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MorphOS

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Amiga-compatible computer operating system
Operating system
MorphOS
MorphOS 3.18 showing the Ambient desktop
DeveloperThe MorphOS Development Team
Written inC,C++,Objective-C++,Pascal,Python,Perl,Amiga E,Ruby,Lua
OS familyAmigaOS-like
Working stateCurrent
Source modelClosed source (withopen source[1] components)
Initial release0.1 / August 1, 2000; 25 years ago (2000-08-01)
Latest release3.19 / January 18, 2025; 10 months ago (2025-01-18)
Available in19 languages
Supported platformsPegasos, some models ofAmiga,Efika,Mac Mini G4,eMac,Power Mac G4,PowerBook G4,iBook G4,Power Mac G5,SAM 460,AmigaOne X5000
Kernel typeMicro/pico[2]
Default
user interface		Ambient
LicenseProprietary withGNU GPL Ambient user interface
Official websitewww.morphos-team.net

MorphOS is anAmigaOS-likeoperating system designed forPower andPowerPC based computers. The core, based on theQuarkmicrokernel, isproprietary, although several libraries and other parts areopen source, such as the Ambient desktop.

The project began in 1999 and it was produced for thePegasos computer, as well as PowerUP accelerator equipped Amiga computers, and a series ofFreescale development boards that use theGenesi firmware, including theEfika andmobileGT. Since then MorphOS has been ported toApple'sMac mini,eMac,Power Mac G4 and limited support forPower Mac G5. It is binary compatible with software written forMotorola 68k-basedAmiga computers.[3]

History

[edit]
This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2024)
Amiga family development tree

The project began in 1999, based on theQuarkmicrokernel.[4] The earliest versions of MorphOS ran only via PPC accelerator cards on the Amiga computers, and required portions ofAmigaOS to fully function.[5] A collaborative effort between the companies bPlan (of which the lead MorphOS developer is a partner) and Thendic-France in 2002 resulted in the first regular, non-prototype production of bPlan-engineered Pegasos computers capable of running MorphOS or Linux.[6][7] Thendic-France had financial problems and folded; however, the collaboration continued under the new banner of "Genesi".[8][9] A busy promotional year followed in 2003, with appearances at conventions and exhibitions in several places around the world, including theConsumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas.[10]

After some bitter disagreements within the MorphOS development team in 2003 and 2004, culminating with accusations by a MorphOS developer that he and others had not been paid,[11] the Ambient desktop interface was released underGPL[12][13] and is now actively developed by the Ambient development team. Subject to GPL rules, Ambient continues to be included in the commercial MorphOS product. An alternative MorphOS desktop system isScalos.[14]

Characteristics and versions

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Developed for PowerPCCPUs fromFreescale andIBM, it also supports the originalAmigaOSMotorola 68000 series (68k, MC680x0) applications via proprietary task-based emulation, and most AmigaOS PPC applications via API wrappers. It isAPI compatible with AmigaOS 3.1 and has aGUI based on theMagic User Interface (MUI).

Besides the Pegasos version of MorphOS, there is a version for Amiga computers equipped withPowerUP accelerator cards produced byPhase5. This version is free, as is registration. If unregistered, it slows down after each two-hour session. PowerUP MorphOS was most recently updated on 23 February 2006; however, it does not exceed the feature set or advancement of the Pegasos release.[15][16]

A version of MorphOS for theEfika, a very small mainboard based on the ultra-low-powerMPC5200B processor from Freescale, has been shown at exhibitions and user gatherings inGermany.[17] Current (since 2.0) release of MorphOS supports the Efika.

Software

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See also:List of MorphOS bundled applications

MorphOS can run any system friendly Amiga software written for 68k processors. Also it is possible to use 68k libraries or datatypes on PPC applications and vice versa. It also provides compatibility layer for PowerUP andWarpUP software written for PowerUP accelerator cards. The largest repository isAminet with over 75,000 packages online with packages from all Amiga flavors including music, sound, and artwork. MorphOS-only software repositories are hosted atMorphOS software,MorphOS files andMorphOS Storage. MorphOS is delivered with severaldesktop applications in the form ofpre-installed software.

Components

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System architecture

ABox

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ABox is an emulation sandbox featuring a PPC native AmigaOS API clone that is binary compatible with both 68k Amiga applications and bothPowerUP andWarpOS formats of Amiga PPC executables. ABox is based in part onAROS Research Operating System. ABox includesTrance JIT code translator for68k native Amiga applications.

