_(2).jpg) Soldier Field circa 1963 | |
| Location | Chicago, Illinois |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 41°51′44″N87°37′00″W / 41.8623°N 87.6167°W /41.8623; -87.6167[1] |
| Capacity | 100,000+ (total stadium capacity)[2] |
| Owner | Chicago Park District[3] |
| Broke ground | August 11, 1922[3] |
| Opened | October 9, 1924 (as stadium)[3] May 19, 1935 (first race on track) |
| Closed | July 4, 1970 (final race on track) –venue still in use for other purposes |
| Architect | Holabird & Roche[3] |
| Major events | Past: AAA and USAC Stock Car USAC National Midget Series NASCAR Cup Series (untitled race) NASCAR Convertible Division IMCA Stock Car |
| Surface | Cinder (before 1941) Wood (temporarily, in 1939) Clay (1941–1946) Asphalt (1946 onwards) |
| Length | 0.25 and 0.5 mi (0.40 and 0.80 km) |
| Turns | 4 |
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From the 1940s until 1968,Soldier Field (a stadium in theUnited States city ofChicago) was regularly used as anmotorsport venue. During this time, the stadium had ashort track, which was first used for auto racing in 1935 and was last used in 1970.
Motorsport at Soldier Field began at the stadium's opening event on September 5, 1924, an athletics meet for the Chicago Police Benevolent Association which featuredmotoball (motorcycle polo) as an event.[3][4] However, motorsport races did not occur at the stadium until the following decade. In the 1930s, acinder track was erected inside of the stadium.[5] The first auto racing event held at the stadium occurred in 1935.[3][6] The track remained cinder until 1941.[7] However, in June 1939, a temporary wooden racetrack was built withbanked turns for use in a single event. In 1941, the track was turned into a clay ("dirt") track,[8][6][9] before ultimately being paved with asphalt in 1946.[5][8] Several types of motorsports used this track.[5][8]
Racing paused at the venue after the summer of 1942 amid theUnited States' entrance intoWorld War II.[6][10] This hiatus was a result of wartime fuel restrictions and the refocusing of the United States auto industry on manufacturing military vehicles.[10] After the war, themidget car racing that had previously been held at the stadium returned, accompanied by the arrival ofstock car racing.[10] The track was paved in 1946 when the newly-founded Chicago Auto Racing Association, headed byArt Folz, began hosting regular midget automobile races on the track.[6]
Originally, the stadium's track was quarter-mile oval.[6] In 1956, the track was extended to have a half-mile oval layout, with the track extending further into the north end of the stadium.[11] In 1961, the track layout was paved to restore use of this secondary half-mile oval arrangement. At this time, a separate eighth-mile go-kart track was also built in the north end of the stadium.[12]
In the 1940s and 1950s, Soldier Field was one of the United States' most popular motorsport venues.[13] In 1947, auto races were held nearly every weekend from June until the end of September.[3] In the 1950s, racing events held at the stadium often attracted in excess of 20,000.[3] It was not uncommon for attendance to even surpass 30,000 spectators[5] or reach 40,000.[8] The races proved to be popular outings for families.[3] At this time,Andy Granatelli was a key promoter of races at the racetrack, regularly organizing races at the stadium.[5][8] In 1956 and 1957,NASCAR held several races at the venue.[13] No races were held at the stadium in 1959, due to the stadium being used to host the1959 Pan American Games.[6][14] No races were held in 1965, as promoters Bill Schade and Carl Bledsoe decided to stop organizing races at the track after the 1964 season. In 1966, however Bill Earnest began organizing further races at the stadium.[7]
Tom Pistone won the most races at the track, winning 38 events.[14] Several successful drivers launched their careers on Soldier Field's racetrack. For instance,Jim Rathmann launched his racing career at Soldier Field in 1948. He would later win theIndy 500 in1960.[3]
Accidents occasionally took place.[8] The 1951 Chicago Park District Police Benevolent Association Gold Trophy Race sawJoe Lacoco andRalph Castillio become seriously injured in a three car wreck and be taken to a hospital.[15] In a May 2, 1954 "tag racing" event, two cars caught fire. The track crew was fast to put out the fire. A June 6, 1954 event saw a car at a racing event hit a barricade and knock several timbers loose without causing any serious damage or injury.[3] In a June 1956 race, a car being driven byLes Olsen rolled over twice on its side and on its end three times, before being struck by a car driven bayRoy Czach and then crashing into the track's south turn. In a July 1950 race, two individuals were injured when a stock car driven byHarry Bennett crashed through a steel gate behind which the two individuals were standing.[8] Andy Granatelli has been accused of having encouraged stock-car racers to intentionally wreck other drivers' cars in order to manufacture greater action for spectators.[5][8]
