| Mrs. Miniver | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | William Wyler |
| Screenplay by | |
| Based on | Mrs. Miniver 1939 book (from newspaper columnMrs. Miniver) byJan Struther |
| Produced by | Sidney Franklin |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Joseph Ruttenberg |
| Edited by | Harold F. Kress |
| Music by |
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Production company | |
| Distributed by | Loew's Inc. |
Release dates |
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Running time | 133 minutes[1] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1.34 million[2] |
| Box office | $8.9 million[2] |
Mrs. Miniver is a 1942 Americanromanticwar drama film directed byWilliam Wyler, and starringGreer Garson andWalter Pidgeon. Inspired by the 1940 novelMrs. Miniver byJan Struther,[3] it shows how the life of an unassuming British housewife in rural England is affected byWorld War II. Produced and distributed byMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer, its supporting cast includesTeresa Wright,May Whitty,Reginald Owen,Henry Travers,Richard Ney andHenry Wilcoxon.[4]
Mrs. Miniver was a critical and a commercial success, becomingthe highest-grossing film of 1942 and winning sixAcademy Awards, includingBest Picture,Best Director,Best Actress (Garson), andBest Supporting Actress (Teresa Wright).[5][6] It was the first film centered on World War II to win Best Picture, and the first to receive five acting nominations.[7] The film ranked 40th on theAmerican Film Institute's list of mostinspirational movies. In 2009, the film was selected for preservation in the United StatesNational Film Registry by theLibrary of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
A sequel,The Miniver Story (1950) was made with Greer Garson and Walter Pidgeon reprising their roles.[4]
Kay Miniver lives a comfortable life in Belham, a fictional village outside London. Her devoted husband, Clem, is an architect. They have three children: the youngsters, Toby and Judy, and an older son, Vin, a student atOxford University.
AsWorld War II looms, Vin returns from university and meets Carol Beldon, granddaughter of Lady Beldon from nearby Beldon Hall. Despite initial disagreements, they fall in love. As the war comes closer to home, Vin enlists in theRoyal Air Force, qualifying as a fighter pilot. He is posted to a base near his parents' home and can signal his safe return from operations to his parents by "blipping" his engine briefly as he flies over the house. Vin proposes to Carol in front of his family at home.
Together with other boat owners, Clem volunteers to take his motorboat, theStarling, to assist in theDunkirk evacuation. Early one morning, Kay wanders down to the landing stage and discovers a woundedGerman pilot hiding in her garden. He takes her to the house at gunpoint, where she feeds him, calmly disarms him when he collapses, and calls the police. Soon after, Clem returns home, exhausted, from Dunkirk.
Lady Beldon visits Kay to try to convince her to talk Vin out of marrying Carol on account of her granddaughter's comparative youth at age eighteen and short engagement. Kay reminds her that she, too, had been young when she married her late husband. Lady Beldon concedes defeat. Carol marries Vin, becoming another Mrs. Miniver even though she fears Vin is likely to be killed in action. During an air raid, Kay and her family take refuge in theirAnderson shelter in the garden and attempt to keep their minds off the bombing by readingAlice's Adventures in Wonderland. They narrowly survive as a bomb destroys part of the house. Vin and Carol return from their honeymoon in Scotland and see the damage to the house, but Kay has arranged Vin's room for them.
At the annual village flower show, Lady Beldon disregards the judges' decision that her rose is the winner. Instead, she announces the rose entered by the local stationmaster, Mr. Ballard, named the "Mrs. Miniver" as the winner, with her own Beldon Rose taking second prize. As air raid sirens sound and the villagers take refuge in the cellars of Beldon Hall, Kay and Carol drive Vin to join his squadron. On their journey home, they see a GermanME-110 lose a dogfight and crash. Immediately afterwards, two fighters duel at treetop level. Realizing Carol has been wounded by machine-gun fire from the planes, Kay takes her back to Starlings, where she dies.
The villagers assemble at the bomb-damaged church where their vicar affirms their determination in a sermon. Lady Beldon stands alone in her family's church pew. Vin moves to stand alongside her, united in grief, as the members of the congregation sing "Onward, Christian Soldiers". Meanwhile, visible through the holes in the roof, RAF fighters in "V for Victory" formations depart to face the enemy.
