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Morris Raphael Cohen

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American philosopher and lawyer (1880–1947)

Morris Raphael Cohen (Belarusian:Мо́рыс Рафаэ́ль Ко́эн; July 25, 1880[a] – January 28, 1947) was an Americanjudicial philosopher,lawyer, andlegal scholar who unitedpragmatism withlogical positivism and linguisticanalysis. This union coalesced into the "objective relativism" fermenting atColumbia University before and during the early twentieth-century interwar period.[2] He was father toFelix S. Cohen and Leonora Cohen Rosenfield.

Life and career

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Morris Raphael Cohen
Born(1880-07-25)July 25, 1880
Minsk,Imperial Russia (present-day Belarus)
DiedJanuary 28, 1947(1947-01-28) (aged 66)
Education
EducationCity College of New York
Harvard University
Philosophical work
Era20th-century philosophy
RegionWestern philosophy
Main interestsLegal philosophy

Cohen was born inMinsk,Imperial Russia (present-dayBelarus), the son of Bessie (Farfel) and Abraham Mordecai Cohen. He moved with his family to New York, at the age of 12. He attended theCity College of New York andHarvard University, where he studied underJosiah Royce,William James, andHugo Münsterberg. He obtained aPhD fromHarvard in 1906.[3]

He was Professor of Philosophy at CCNY from 1912 to 1938. He also taught law at City College and theUniversity of Chicago 1938-41, gave courses at theNew School for Social Research, and lectured in Philosophy and Law atColumbia,Cornell, Harvard,Stanford,Yale, and other universities.

Cohen was legendary as a professor for his wit, encyclopedic knowledge, and ability to demolish philosophical systems. "He could and did tear things apart in the most devastating and entertaining way; but...he had a positive message of his own", saidRobert Hutchins.Bertrand Russell said of Cohen that he had the most original mind in contemporary American philosophy.[4]

In 1923 he edited and penned an introduction to a collection ofCharles Sanders Peirce essays entitledChance, Love and Logic.[5]

In the 1930s, Cohen helped give CCNY its reputation as the "proletarian Harvard," perhaps more than any other faculty member. He advocatedliberalism in politics but opposedlaissez-faire economics.[6] Cohen also defendedliberal democracy and wrote indictments of bothfascism andcommunism.[7] Cohen's obituary in theNew York Times called him "an almost legendary figure in American philosophy, education and the liberal tradition".[7]

From his work,Reason and Nature:

To be sure, the vast majority of people who are untrained can accept the results of science only on authority. But there is obviously an important difference between an establishment that is open and invites every one to come, study its methods, and suggest improvement, and one that regards the questioning of credentials as due to wickedness of heart, such asCardinal Newman attributed to those who questioned the infallibility of the Bible. . . . Rational science treats its credit notes as always redeemable on demand, while non-rationalauthoritarianism regards the demand for the redemption of its paper as a disloyal lack of faith.

On May 3, 1953, under PresidentBuell G. Gallagher, the City College Library was dedicated to and named for Morris Raphael Cohen.[8]

Cohen helped,[9] with Professor Salo W. Baron, organize theConference on Jewish Relations to study modern Jewry scientifically; he also edited its quarterly journalJewish Social Studies.[10]

Cohen died on January 28,1947 inWashington, D.C.[11][12]

According to Richard T. Hall, he was buried inMount Zion Cemetery inMaspeth, New York.[13]

Main works

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  • Reason and Nature (1931, rev. 1953), his major philosophical work.
  • Law and the Social Order (1933)
  • An Introduction to Logic and the Scientific Method, withErnest Nagel (1934)
  • The Faith of a Liberal (1945)
  • A Preface to Logic (1945)
  • The Meaning of Human History (1947)
Published posthumously
  • A Dreamer's Journey (1949), his autobiography.
  • Reason and Law (1950)
  • American Thought, a Critical Sketch (1954)

Notes

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  1. ^Arriving in New York City in 1892 and "obliged to indicate his date of birth, Cohen chose 25 July because it was the approximate date of his arrival in his new country. His parents were unable to specify even the year of his birth, but agreed upon 1880 in order to justify Cohen’s bar mitzvah in 1893, which was to take place at the end of his thirteenth year."[1]

References

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  1. ^Hollinger, David A. (2000).Cohen, Morris Raphael (25 July 1880?–28 January 1947), philosopher and educator. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.2000196.ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7.
  2. ^Cahoone, Lawrence (2017). "The Metaphysics of Morris R. Cohen: From Realism to Objective Relativism".Journal of the History of Ideas.78 (3):449–471.doi:10.1353/jhi.2017.0025.PMID 28757489.S2CID 33434862.
  3. ^Morris Raphael Cohen at theMathematics Genealogy Project
  4. ^Holmes-Laski Letters. Edited by Mark DeWolfe Howe. Harvard UniversityPress, 1953 (p. 483).
  5. ^Chance, Love, and Logic Philosophical Essays. University of Nebraska Press. 1998. p. iv.
  6. ^Cohen,The Faith of a Liberal: Selected Essays by Morris R. Cohen. H. Holt and Company, 1946 (p. 110).
  7. ^abThe Jew in the American World: a source book.Edited by Jacob Rader Marcus. Wayne State University Press, 1996, (pp. 317-22).ISBN 0-8143-2548-3
  8. ^Rosenfield, Leonora Davidson Cohen "Who Was Morris Raphael Cohen?"The City College Alumnus, v. 76 #2, December 1980, p. 8-9.
  9. ^"Morris Raphael Cohen | Encyclopedia.com".www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved2021-01-13.
  10. ^Konvitz, Milton R.Nine American Jewish Thinkers. Transaction Publishers. p. 23.ISBN 978-1-4128-2977-9.
  11. ^Hollinger, David A. (2000)."Cohen, Morris Raphael (25 July 1880?–28 January 1947), philosopher and educator".American National Biography. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.2000196.ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7.
  12. ^see also:"Cohen, Morris Raphael ."Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. and"Cohen, Morris Raphael ."West's Encyclopedia of American Law. viaEncyclopedia.com.
  13. ^Hull, Richard T. (1999). "Biography: Morris Raphael Cohen".Presidential addresses of the American Philosophical Association, 1921-1930. Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic. p. 532.ISBN 978-0-7923-6042-1 – via Internet Archive.

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