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Moscow Armistice

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(Redirected fromMoscow armistice)
1944 peace treaty between the USSR and Finland which ended the Continuation War
Moscow Armistice
The areas ceded byFinland to theSoviet Union after theContinuation War.Porkkala was returned to Finland in 1956.[1]
TypeBilateral treaty
Signed19 September 1944 (1944-9-19)
LocationMoscow,Russian SFSR,USSR
Parties
Ratifiers
  •  Soviet Union
  •  United Kingdom
  •  Finland

TheMoscow Armistice[2] was signed betweenFinland on one side and theSoviet Union andUnited Kingdom on the other side on 19 September 1944, ending theContinuation War. The Armistice restored theMoscow Peace Treaty of 1940, with a number of modifications.

Thefinal peace treaty between Finland and many of theAllies was signed inParis in 1947.

Conditions for peace

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Finnish and Soviet officers gather for negotiations on September 5, 1944

The conditions for peace were similar to what had been agreed in theMoscow Peace Treaty of 1940: Finland was obliged to cede parts ofKarelia andSalla, as well as certain islands in theGulf of Finland. The new armistice also handed all ofPetsamo to the Soviet Union, and Finland was further compelled to leasePorkkala to the Soviet Union for a period of fifty years (the area was returned to Finnish control in 1956).[1] Territories ceded to the Soviet Union constituted approximately 11.50% (44,106.23 km2) of Finland's territory (382,561.23 km2) prior to the Winter War and the Continuation War as dictated by the Treaty of Tartu.

Other conditions included Finnish payment of nearly $300,000,000 ($5.4 billion in today's US dollars) in the form of various commodities over six yearsto the Soviet Union as war reparations.[3] Finland also agreed to legalise theCommunist Party of Finland (after it had made some changes to the party rules) and ban parties that the Soviet Union consideredfascist.[4] Further, the individuals that the Soviets considered responsible for the warhad to be arrested and put on trial, the best-known case being that ofRisto Ryti.[5] The armistice compelled Finland to drive German troops from its territory, leading to amilitary campaign in Lapland.

Surrendered territory

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Municipalities annexed by the Soviet Union [fi]
Municipality
of Finland		Russian Cyrillic namekm2Sq milesPart of present-day
populated place in Russia		Notes
AntreaКаменногорск486.4302.23Kamennogorsk
HarluХарлу252.6156.96Kharlu [ru]
Heinjoki [fi]Хейнйоки342.1212.57Veshchevo
HiitolaХийтола464288.32Khiytola
ImpilahtiИмпилахти904561.72Impilahti
JaakkimaЯккима501.9311.87Yakkima
JohannesСоветский217.6135.21Sovetsky
KanneljärviПобеда246.3153.04Pobeda
KaukolaСевастьяново293.7182.5Sevastyanovo
KirvuСвободное695.22432Svobodnoye
KivennapaПервомайское650.52404.21Pervomayskoye
Koivisto [fi]Койвистон283.1175.91Primorsk
KuolemajärviПионерское400248.55Pionerskoye
Kurkijoki [fi]Куркийоки539.5335.23Kurkiyoki [ru]
Käkisalmi [fi]Какисалмен188.54117.15Priozersk
Lumivaara [fi]Лумиваара292.4181.69Lakhdenpokhsky District
Metsäpirtti [fi]Метсапиртти186.9116.13Zaporozhskoye
Muolaa [fi]Муолаа750.02466.04Pravdino
Petsamo [fi]Печенгский10,4706,505.76Pechengsky District
PyhäjärviПюхаярви522324.35Otradnoye
RautuРауту339.6211.02Sosnovo
Ruskeala [fi]Рускеала519322.49Ruskeala
RäisäläРайсала492.95306.30Melnikovo
SakkolaСаккола349.4217.11Gromovo
SalmiСалми1,423884.21Salmi
Soanlahti [fi]Соанлахти504313.17Suoyarvsky District
Sortavala [fi]Сортавалан690.88429.3Sortavala
Suistamo [fi]Суистамо1,623.801,009Suoyarvsky District
Suojärvi [fi]Суоярви3,688.402,292Suoyarvsky District
Terijoki [fi]Терийоки122.4276.07Zelenogorsk
UusikirkkoУусикиркко641.70398.73Polyany
Valkjärvi [fi]Валкъярви400248.55Michurinskoye
ViipuriВыборг613.93381.48Vyborg
VuokselaВуоксела13583.88Vuoksela
VuoksenrantaВуоксенранта300.22186.55Ozyorskoye
Äyräpää [fi]Эуряпяя205.7127.82Baryshevo

See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"Return of Porkkala by Soviets 50 years ago had strings attached".Helsingin Sanomat. 25 January 2006.
  2. ^Armistice Agreement between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, on the one hand, and Finland on the other
  3. ^"HS Home 3.9.2002 – Last war reparation train crossed Finnish-Soviet border 50 years ago". 2012-02-06. Archived fromthe original on 2012-02-06. Retrieved2022-09-19.
  4. ^(in Finnish) Jukka Nevakivi (2006) Jatkosodasta nykypäivään. (From Continuation War to Today. In: Suomen poliittinen historia 1809–2006. WSOY, Helsinki
  5. ^Jakobson, Max (former Finnish Ambassador to the UN)Finnish wartime leaders on trial for "war guilt" 60 years agoHelsingin Sanomat International edition, 28 October 2005

Further reading

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  • Malbone W. Graham. (1945). "Armistices – 1944 Style".The American Journal of International Law39, 2: 286–95.

External links

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