Other

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Ambient

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Ambient
A screenshot of the desktop with a panel on the bottom
Original authorDavid Gerber
DeveloperAmbient Open Source Team
Initial release2005; 20 years ago (2005)[18]
Stable release
1.1599 / June 8, 2008; 17 years ago (2008-06-08)[19]
Written inC
Operating systemMorphOS
TypeDesktop environment
LicenseGNU General Public License
Websitemorphosambient.sf.net

Ambient is the built-inMUI-baseddesktop environment for MorphOS,[20] the development was started in 2001 by David Gerber. Its main goals were that it should be fully asynchronous, simple and fast.[21] Ambient remotely resemblesWorkbench andDirectory Opus Magellan trying to mix the best of both worlds.

Features

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Ambient does not strictly follow the Amiga Workbench interface paradigm but there are still many similarities: while programs are called tools, program attributes are called tooltypes, data files are projects and directories are drawers.

  • support forARexx scripting language
  • defaulticon library for hundreds of fileformats
  • fully asynchronous,multi-threaded design
  • fast asynchronous file I/O functions and file notifications
  • support forPNG and otherAmiga icon formats
  • built-in icon, workbench and wbstart libraries
  • built-in applications likedisk formatting and commodities manager
  • panels which are used as program launchers

Ambient is localised for various languages and while it is an intrinsic part of MorphOS, it is also available separately. There are various visual effects in Ambient that take advantage of hardware accelerated visual effects within MorphOS.[22]

Desktop icons

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The native icon format in Ambient is PNG, but there is built-in support for other Amiga icon formats. Ambient introduced a special icon format calledDataType Icons where the icon is simply any image file renamed to include the.info extension. Those icons are read using theAmiga DataType system.

Original Amiga iconsMagicWBNewIconsGlowIconsGlowIcons32DT IconsPNGDualPNGSVG
Colours4825625616M16M16M16M16M
Alpha blendingNoNoNoNoYesYesYesYesNot sure
Icon size——36×4046×4646×46128×128128×128128×128128×128
Second state imageYesYesYesYesYesNoNoYesNo
Embedded metadataYesYesYesYesYesNoYesYesNot sure

Development status

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In 2005, David Gerber released Ambient source code underGPL[18] and it is now developed by the Ambient development team.

Supported hardware

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Amiga

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Apple

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Genesi/bPlan GmbH

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ACube

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A-Eon Technology

[edit]

Version history

[edit]

Release history of 0.x/1.x series

[edit]
VersionRelease dateNotes
0.1August 1, 2000Amiga
0.2October 17, 2000Amiga
0.4February 14, 20013rd Release[24]
0.5May 1, 2001Amiga
0.8August 2001Amiga, Pegasos I
0.92002beta[25]
1.014 October 2002Pegasos I
1.1December 13, 2002Pegasos I
1.2February 9, 2003Pegasos I
1.3March 27, 2003Pegasos I
1.4August 7, 2003Pegasos I
1.4.4March 28, 2005Pegasos I/II
1.4.5April 30, 2005Pegasos I/II
1.4.5August 25, 2005Amiga[26]