Racing largely ceased after the 1968 season.[8] Factors that had contributed to the end of auto racing at the track was a decline in the appeal that the races had to Chicagoans. Chicagoans' with attention was being diverted to other sports. Furthermore, the successful Granatelli was no longer serving as promoter for races at Soldier Field.[14] Furthermore, by this time, a number of competing short track racing venues had opened in the Chicago area.[16] On July 4, 1970, Soldier Field's final auto racing event on the stadium's track took place, withdrag races being organized during theAmerican Legion's annualIndependence Day celebrations.[3] Later that year, the track was removed from the stadium.[14][17] In 1971, theChicago Bears of theNFL moved into Soldier Field,[18] and the stadium's stands were reconfigured with temporary northern stands in order to better accommodate American football.[3] This arrangement of the stadium would not be able to accommodate a racing track.[14] This configuration was made permanent in a 1979 renovation that built a permanent northern stand for football that cut-off much of the northern expanse of the original stadium layout.[7]
For decades, Soldier Field had a tradition of midget car racing. This began on May 19, 1935, when midget racing starMarshall Lewis won the main event of the first racing event held at the stadium. 20,000 spectators watched theMidwestern Auto Racing Association race on the stadium's cinder track.[3][6][7][19] Some minor racing events were held thereafter, however the next significant race occurred in 1939.[7]
In June 1939, theAAA Contest Board held the World's Championship Midget Automobile Race, the second-ever instance of midget racing at the stadium. Races were held on a wooden track erected at the stadium. Proceeds benefited the Hospital for Crippled Children's Chicago Unit. There was a $10,000 purse for the five-race series. Over 90,000 spectators attended the event. This was the second time that midget racing was held at Soldier Field.Sam Hanks won the first two races, andRonnie Householder ultimately won Soldier Field's 1939 midget racing championship held as the finale of the event.[3][6][10][7][20][21][22] The race saw the temporary erection and use of the largest wooden oval ever constructed up to that time. The 0.25-mile (0.40 km) wooden oval measured 28 feet (8.5 m) in track width and had a 6 feet (1.8 m) field apron.[8][7] It had banked 30° turns, and engineers estimated that drivers could race on it at speeds of 100 miles per hour (160 km/h).[8] The oval cost $25,000 to erect. Proceeds from the race benefited the Shriners’ Hospital for Crippled Children Chicago Unit.[6]
After World War II, the stadium's track became a "hotbed" for midget racing.[6] In 1946, the Chicago Auto Racing Association began hosting regular midget automobile races at the stadium.[6] In 1948,Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland, a member of theSwedish royal family, drove a midget car around the track for fun while in Chicago on an official visit.[23][24] July 23, 1954, the stadium hosted the midget auto racing 100 Lap National Championship. Racers includedTony Bettenhausen,Duke Nalon,Art Cross,Mike Nazurek,Frank Burany,Roy Newman,Gene Hartley,Jimmy Knight,Cal Niday,Johnny Roberts,Jack Bates, among others.[3] A midget racing event the night of July 20, 1957 was one of the earliest at Soldier Field to be televised.[3] On August 14, 1955, the track held aAAA National Midget Car Series race, which was won byChuck Rodee.[25] On July 23, 1966,Mike McGreevy won the lastUnited States Auto Club midget feature race held at Soldier Field.[6] The final season of midget racing at the stadium, in 1968, saw races hosted by theUnited Auto Racing Association.[6]
| Year | Winner | Attendance |
|---|---|---|
| 1939 | Ronnie Householder | |
| 1941 | 40,000 | |
| 1946 | Ted Duncan | |
| 1947 | Ted Duncan | |
| 1948 | Johnny McDowell | |
| 1949 | Eddie Haddad | |
| 1950 | Potsy Goacher |
SeveralUSAC National Midget Car Series races were held at Soldier Field between 1957 and 1964.
