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Located in the centre of a region named theVaud orSwiss Riviera (French:Riviera vaudoise), Montreux has been an importanttourist destination since the 19th century due to its mild climate. The region includes numerousBelle Époque palaces and hotels near the shores ofLake Geneva.Montreux railway station is a stop on theSimplon Railway and is a mountain railway hub.
The earliest settlement was a LateBronze Age village at Baugy. Montreux lies on the north east shore of Lake Geneva at the fork in theRoman road from Italy over theSimplon Pass, where the roads to the Roman capital ofAventicum and the road intoGaul throughBesançon separated. This made it an important settlement in theRoman era. A Roman villa from the 2nd-4th centuries and a 6th–7th century cemetery have been discovered.[4]
The name derives from a smallmonastery (Latin:monasteriolum) on the site by the 11th century,[5] which subsequently developed asMustruel,Muchtern (1215),[4]Muistruum (1228),Monstruacum,Mustruz, andMoutru.[5]Viniculture was introduced in the 12th century, and the sunny slopes of the lake fromLavaux to Montreux became an importantwinegrowing region. In 1295, theBishop of Sion sold theparish of Montreux to Girard of Oron. In 1317, it was split between the Lords of Oron (Le Châtelard) and theCounts of Savoy (Les Planches).[4] ABrotherhood of the Holy Spirit administered estates and a hospital in Montreux starting in about 1309.
The region was subject to various princes, most notably the princes ofSavoy from the south side of the lake. They unified the territory which comprises the present canton ofVaud and were generally popular sovereigns.
After theBurgundian Wars in the 15th century, the Swiss inBern occupied the region without resistance, an indication of the weakness of the princes of Savoy. Under Bernese rule (1536–1798) it belonged to theBailiwick of Chillon (renamed in 1735 into the Bailiwick of Vevey).
The Reformation made the region around Montreux andVevey an attractive haven forHuguenots from Italy, who brought their artisanal skills and set up workshops and businesses.
The abbey of Les Echarpes blanches was founded in 1626.[4]
In 1798, the Frenchcaptured the region from the Bernese. In the 19th century, the tourist industry became a major commercial outlet, with the grand hotels of Montreux attracting the rich and cultured from Europe and America.
Starting in the 19th century there were three independent municipalities that shared a central authority. This county council was made up of four deputies from Le Châtelard, two from Les Planches and one from Veytaux. The church, the market hall of La Rouvenaz, the secondary school (the building was from 1872 and 1897) and the slaughter-house (1912) were all owned by the county council. Each municipality had its own taxes and a mayor. In 1962, the municipalities of Le Châtelard and Les Planches merged, while Veytaux remained independent.[4]
Montreux has an area, as of 2009[update], of 33.41 km2 (12.90 sq mi). Of this area, 8.34 km2 (3.22 sq mi) or 25.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 16.80 km2 (6.49 sq mi) or 50.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 6.68 km2 (2.58 sq mi) or 20.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.09 km2 (22 acres) or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes and 1.55 km2 (0.60 sq mi) or 4.6% is unproductive land.[6]
Of the built up area, housing and buildings make up 11.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 6.4%. Out of the forested land, 46.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.5% is used for growing crops and 9.9% is pastures, while 1.2% is used for orchards or vine crops and 13.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[6]
The municipality was part of theVevey District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Montreux became part of the new district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut.[7]
The municipality stretches from Lake Geneva to the foothills of the Swiss Alps (Rochers-de-Naye). It includes the former municipalities of Montreux-Les Planches (until 1952 Les Planches) and Montreux-Le Châtelard (until 1952 Le Châtelard). It was formed in 1962 with the merger of the two former municipalities.