Release history of 2.x/3.x series

[edit]
VersionRelease dateNotes
2.0June 30, 2008Added support for Efika 5200B platform; native TCP/IP stack, an updated Sputnik release, AltiVec support, alphacompositing 3D layers for the graphical user interface, new USB components (including USB 2.0 support), new screenblankers, and Reggae, a new, modular, streaming multimedia framework[27]
2.1September 6, 2008Support for the Efika's audio[28]
2.2December 20, 2008TrueCrypt-compatible disk encryption suite[29]
2.3August 6, 2009Origyn Web Browser as the default browser, read only HFS+file system support[30]
2.4October 12, 2009Added support for Mac mini G4; write support for Mac HFS disks, new charsets.library to provide better multilingual application support[31]
2.5June 4, 2010Added support for eMac G4; drivers forSiI3x1x based 2-portSerial ATA PCI cards[32]
2.6October 10, 2010Added support for Power Mac G4; 2D drivers forRage 128 Pro graphics cards; Released at precisely 10.10.10 10:10[33]
2.7December 2, 2010Improving support for Power Mac G4 platforms[34]
3.0June 8, 2012Added support for PowerBook G4; performance improvements[35]
3.1July 8, 2012Bug-fix release[36]
3.2May 27, 2013Added support for further PowerBook G4 models, iBook G4 and Power Mac G5 model A1047; 3D drivers for RadeonR300 based cards, wireless networking viaAtheros chipset, major overhaul of TCP/IP stack ("NetStack") – improving networking performance[37]
3.3September 18, 2013Fixes support for some iBook G4 models[38]
3.4December 14, 2013Improved R300 3D and G5 video playback performance, support for non-native display resolutions on various PowerBook models[39]
3.5February 15, 2014Support forPowerMac7,2 Power Mac G5 models[40]
3.6June 27, 2014Broadcom Wi-Fi support, AMD R400 support, SMBFS file system, VNC server and a Synergy client[41]
3.7August 3, 2014Bug-fix release[42]
3.8May 15, 2015Support forSam 460 series of mainboards; basic drivers for Radeon HD series graphics cards, 4K displays in native resolution[43]
3.9June 19, 2015Bug-fix release[44]
3.10March 25, 2018Extended hardware support (AmigaOne X5000 mainboard; new SATA controllers, network controllers, scanners and graphics cards), Flow Studio IDE with built-in debugger, support for time zones, new fonts, new themes, vector graphics, including SVG icons, overall bug fixes and performance improvements[45]
3.11July 6, 2018Bug-fix release[46]
3.12October 2, 2019Dual monitor support for select hardware, improved thermal management for select hardware, newFireWire stack, support for more printers and scanners, upgradedOdyssey browser with HTTP/2 and TLS 1.3 and spell checking support, substantial upgrades and new features to Flow Studio IDE, UTF-8 support in MUI, ObjFW runtime with Automatic Reference Counting[47]
3.13February 7, 2020Bug-fix release[48]
3.14October 4, 2020Kernel improvements for threading, improved TCP/IP network stack threading support, improved unix emulation layer, Magic User Interface improvements, improved ObjectiveC framework, improved translations for various languages, updated open source components for various libraries and classes, numerous bug fixes. Introduces ScoutNG system monitoring application[49]
3.15December 31, 2020Bug-fix release[50]
3.16March 9, 2022Added notification system and email client Iris,[51] replaced Odyssey web browser with Wayfarer web browser, added new application switcher. Improvements for Synergy client, added sharedopenSSL 3 library. Includes hundreds of bug fixes[52]
3.17May 1, 2022Bug-fix release[53]
3.18May 13, 2023New features: Scriptable Hex/RAM/Disk editor, ArchiveIt archiver/unarchiver application, better cooling information display via Thermals application, Samba2/3 support, including integration with Ambient desktop. Extensive improvements to Radeon drivers and improvements to Realtek 8168 driver support. Issues in USB support for CyrusPlus 5040 systems has been corrected. Many system components and libraries have been bugfixed and improved, including MUI, Netstack and Filesysbox.[54]
3.19Jan 18, 2025Bug-fix release[55]

MorphOS 2 includes a nativeTCP/IP stack ("Netstack") and a Web browser, Sputnik orOrigyn Web Browser.[56] Sputnik was begun under a user community bounty system[57] that also resulted in MOSNet, a free, separate TCP/IP stack for MorphOS 1 users. Sputnik is a port of the KHTML rendering engine, on whichWebKit is also based. Sputnik is no longer being developed and was removed from later MorphOS 2 releases.

