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Moscow Conference (1943)

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Summit of WWII Allies

TheThird Moscow Conference between the majorAllies ofWorld War II took place during October 18 to November 11, 1943, at theMoscow Kremlin andSpiridonovka Palace. It was composed of major diplomats, ministers and generals, who discussed cooperation in the war effort, and issued theMoscow Declaration.

History

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A series of twelve meetings took place between the foreign ministers of theUnited Kingdom (Anthony Eden), theUnited States (Cordell Hull), and theSoviet Union (Vyacheslav Molotov), resulted in theMoscow Declarations and the creation of theEuropean Advisory Commission.^[1] During the Moscow Conference of 1943, theSoviet Union finally came to agreement with theUnited States and its allies to create a world organization.^[1] The Ambassador ofRepublic of China in the Soviet Union,Foo Ping-sheung, was invited to sign theDeclaration of the Four Nations.

Among those who also attended for the United States were Ambassador of the United StatesW. Averell Harriman, Major GeneralJohn R. Deane of the United States Army,Green H. Hackworth, andJames C. Dunn; for the United Kingdom, His Majesty's AmbassadorSir Archibald Clerk Kerr,William Strang, andLt. General Sir Hastings Ismay; for the Soviet Union, the Marshal of the Soviet UnionJoseph Stalin,K. E. Voroshilov,A. Y. Vyshinski, Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign AffairsM. M. Litvinov, Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Trade V. A. Sergeyev, Major-General A. A. Gryslov of the General Staff, and Senior Official of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs G. F. Saksin.^[2]

1943 Soviet Diplomatic visa issued in the US to attend the Moscow Conference.

Objectives of the conference

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The Third Moscow Conference was one of the first times in which foreign ministers of theUnited States, theUnited Kingdom, and theSoviet Union could meet and discuss important global matters. Here, they discussed what measures needed to be taken in order to shorten and end the war with Germany and the Axis Powers, as well as how to effectively collaborate and cooperate peacefully through this period marking the end of the war. TheMoscow Declaration, officially issued by the foreign ministers of United States PresidentFranklin Roosevelt, Prime MinisterWinston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and PremierJoseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, defined how these issues would be dealt with. It included four sections,Declaration of Four Nations on General Security,Declaration Regarding Italy,Declaration on Austria, andStatement on Atrocities.

Also during the Moscow Conference, agreements were made to establish aEuropean Advisory Commission to make recommendations for the three joint governments and an Advisory Council regarding Italy – along with Greece and Yugoslavia.

In the case of Italy, the declaration stated that Fascism must be utterly destroyed in Italy, that all fascists should be barred from participation in public life and that "democratic organs" of local government should be created within Italy by the occupying powers.

In the case of Austria, the German annexation of Austria in 1938 was declared null and void. But the people of Austria as a whole were held responsible in the declaration for participation in the war on the side of Germany.^[2]

In the "Statement on Atrocities", it was declared that after any armistice with the present or a future German government, that those German individuals suspected of involvement in wartime atrocities in various countries would be sent to those countries for trial and punishment.

Notes

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^^a ^bPubantz & Moore 2008, Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers.
^^a ^bConference delegates 1944, pp. 3–8.

References

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Pubantz, Jerry; Moore, John Allphin Jr. (2008),"Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers",Encyclopedia of the United Nations, Modern World History (Second ed.), New York: Facts on File, retrieved29 January 2010(subscription required)
Conference delegates (January 1944). "Supplement: Official Documents".Great Britain—Soviet Union—United States: Tripartite Conference in Moscow. Vol. 38. American Society of International Law. pp. 3–8.doi:10.2307/2214037.JSTOR 2214037.S2CID 246003952.{{cite book}}:|journal= ignored (help)

v t e Diplomatic history of World War II
Conferences	U.S.–British Staff Conference (1941) First Inter-Allied Conference (1941) Atlantic Conference (1941) Second Inter-Allied Conference (1941) First Moscow Conference (1941) Arcadia Conference (1941– 1942) Third Inter-Allied Conference (1942) Second Washington Conference (1942) Second Moscow Conference (1942) Casablanca Conference (1943) Adana Conference (1943) Third Washington Conference (1943) First Quebec Conference (1943) Third Moscow Conference (1943) Cairo Conference (1943) Greater East Asia Conference (1943) Tehran Conference (1943) Second Cairo Conference (1943) Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference (1944) Bretton Woods Conference (1944) Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) Second Quebec Conference (1944) Fourth Moscow Conference (1944) Malta Conference (1945) Yalta Conference (1945) United Nations Conference on International Organization (1945) Potsdam Conference (1945) Fifth Moscow Conference (1945)
Declarations and treaties	Munich Agreement (1938) Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (1939) Pact of Steel (1939) Anglo-Thai Non-Aggression Pact (1940) Destroyers-for-bases deal (1940) Franco-Italian Armistice (1940) Moscow Peace Treaty (1940) Tripartite Pact (1940) Declaration of St James's Palace (1941) Anglo-Soviet Agreement (1941) Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre (1941) Atlantic Charter (1941) German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship (1941) Paris Protocols (1941) Declaration by United Nations (1942) Punishment for War Crimes (1942) Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942 (1942) Armistice of Cassibile (1943) Cairo Declaration (1943) Moscow Declarations (1943) Declaration of the Four Nations Treaty between the United States and China for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China Sino-British Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China (1943) Moscow Armistice (1944) Nuremberg Charter (1945) Potsdam Agreement (1945) Potsdam Declaration (1945) United Nations Charter (1945) Paris Peace Treaties (1947) Treaty of San Francisco (1951) Austrian State Treaty (1955) Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (1990)
Organizations	Anglo-French Supreme War Council Sino-American Cooperative Organization European Advisory Commission Council of Foreign Ministers
Related	German Instrument of Surrender Japanese Instrument of Surrender

