| Muchundi Mosque | |
|---|---|
 The mosque in 2010 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Sunni Islam |
| Rite | Šāfiʿī |
| Ecclesiastical or organizational status | Mosque |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | Kuttichira,Kozhikode district,Kerala |
| Country | India |
  Location of the mosque inKerala | |
| Coordinates | 11°14′31″N75°46′36″E / 11.24194°N 75.77667°E /11.24194; 75.77667 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Mosque architecture |
| Style | Kerala-Islamic |
| Completed | 13th century |
| Inscriptions | Two |
TheMuchundi Mosque (Malayalam:മുച്ചുന്തിപ്പള്ളി), also known as theMuccunti Palli, and formerly known as theMuchiyan/Machinde/Muchandi Palli,[1] is aŠāfiʿīmosque, located atKuttichira, in theKozhikode district in the state ofKerala, India. Kuttichira is the medieval Muslim quarter in the city of Calicut.[2][3][4] The mosque is situated south ofMishkal Mosque, Kuttichira Tank, and the Kuttichira Jum'ah Masjid. The mosque does not conduct thejum'ah prayers – the special noon service on Friday that all adult, male, free Muslims are obliged to attend.
Built in theKerala-Islamic style, the mosque does not haveminarets, domes, or arches. The ceiling of the mosque contains elaborate calligraphy of theQur'anic verses, decorated with carved flowers on the side.[5] It is reasonable to assume that thefoundations have supported one of the oldest mosques in Kozhikode.[5][3]
The Muchundi Mosque has a granite inscription that dates from the 13th centuryCE.[6] The inscription is the only surviving document recording endowment by aHindu king (the Zamorin of Calicut) to the Muslims of Kerala.[3] The inscription states that the mosque was established by Shahab al-din Raihan. Historians tentatively assume that "Muchiyan" might be the oldMalayalam name given to Raihan by the people of Kozhikode. Raihan must have been a wealthy Arab merchant who settled at Kozhikode.[3][2] A medieval Muslim aristocratic house called "Muchintakam" is situated close to the mosque. A traditionaljaram – a mausoleum/tomb – called "Muchiyante Jaram" is also located near the mosque.[2] The Zamorins of Calicut remained the protectors of the mosque throughout the medieval times. The salary of theqadi of the mosque was paid by from Kozhikode.[5]
The mosque is sometimes associated withShaikh Zain-ud-Din Makhdum II, the 16th century polymath, and the famous author ofTuhafat al-Mujahidin.[7]
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William Logan, former Collector and Magistrate ofMalabar District, made a reference to the Muchundi inscription in his manualMalabar (1887). Logan called the mosque "Machchinde Mosque". The inscription was eventually deciphered by historians M. G. S. Narayanan, M. R. Raghava Warrier and Kunhu Muhammed.[3]
The highly damaged, worn and fragmentary donative inscription is engraved on a granite stone slab.[a] The inscription is undated, but can be positioned on paleographic grounds toc. 13th century CE. The content is divided on functional grounds betweenOld Malayalam andArabic languages. The concluding portion is in Arabic, while the functional portion recording the specific details of the endowment is in Old Malayalam. The script of the Old Malayalam portion isVattezhuthu, a type of medieval script closely related to modernMalayalam andTamil. The letters are not carved into the stone surface – like the usual Kodungallur Chera style – but are raised on the stone in imitation of the standard practice in Islamic inscriptions.[3]
The text is divided into two distinct halves. First half has 32 very short Vattezhuthu lines in Old Malayalam. It describes the assignment of revenues accruing from certain lands for the expenditure of Muchundi Mosque. The inscription mentions two local place names, "Kunnamangalam" and "Pulikkizhu".[3]
According to M. G. S. Narayanan, the old Malayalam (Vatteluttu) portion is translated in English as:[2]
"This is an order of Punturakkon, this is to...by the Officer - in - Attendance (Kettu Viliyan). He ordered that daily expenses of one nazhi [of rice should be] granted to the Muchiyan's Mosque...He ordered that from Kunnamangalam...Pulikkizhu...to the Mosque...future also...Twelve para..."
The Arabic portion, the second half, starts with the opening prayer fromQur'an. It reads that certain Shahab al-din Raihan purchased the piece of land and constructed thereon the mosque, and made provision for itsimam andmua'dhdhin.[3] Z. A. Desai translated the Arabic portion into English as:[8]
"Shahab al-din Raihan was a freed slave (atiq) of the late Mas'ud, purchased ...(?)... out of his own money, land from its owner and constructed thereon this mosque and well and made [provision] for its imam and mua'dhdhin by constructing a big edifice"
Ibn Batutah, a 14th-century traveller, indicated that Shihab-ud-Din Khasaruni was aShah Bandar of the Samoothir of Kozhikode.[5]
Media related toMuchundi Mosque at Wikimedia Commons
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