The film entered pre-production in the autumn of 1940, when the United States was still a neutral country. Over the several months the screenplay was written, the U.S. moved closer to war. As a result, scenes were rewritten to reflect Americans' more realistic view of the war. For example, the scene where Mrs. Miniver confronts a downed German pilot in her garden was made more confrontational in each revision. Originally the film was to be shot atMGM's studios in Denham, England but due to the difficulties of the war it was switched toCulver City, California.[9]
Following the Japaneseattack on Pearl Harbor that brought the U.S. into the war, the garden scene was re-filmed to reflect the tough, new spirit of a nation at war. The key difference was that in the new version of the scene, filmed in February 1942, Mrs. Miniver was allowed to slap the pilot across the face. The film was released four months later.[10]
Wilcoxon and directorWilliam Wyler "wrote and re-wrote" the key sermon scene the night before it was shot.[11] The speech "made such an impact that it was used in essence byPresident Roosevelt as a morale builder and part of it was the basis for leaflets printed in various languages and dropped over enemy and occupied territory".[11] Roosevelt ordered the film rushed to the theaters for propaganda purposes.[12] The sermon dialogue was reprinted inTime andLook magazines.[13]
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Mrs. Miniver had a profound impact on British audiences. HistorianTony Judt wrote that it was "a very English tale of domestic fortitude and endurance, of middle-class reticence and perseverance, set symptomatically around the disaster at Dunkirk where all these qualities were taken to be most on display—[it] was a pure product of Hollywood. Yet for the English generation that first saw it the film would long remain the truest representation of national memory and self-image."[14]
OnRotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 93% based on 69 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "An excessively sentimental piece of propaganda,Mrs. Miniver nonetheless succeeds, due largely to Greer Garson's powerful performance."[15]
In 2006, the film was ranked No. 40 on theAmerican Film Institute'slist of the most inspiring American films of all time. In 2009, it was named to theNational Film Registry by theLibrary of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically" significant:[16]
This remarkably touching wartime melodrama pictorials the classic British stiff upper lip and the courage of a middle-class English family (headed by Greer Garson and Walter Pidgeon) amid the chaos of air raids and family loss. The film's iconic tribute to the sacrifices on the home front, as movingly directed by William Wyler, did much to rally America's support for its British allies.[16]
Film criticManny Farber, writing inThe New Republic, registered this response to the picture:
Mrs. Miniver is about an English family which is prissy and fake like all screen families. The five Minivers are all very pretty and behave according toWill Hays and whoever wroteLittle Lord Fauntleroy. Greer Garson makes motherhood seem the profession of impeccable taste and Walter Pidgeon acts the wise father by smoking a pipe, nodding his head knowingly and saying nothing…The older son is a mother’s delight fromOxford, and the two little Minivers make those irritating and unchildlike smart cracks because it’s the one device known these days for comedy relief in family pictures…the difference between these people and their originals in Jan Struther’s novel is the difference between marshmallows and human beings.[17]
Of the 592 critics polled by American magazineFilm Daily, 555 named it the best film of 1942.[18]
Joseph Goebbels, minister ofNazipropaganda, wrote:
[Mrs. Miniver] shows the destiny of a family during the current war, and its refined powerful propagandistic tendency has up to now only been dreamed of. There is not a single angry word spoken against Germany; nevertheless the anti-German tendency is perfectly accomplished.[19][13]
Presently (in the 21st century) the film is somewhat forgotten. However, it has been argued that this modest melodrama is the film that served humanity the most. Winston Churchill once said that this film had done more for the war effort than a flotilla of destroyers.[20][better source needed]
In 1942Variety wrote in its review:
In its quiet yet actionful way, is, probably entirely unintentionally, one of the strongest pieces of propaganda against complacency to come out of the war. Not that it shows anything like the result of lack of planning by governments or individuals, but in that it brings so close to home the effects of total war.[21]
Mrs. Miniver exceeded all expectations, grossing $5,358,000 in the US and Canada and $3,520,000 abroad. In theUnited Kingdom, it was named the top box office attraction of 1942. The initial theatrical release earned a profit of $4,831,000, making it MGM's most successful film to that time.[2][22]
| Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards[23] | Best Picture | Sidney Franklin (forMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer) | Won |
| Best Director | William Wyler | Won | |
| Best Actor | Walter Pidgeon | Nominated | |
| Best Actress | Greer Garson[c] | Won | |
| Best Supporting Actor | Henry Travers | Nominated | |
| Best Supporting Actress | May Whitty | Nominated | |
| Teresa Wright | Won | ||
| Best Adapted Screenplay | George Froeschel,James Hilton,Claudine West andArthur Wimperis | Won | |
| Best Cinematography – Black-and-White | Joseph Ruttenberg | Won | |
| Best Film Editing | Harold F. Kress | Nominated | |
| Best Sound Recording | Douglas Shearer | Nominated | |
| Best Special Effects | A. Arnold Gillespie,Warren Newcombe andDouglas Shearer | Nominated | |
| National Board of Review Awards | Top Ten Films | Mrs. Miniver | Won |
| Best Acting | Greer Garson(also forRandom Harvest) | Won | |
| Teresa Wright | Won | ||
| National Film Preservation Board | National Film Registry | Mrs. Miniver | Inducted |
| New York Film Critics Circle Awards | Best Actress | Greer Garson | Nominated |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