v t e Soviet Union–United States relations
Diplomatic posts	Embassy of the Soviet Union, Washington, D.C. Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States Soviet ambassador's residence Embassy of the United States, Moscow Ambassadors of the United States to the Soviet Union Spaso House Consulate-General of the Soviet Union, New York City John Henry Hammond House Consulate-General of the Soviet Union, San Francisco Elmcroft Estate Lothrop Mansion Pioneer Point Permanent Mission of the Soviet Union to the United Nations Killenworth Russian Soviet Government Bureau Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
Diplomacy	Lend-Lease Lend-Lease Sherman tanks Moscow Conference (1941) Moscow Conference (1942) Moscow Conference (1943) Declaration of the Four Nations Moscow Conference (1944) Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference Tehran Conference Moscow Conference (1945) Stalin Note Berlin Conference (1954) Geneva Summit (1955) Lacy-Zarubin Agreement United States restitution to the Soviet Union State visit by Nikita Khrushchev to the United States United Nations Security Council Resolution 135 Dartmouth Conference Vienna summit Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament Moscow–Washington hotline Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Glassboro Summit Conference Détente Linkage Bion program Kosmos 782 Kosmos 936 Kosmos 1129 Kosmos 1514 Kosmos 1667 Kosmos 1887 Kosmos 2044 TOPAZ nuclear reactor Moscow Summit (1972) Washington Summit (1973) 1973 United States–Soviet Union wheat deal Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions Geneva Conference (1973) Moscow Summit (1974) Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control NATO Double-Track Decision Zero Option Geneva Summit (1985) Reykjavík Summit Washington Summit (1987) Geneva Accords (1988) Moscow Summit (1988) Governors Island Summit US/USSR Joint Statement on Uniform Acceptance of Rules of International Law Governing Innocent Passage Malta Summit Helsinki Summit (1990) Madrid peace conference letter of invitation European Advisory Commission Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls Council for American–Soviet Trade Council of Foreign Ministers
Cold War	Origins Timeline 1947–1948 1948–1953 1953–1962 1962–1979 1979–1985 1985–1991 Espionage Cold War in Asia Cold War tensions and the polio vaccine Nuclear arms race Space Race Timeline United States war plans (1945–1950) U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation Active Measures Working Group Air-to-air combat losses between the Soviet Union and the United States CIA activities in the Soviet Union Containment Rollback Red Scare The Moscow rules Seven Days to the River Rhine Sheldon names Strategic Defense Initiative United States aerial reconnaissance of the Soviet Union Bomber gap Missile gap NSC 68 Smolensk Archive Soviet Military Power Operation Shocker Plan Totality Nitrophenyl pentadienal Venona project Operation Anadyr Operation Breakthrough Operation Cedar Operation Chrome Dome Operation Cyclone Operation Dropshot Operation Giant Lance Operation Gold Operation Denver Operation Ivy Bells Operation Keelhaul Operation Lincoln Operation Monopoly Operation RYAN Operation Safe Haven (1957) Operation Sunrise 7th Air Escadrille Project Azorian Project Coldfeet Project Dark Gene Project Genetrix Project Grab Bag Project HOMERUN Project Moby Dick Project Mogul Project Hula
Incidents	Sisson Documents Turkish Straits crisis Welles Declaration Gorin v. United States Atomic spies Baruch Plan Iran crisis of 1946 Niš incident Berlin Blockade Kasenkina Case Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. Hollow Nickel Case Moscow Signal Capture of the Tuapse We will bury you Kuzma's mother Sputnik crisis Berlin Crisis of 1958–1959 1958 C-130 shootdown incident 1960 U-2 incident 1960 RB-47 shootdown incident Transfermium Wars Arrest of Mark Kaminsky and Harvey Bennett Martin and Mitchell defection Shoe-banging incident Berlin Crisis of 1961 1961 F-84 Thunderstreak incident Cuban Missile Crisis Crateology SS Metallurg Anosov Ich bin ein Berliner 1964 T-39 shootdown incident Pan Am Flight 708 Seaboard World Airlines Flight 253A Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair Aeroflot Flight 244 Gambell incident Project Azorian Soviet submarine K-129 (1960) Feodor Fedorenko Siberian Seven United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union 1980 Summer Olympics boycott Yellow rain Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline Evil Empire speech Korean Air Lines Flight 007 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident Able Archer 83 Autumn Forge 83 1984 Summer Olympics boycott We begin bombing in five minutes Arthur D. Nicholson John Anthony Walker 1986 Black Sea incident Soviet submarine K-219 Karl Linnas Tear down this wall! Yeniseysk-15 1988 Black Sea bumping incident Chicken Kiev speech