| Date | Winner |
|---|---|
| June 8, 1957 | Frank Burany |
| July 27, 1957 | Frank Burany |
| June 29, 1960 | Leroy Warriner |
| July 9, 1960 | Gene Hartley |
| June 27, 1960 | Leroy Warriner |
| June 3, 1961 | Jimmy Davies |
| July 1, 1961 | Tommy Copp |
| August 11, 1962 | Ronnie Duman |
| June 8, 1963 | Johnny Riva |
| June 6, 1964 | Tommy Copp |
Stock car racing was introduced to the track in 1950.[6] Stock car races were held until June 7, 1968, whenSal Tovella won what was the last stock car race at Soldier Field.[26][14]
Many stock car races held at Soldier Field werelate model races.[27][28]
Winners of the track's annual stock car championships:[20]
Note: In 1967, the championship was organized by theUnited States Auto Club.[20]
Winners of the track's annual rookie/novice stock car championships:[20]
To accommodate NASCAR races, a new half-mile track layout was added to the stadium in 1956 by adding new paved track to the north end of the stadium.[11]
NASCAR Convertible Division races were held at Soldier Field in both 1956 and 1957 at Soldier Field.[29][30][14] A race on June 30, 1956 was the first NASCAR Convertible Division race at the stadium, and sawTom Pistone (in what was the biggest win of his career up-to-that-time) place first overCurtis Turner by three car-lengths after overtaking Turner (who had led since the start of the race) in the 194th lap.[8][13][31] This race was the first race on Soldier Field's half-mile layout.[11] Women's world land speed record holderBetty Skelton was selected to drive thepace car during this race.[11] 38,000 sawTom Pistone win.[14] The "Soldier Field 500"/“Chicagoland 500” was held on September 9, 1956, featuring an unprecedentedly large purse and distance for a convertible division race.[32] On June 29, 1957, NASCAR held another Convertible Division event at Soldier Field, withGlen Wood winning the 100-lap race overPossum Jones.[13][3][14][25] This was the final NASCAR event held at Soldier Field.[13][14]
| Date | Winner | Laps | Distance | Attendance | Duration | Average speed | Margin-of-victory | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 30, 1956 (Soldier Field 100) | Tom Pistone | 200 | 100 miles | 38,000 | 1:34:46 | 63.316 mph | 3 car-lengths | [14][34] |
| September 9, 1956 (Chicagoland 500) | Curtis Turner | 500 | 250 miles | 17,585–20,000 | 3:36:24 | 69.316 mph | 1 lap+ | [35][36] |
| June 29, 1957 | Glen Wood | 100 | 50 miles | [37] |
On July 21, 1956,Fireball Roberts won what is today regarded to have been the only NASCAR Grand National Series (today'sNASCAR Cup Series) race held at the stadium's short track. Roberts beatJim Paschal, but only by one car-length. Roberts passed Paschal only in the 194th lap out of 200 laps total. The order that drivers came in following Roberts then Paschal wasRalph Moody,Speedy Thompson,Frank Mundy,Buck Baker,Bill Champion,Paul Goldsmith,Joy Fair,Lee Petty,Bob Esposito,Frank Edwards,Bill Massey,Chuck Mesler,Al Watkins,Sal Tovella,Billy Myers,Herb Thomas,Darvin Randahl,Fred Lorenzen,Bob Chauncey,Tom Pistone,Bill Vesler,Kenny Paulsen,Ray Crowley.[3][17][38] This was the first NASCAR Cup race to be held in Chicago.[8] The race was the 33rd event of the1956 NASCAR Grand National Series schedule, and was contested by twenty-five drivers. While this was not a particularly large field, some of the season's largest stars were among the competitors. Ten cars failed to finish, with many of these being sidelined due to brake issues.[16] The race used the stadium's half-mile track configuration.[9] At 200 laps, the race's length was 100 miles.[39] Attendance at the race was 14,402.[8]
