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Morotopithecus

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Species of extinct ape from Miocene central Africa

Morotopithecus Temporal range:Miocene,20.6 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

Jaw
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Family:	†Proconsulidae
Genus:	†Morotopithecus Gebo et al., 1997
Species:	†M. bishopi
Binomial name
†Morotopithecus bishopi Gebo et al.,1997^[1]

Morotopithecus is a genus of fossilape discovered inMiocene-age deposits ofMoroto,Uganda.

Thephylogenetic status ofMorotopithecus bishopi is debated to the extent that it challenges established views on the connection between Miocene primates and extanthominids (i.e.great apes).^[2]Parsimonious phylogenetic analyses indicateMorotopithecus is more derived thanProconsul,^[3]Afropithecus, andKenyapithecus, but less derived thanOreopithecus,Sivapithecus, andDryopithecus. Under this arrangement,Morotopithecus would be a sister taxon to extant great apes whileHylobates (gibbons) seem to have branched off before this clade appeared. However, gibbons are believed to have branched off18 million years ago whileMorotopithecus is dated to more than20.6 million years.^[4]

In a comparison of teeth characteristics ofMorotopithecus toAfropithecus the results showed little difference, plus evidence gathered from cranial comparisons also indicate that the two genera may be the same, a conclusion of limited confidence due to the lack of evidence to produce a complete anatomy for both (Patel, Grossman 2005).^[5] Meanwhile, Pickford (2002) referred the vertebrae toUgandapithecus, and consideredMorotopithecus synonymous withAfropithecus.^[6]

It appears to have lived in woodedgrassland, and had a diet dominated by leaves.^[7]

References

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^D. L. Gebo, L. MacLatchy, R. Kityo, A. Deino, J. Kingston, D. Pilbeam (1997)."A hominoid genus from the early Miocene of Uganda".Science.276 (5311):401–404.doi:10.1126/science.276.5311.401.PMID 9103195.Archived from the original on November 10, 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Filler, Aaron G. (10 October 2007)."Homeotic Evolution in the Mammalia: Diversification of Therian Axial Seriation and the Morphogenetic Basis of Human Origins".PLOS ONE.2 (10) e1019.Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1019F.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001019.PMC 2000357.PMID 17925867.
^Maclatchy, L. (2004)."The oldest ape (abstract)".Evolutionary Anthropology.13 (3):90–103.doi:10.1002/evan.10133.Archived from the original on November 14, 2023.
^Young, Nathan M; MacLatchy, Laura (2004)."The phylogenetic position of Morotopithecus".Journal of Human Evolution.46 (2):163–184.Bibcode:2004JHumE..46..163Y.doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.11.002.PMID 14871561.
^Biren A. Patel, Ari Grossman (2006)."Dental metric comparisons ofMorotopithecus andAfropithecus: Implications for the validity of the genusMorotopithecus".Journal of Human Evolution.51 (5):506–512.Bibcode:2006JHumE..51..506P.doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.002.ISSN 0047-2484.PMID 16914180.
^M. Pickford (2002). "New reconstruction of the Moroto hominoid snout and a reassessment of its affinities toAfropithecus turkanensis".Human Evolution.17 (1):1–19.doi:10.1007/BF02436425.
^"Early Apes Lived on Savannas, Not in Forests".Smithsonian Magazine.Archived from the original on October 25, 2023.

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

†Amphipithecidae

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

†Propliopithecidae

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers
Morotopithecus	Wikidata:Q18642042 Wikispecies:Morotopithecus EoL:24195220 GBIF:4827661 IRMNG:1103480 Open Tree of Life:3607709 Paleobiology Database:135928
Morotopithecus bishopi	Wikidata:Q138110 Wikispecies:Morotopithecus bishopi EoL:32001157 GBIF:8497565 Open Tree of Life:6145147 Paleobiology Database:164184

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