Military relations	Allied Control Council Allied Kommandatura Allied technological cooperation during World War II ALSIB Arctic convoys of World War II Berlin Victory Parade of 1945 Elbe Day Four Policemen Four Power Naval Commission Four-Power Authorities GIUK gap Line of Contact Military liaison missions Northwest Staging Route Pacific Route Persian Corridor Persian Gulf Command Warsaw airlift Tripartite Naval Commission Eisenhower Doctrine Truman Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Stimson Doctrine Bell P-63 Kingcobra Belorussia-class cargo ship SS Dakotan SS Indigirka SS Iowan Tupolev Tu-4 Tupolev Tu-70 Tupolev Tu-80 USCGC Southwind USS West Bridge United States and the Russian Revolution American Expeditionary Force, North Russia American Expeditionary Force, Siberia North Russia intervention Siberian intervention
Legislation	Russian Famine Relief Act Executive Order 8484 Jackson–Vanik amendment Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993
Treaties	Moscow Declarations Potsdam Agreement Wanfried agreement McCloy–Zorin Accords Outer Space Treaty Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space Four Power Agreement on Berlin Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes U.S.–Soviet Incidents at Sea agreement Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War Threshold Test Ban Treaty Strategic Arms Limitation Talks National technical means of verification Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord USSR–USA Maritime Boundary Agreement Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany START I Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
Organizations	American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia Ark Project American National Exhibition Kitchen Debate American Peace Mobilization American Relief Administration American Russian Institute American University speech American–Soviet friendship movement American-Soviet Peace Walks Amerika (magazine) Amtorg Trading Corporation And you are lynching Negroes Androgynous Peripheral Attach System Anglo-American School of Moscow Anglo-American School of St. Petersburg Ansonia Clock Company Apollo–Soyuz Apollo-Soyuz (cigarette) Center for Citizen Initiatives Communist Party USA Dewey Commission Institute for US and Canadian Studies International Conference of Laser Applications International Cospas-Sarsat Programme International Publishers Kennan Institute Kersten Committee Freedom Sunday for Soviet Jews Friends of Soviet Russia Foundation for Social Inventions Gennady Alferenko Friendship Flight '89 Friendship Flight (Alaska Airlines) Fund for Armenian Relief National Committee for a Free Europe National Council of American–Soviet Friendship Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia Russian-American Industrial Corporation Russian War Relief Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry Society for Technical Aid to Soviet Russia Soviet Government Purchasing Commission in the U.S. U.S. Commission on the Ukraine Famine U.S. Peace Council
Related	Russian Empire–United States relations Russia–United States relations Russian Embassy School in Washington, D.C. 1972 Olympic men's basketball final 1976 Philadelphia Flyers–Red Army game 1989 visit by Boris Yeltsin to the United States Baltic Freedom Day Bush legs Captive Nations Captive Nations Week GAZ Goodwill Games Glasnost Bowl Little Joe Miracle on Ice New world order (politics) Pushinka Refusenik SAGE Self-propelled barge T-36 Shvetsov M-25 Super Series Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War Sovfoto Triangular diplomacy U.S.–Soviet Space Bridge US vs. USSR radio chess match 1945 USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet Series Uzel White Coke World Chess Championship 1972 X Article Yardymly Russian Life Soviet Interview Project Soviet submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Comparison of the AK-47 and M16 Bobby Fischer Georgi Bolshakov Samantha Smith Roswell Garst Suzanne Massie Who's Who in the CIA Eagles East The Admiral's Daughter Deep Black The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr. West in the Land of the Bolsheviks Stalingrad Free to Be... a Family "In Soviet Georgia" Red Wave "Ordinary People"
Category:Soviet Union–United States relations

United Nations Charter

Text

Organs created

History

Background	Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Versailles Covenant of the League of Nations
Preparation	London Declaration (1941) Atlantic Charter (1941) Declaration by United Nations (1942) Moscow Conference (1943) Tehran Conference (1943) Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) Yalta Conference (1945) Conference on International Organization (1945)
Signatories	Original members