On June 15, 1957, Soldier Field's annual Chicago Park District Police Benevolent Association Gold Trophy Race was sanctioned by NASCAR as a 50-lap short track race under that banner.[40] While it considered to be a Grand National event at the time it was held, in the 2010s the race did not appear on NASCAR's retrospective lists of Grand National events that were held in the1957 NASCAR Grand National Series. The race was won byBill Brown.[3]
| Date | Winner | Laps | Length | Attendance | Duration | Average speed | Margin-of-victory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 21, 1956 | Fireball Roberts | 200 | 100 miles | 14,402 | 1:38:18 | 61.037 mph | 1 car-length |
At the time it was held, the June 2, 1956 Chicago Park District Police Benevolent Association Gold Trophy Race was sanctioned by NASCAR as a race in the NASCAR Short Track Division.[25][42][43] In 1956, Soldier Field hosted NASCAR Hobby Division races,[44] including the September 1, 1956, NASCAR Hobby Division Championship.[45]
TheUSAC Stock Car Series sanctioned eight short-track stock car events at the stadium in 1967.[6][25] Prior to this, a single USAC Stock Car Series race had been held at Soldier Field in 1961.[25]
| Date | Winner | Laps | Length | Duration | Attendance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 17, 1961 | Les Snow | 30 | 7.5 miles | 12:22.28 | 11,225 | [46] |
| June 3, 1967 | Don White | 30 | ||||
| June 17, 1967 | Don White | |||||
| June 22, 1967 | Jack Bowsher | |||||
| July 8, 1967 | Norm Nelson | |||||
| July 13, 1967 | Norm Nelson | |||||
| July 15, 1967 | Don White | |||||
| August 5, 1967 | Don White | |||||
| August 12, 1967 | Norm Nelson |
In 1967, theInternational Motor Contest Association held twoIMCA Stock Car races at Soldier Field.[25]
| Date | Winner | Laps |
|---|---|---|
| June 24, 1967 | Ramo Stott | 75 |
| July 29, 1967 | Ramo Stott | 100 |
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The SAFE Circuit of Champions All Stars, the predecessor to the NASCAR Convertible division,[47] held stock convertible races at Soldier Field in 1953 and 1954.[25]
On July 30, 1954 Soldier Field hosted the Circuit of Champions National Championship for late model stock cars. The primary event was a 120-lap race,[3] which was wonBob Pronger won the 120-lap race before a crowd of 11,586. With a time of 41:15.06, Pronger beat-outBill Cornwall, andMason Bright.[27]
In 1955, a 100-lap Circuit of Champions All Stars race was scheduled to be held at Soldier Field, but was twice prevented from starting due to rain, first on July 23 and then on August 6.[48]
| Date | Winner | Attendance | Laps | Winner's time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 27, 1953 | Don Oldenberg | 100 | |||
| June 10, 1954 | Pat Kirkwood | 14,878 | 100 | 35:03.16 | [49] |
| July 30, 1954 | Bob Pronger | 11,586 | 120 | 41:15.06 | [27] |
| August 29, 1954 | Mason Bright | 150 |
On July 18, 1958, a 100-lap MARC Racing Series race held at Soldier Field was won byFred Lorenzen.[25]
On June 2, 1968,George Kladis andBill Kollman won 20-lapUnited Auto Racing Association feature races at Soldier Field.[6]
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From 1946 through 1958, Soldier Field annually hosted theChicago Park District's Police Benevolent Association Gold Trophy Race. The event regularly attracted large crowds, and was often the year's best-attended race at the stadium. The event regularly saw political, television, and radio personalities of Chicago present the trophies, such as MayorRichard J. Daley in 1955.[6] Its proceeds benefited the widows and orphans of deceased park policemen and a general insurance fund for all park policemen.[40][50] The event was organized by the Chicago Auto Racing Association.[51]
More than 30,000 tickets were sold to the 1954 race.[3]
The early editions of the race were held using midget race cars. Later editions used stock cars.