All TCP/IP stacks
All TCP/IP stacks

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^"MorphOS - Source Code Releases".
  2. ^"Basic Kernel Information".MorphOS Home Page. Archived fromthe original on 2007-07-09. Retrieved2007-03-21.
  3. ^By (2023-02-28)."MorphOS: A Modern Operating System For PowerPC".Hackaday. Retrieved2024-12-05.
  4. ^"Nový projekt OS: MorphOS".Amiga Review (in Czech). No. 52. Atlantida Publishing. January 2000. p. 7.ISSN 1211-1465.
  5. ^"MorphOS? What's that, then?".Amiga Active. No. 10. Pinprint Publishing. July 2000. pp. 14–17.ISSN 1467-3533.
  6. ^Schröder, Carsten (July 2002). "Pegasos-Verfügbarkeit steht möglicherweise kurz bevor".Amiga Future (in German). No. 37. APC&TCP. pp. 4–5.
  7. ^Dvorak, John C. (2004-04-06). "Inside Track".PC Magazine. Vol. 23, no. 6. Ziff Davis. p. 53.ISSN 0888-8507.
  8. ^"MorphOS Update & Pegasos"(PDF).Total Amiga. No. 14. South Essex Amiga Link. Spring 2003. p. 8.
  9. ^"bplan and Thendic merge to GENESI (update)". Amiga-News.de. November 22, 2002. RetrievedDecember 29, 2016.
  10. ^"Weitere Bilder von der CES 2003" (in German). Amiga-News.de. February 4, 2003. RetrievedDecember 29, 2016.
  11. ^"Unklarheiten bezüglich der Veröffentlichung von MorphOS 1.5 für den Pegasos" (in German). Amiga-News.de. November 15, 2004. RetrievedDecember 29, 2016.
  12. ^"Ambient source code under GPL released". Amiga-News.de. January 22, 2005. RetrievedDecember 29, 2016.
  13. ^Gerber, David (2005-01-22)."Ambient, the MorphOS desktop, becomes free".OSNews. Retrieved2024-05-30.
  14. ^Haynes, Chris (March 21, 2007)."Scalos: The Amiga Desktop Replacement". Archived fromthe original on 2018-09-22. Retrieved2007-03-21.
  15. ^Piru (February 23, 2006)."Announcements: Updated MorphOS for PowerUP Users".Amiga.org. Archived fromthe original on 2007-03-14. Retrieved2007-03-21.
  16. ^Holwerda, Thom (August 24, 2005)."MorphOS 1.4.5 Released for Classic Amiga".OSNews. Retrieved2007-03-21.
  17. ^Holwerda, Thom (October 17, 2006)."MorphOS 1.5 Running on Efika to Be Shown".OSNews. Retrieved2007-03-21.
  18. ^ab"Ambient". Retrieved2008-11-21.
  19. ^"Ambient Open Source Team - shorted ambient.notes".morphosambient.sourceforge.net.
  20. ^http://morphos.de/files/src/3.11//ambient.tar.bz2 Source code of MorphOS 3.11
  21. ^Linux: o guia definitivo (in Brazilian Portuguese). jideon francisco marques. 2023-09-08.
  22. ^"MorphOS: The Lightning OS". 2006-11-22. Archived fromthe original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved2010-09-04.
  23. ^Frank Mariak (December 25, 2013)."MorphOS on Apple G4 Cube?". Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved2013-12-25.
  24. ^"New MorphOS 0.4 Release".ann.lu. February 15, 2001. Archived fromthe original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved2016-11-22.Alt URL
  25. ^MorphOS 0.9 video
  26. ^"MorphOS Change Log".morphos-team.net. June 6, 2006. Retrieved2016-11-22.
  27. ^MorphOS 2.0 release notes
  28. ^MorphOS 2.1 release notes
  29. ^MorphOS 2.2 release notes
  30. ^MorphOS 2.3 release notes
  31. ^MorphOS 2.4 release notes
  32. ^MorphOS 2.5 release notes
  33. ^MorphOS 2.6 release notes
  34. ^MorphOS 2.7 release notes
  35. ^MorphOS 3.0 release notes
  36. ^MorphOS 3.1 release notes
  37. ^MorphOS 3.2 release notes
  38. ^MorphOS 3.3 release notes
  39. ^MorphOS 3.4 release notes
  40. ^MorphOS 3.5 release notes
  41. ^MorphOS 3.6 release notes
  42. ^MorphOS 3.7 release notes
  43. ^MorphOS 3.8 release notes
  44. ^MorphOS 3.9 release notes
  45. ^MorphOS 3.10 release notes
  46. ^MorphOS 3.11 release notes
  47. ^MorphOS 3.12 release notes
  48. ^MorphOS 3.13 release notes
  49. ^MorphOS 3.14 release notes
  50. ^MorphOS 3.15 release notes
  51. ^Iris IMAP client
  52. ^MorphOS 3.16 release notes
  53. ^MorphOS 3.17 release notes
  54. ^MorphOS 3.18 release notes
  55. ^MorphOS 3.19 release notes
  56. ^"MorphOS 2.0". Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved2010-06-19.
  57. ^"Morph Bounties".MorphZone. Archived fromthe original on 2007-03-06. Retrieved2007-03-12.

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