however it was not approved, and HakīmAbdul Hai Hasani was appointed as his helper.[13] His resignation was approved on 19 July 1903.[14] He then shifted permanently toMunger.[15]
In 1901, Muḥammad Ali established the Khanqah Rahmāniya in Munger.[12][16] He gave religious and spiritual discourses there. Hismurids (pupils) inSufism count about fourlakh.[17] He wrote a short treatise on Sufism, entitledIrshād-e-Raḥmāni.[18]
Muḥammad Ali started a newspaperManshūr-e-Muḥammadi in 1289AH to curb the spread ofChristianity among Indian Muslims. The literature of Christian missionaries Munshi Safdar Ali and Imāduddīn was getting quite famous in that time. ThroughManshūr-e-Muḥammadi, Muḥammad Ali wrote in defense ofIslam and invited Christian missionaries to debate, who did not reply, and it helped the Muslims with weak faith, to stay upon the religion of Islam.[19] The newspaper stopped after five years as Muḥammad Ali had gone to complete hishadith studies with Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri.[19] Muḥammad Ali also established the Islamic Orphanage Center in Kanpur to help poor Muslim kids so that they do not fell to Christianity. The center taught the Muslims kids, the skills of craftsmanship, besides education.[20]
Muḥammad Ali authoredMirat al-Yaqīn criticising Christianity. In this book, he defendedRahmatullah Kairanawi'sAe'jāz-e-Īswi, which Imāduddīn had tried to criticize throughHidāyat al-Muslimīn. InMirat al-Yaqīn, Muḥammad Ali claimed that the Christian scholars accept that theBible has been distorted, and whatever Kairanwi had written was right.[21]
In 1297 AH, Muḥammad Ali wroteĀ'īna-e-Islām as a response to Safdar Ali'sNayā Zamāna. He wroteTarāna-e-Hijāzi in 1295 AH andDaf'a at-Talbisāt in 1302 AH. He later wroteSāti' al-Burhān andBarāhīn-e-Qāti'ah.[22] He also authoredPaighām-e-Muḥammadi, as a response to Safdar Ali'sNayā Zamāna andAdm Zarūrat-e-Qur'ān of Thakur Das. The book is spread over two volumes and is considered Muḥammad Ali's major work.[22]
Muḥammad Ali was among the prominent Muslim scholars who debated with theAhmadis. He authored more than one hundred books and articles against them.[23] He wroteFaisla Āsmāni in three volumes.[24] His other books on this includeShahādat-e-Āsmāni,Chashma-e-Hidāyat,Me'yār-e-Sadāqat,Haqīqat al-Masīh andTanziyah Rabbāni.[25]
Muḥammad Ali died on 13 September 1927.[12] His sonMinnatullah Rahmani was among the founding figures of theAll India Muslim Personal Law Board.[26] His grandsonWali Rahmani founded theRahmani30 institute.[27]
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