| Year | Winner | Attendance | Type of vehicles | Number of laps | Winner's time | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | Ted Duncan | Midget | [52][53][54] | ||||
| 1947 | Frank Buraney | 32,552 | Midget | 50 | 14:16.18 | Set new 50-lap record for track | [55][56] |
| 1948 | Midget | 60 | [57] | ||||
| 1949 | Midget | 75 | [54] | ||||
| 1950 | Potsy Goacher | 35,223 | Midget | 100 | 29:03.63 | [58][59][60][61] | |
| Bill Moore | Stock car | 25 | 9:17.02 | ||||
| 1951 | Tom Pistone | 43,722 | Stock car | [6][15] | |||
| 1952 | Gilbert “Skippy” Michaels | 47,853 | Stock car | 25 | [6][62] | ||
| 1953 | Gene Marmor | 38,079 | Stock car | 25 | 8:39.42 | [6][63] | |
| 1954 | Larry Odo | 50,000+ | Stock car | [6][64] | |||
| 1955 | Gene Marmor | 60,000 | Stock car | [6][65] | |||
| 1956 | Darel Dieringer | 45,000 | Stock car | 35 | Sanctioned byNASCAR under "Short Track Division" banner | [6][25][42][66] | |
| 1957 | Tom Pistone | Stock car | 50 | Sanctioned byNASCAR under "Grand National Series" banner | [6][40][67] | ||
| 1958 | Don Oldenberg | 50,000+ | Stock car | [6][68] |
In July 1947, 25,000 spectators attended the firsthot rod event at Soldier Field.[6] In August 1947, 24,000 attended a day ofhot rod races at the stadium sponsored by Granatelli.[3] 1947 races featured members of theHurricane Hot Rod Association.[69] Hot rod racings did not attain lasting prominence at the track, quickly being eclipsed by the popularity of stock car races at the venue.[6]Pat Flaherty won the hot rod division of Soldier Field's 1949 racing championship.[20] Despite being eclipsed by stock car racing, Hot Rods would still race at the stadium for several years.[70] On July 25, 1954 Soldier Field hosted the Hurricane Hot Rod Association Mid-Season Championship.[6]
Following World War II, the stadium held manyopen-wheel races.[13] The stadium also held "tag racing" events[3] anddemolition derbies.[8]
TheInternational Motorcycle Association held a month ofmotorcycle races at Soldier Field beginning July 4, 1934. Further motorcycle races would be held at the stadium over the years as parts of police sport meets and during stunt shows.[3]
In 1953,Joie Chitwood brought his "Tournament of Thrills" racing event to the stadium, which included both races and motorsport stunts.[71] A 1964 event at the stadium, which also featured races and stunts, was similarly titled the "Tournament of Thrills".[3]
In both 2005 and 2006 Soldier Field's parking lot was used forFormula DRIFT races.[72][73] In 2009, the parking lot was used for aD1GP race.[74][75]
During the 1964 "Tournament of Thrills", motorcycle stunts were performed at the stadium.[3]
Soldier Field also hostedtractor pulling events.[76] In the early-to-mid 1980s saw the US Hot Rod Association host Truck and Tractor Sled Pull Competitions and Monster Truck exhibitions here. The engines on some of the vehicles would echo through the skyscrapers in downtown Chicago as they made their pull. Damage to the stadium turf on a few of the event occasion's led USHRA to move events to the Rosemont Horizon (known today asAllstate Arena).[citation needed]
On June 8, 2019, the grounds surrounding Soldier Field hosted the Emirates F1 Chicago Festival, an event promoting theFormula 1 racing series and including a demonstration of a Formula 1 vehicle on a street adjacent to the stadium.[77]