High rise in MontreuxApartment building in Montreux
Montreux has a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 26,090.[10] As of 2008[update], 44.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[11] Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 14.7%. It has changed at a rate of 22.3% due to migration and at a rate of -0.8% due to births and deaths.[12]
Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaksFrench (16,695 or 74.4%) as their first language, withGerman being second most common (1,398 or 6.2%) andItalian being third (897 or 4.0%). There are 9 people who speakRomansh.[13]
The age distribution, as of 2009[update], in Montreux is; 2,050 children or 8.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 3,021 teenagers or 12.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 4,216 people or 17.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 3,016 people or 12.2% are between 30 and 39, 3,552 people or 14.4% are between 40 and 49, and 3,048 people or 12.3% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 2,565 people or 10.4% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 1,795 people or 7.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 1,206 people or 4.9% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 263 people or 1.1% who are 90 and older.[14]
As of 2000[update], there were 9,380 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 9,758 married individuals, 1,631 widows or widowers and 1,685 individuals who are divorced.[13]
As of 2000[update], there were 9,823 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2 persons per household.[12] There were 4,198 households that consist of only one person and 402 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 10,236 households that answered this question, 41.0% were households made up of just one person and there were 53 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 2,563 married couples without children, 2,245 married couples with children. There were 605 single parents with a child or children. There were 159 households that were made up of unrelated people and 413 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.[13]
In 2000[update] there were 1,375 single family homes (or 43.2% of the total) out of a total of 3,183 inhabited buildings. There were 1,024 multi-family buildings (32.2%), along with 530 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (16.7%) and 254 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (8.0%).[15]
In 2000[update], a total of 9,553 apartments (70.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 3,043 apartments (22.5%) were seasonally occupied and 916 apartments (6.8%) were empty.[15] As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.6 new units per 1000 residents.[12]
As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Montreux was 1067.93Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 567.76 CHF (US$450, £260, €360), a two-room apartment was about 787.77 CHF (US$630, £350, €500), a three-room apartment was about 1014.16 CHF (US$810, £460, €650) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1817.64 CHF (US$1450, £820, €1160). The average apartment price in Montreux was 95.7% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[16] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.55%.[12]
The historical population is given in the following chart:[4][17]
The entire urban village of Territet / Veytaux as well as the Caux, Montreux and Villas Dubochet areas are all part of theInventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[18]
In the2007 federal election the most popular party was theSP which received 22.11% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were theSVP (21.97%), theFDP (16.06%) and theGreen Party (13.49%). In the federal election, a total of 4,473 votes were cast, and thevoter turnout was 39.7%.[22]
As of 2010[update], Montreux had an unemployment rate of 6.9%. As of 2008[update], there were 70 people employed in theprimary economic sector and about 27 businesses involved in this sector. 1,165 people were employed in thesecondary sector and there were 174 businesses in this sector. 9,290 people were employed in thetertiary sector, with 999 businesses in this sector.[12] There were 10,202 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 46.1% of the workforce.
In 2008[update] the total number offull-time equivalent jobs was 8,991. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 55, of which 31 were in agriculture, 17 were in forestry or lumber production and 6 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,118 of which 403 or (36.0%) were in manufacturing and 708 (63.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 7,818. In the tertiary sector; 1,296 or 16.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 439 or 5.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 1,311 or 16.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 70 or 0.9% were in the information industry, 564 or 7.2% were the insurance or financial industry, 458 or 5.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 943 or 12.1% were in education and 1,591 or 20.4% were in health care.[23]
In 2000[update], there were 4,949 workers who commuted into the municipality and 4,964 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 2.3% of the workforce coming into Montreux are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.0% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.[24] Of the working population, 22.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 50.9% used a private car.[12]
From the 2000 census[update], 8,557 or 38.1% wereRoman Catholic, while 6,438 or 28.7% belonged to theSwiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 745members of an Orthodox church (or about 3.32% of the population), there were 18 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who belonged to theChristian Catholic Church, and there were 925 individuals (or about 4.12% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 73 individuals (or about 0.33% of the population) who wereJewish, and 1,031 (or about 4.59% of the population) who wereMuslim. There were 80 individuals who wereBuddhist, 171 individuals who wereHindu and 90 individuals who belonged to another church. 2,796 (or about 12.45% of the population) belonged to no church, areagnostic oratheist, and 1,941 individuals (or about 8.64% of the population) did not answer the question.[13]
In Montreux about 7,464 (33.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatoryupper secondary education, and 3,171 or (14.1%) have completed additional higher education (eitheruniversity or aFachhochschule). Of the 3,171 who completed tertiary schooling, 39.8% were Swiss men, 25.3% were Swiss women, 19.8% were non-Swiss men and 15.1% were non-Swiss women.[13]
In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 2,106 students in the Montreux school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.[25] During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 817 children of which 456 children (55.8%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton'sprimary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 1,056 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 931 students in those schools. There were also 119 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.[26]
As of 2000[update], there were 490 students in Montreux who came from another municipality, while 790 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[24]
Montreux is home to theBibliothèque municipale de Montreux et Veytaux library. The library has (as of 2008[update]) 48,948 books or other media, and loaned out 99,490 items in the same year. It was open a total of 274 days with average of 28 hours per week during that year.[27]
Montreux was a haven for Catherine Barkley and Lt. Frederic Henry in Ernest Hemingway's classic novelA Farewell to Arms.
Montreux hosts several festivals:
The Septembre musical de Montreux, founded in 1946 and held every year since then.
Freddie Celebration Days — Montreux Celebration is organising this major and entirely free event in Montreux around September 5, the birthday of Freddie Mercury, late singer of the band Queen.
The Golden Rose Festival, annually in spring (1961–2003), which awarded theGolden Rose of Montreux, an international award for television.
The Golden Award of Montreux, annually in April, is traditionally, since 1989, the first international advertising and multimedia Competition in Europe – starting the global season for awarding creative excellence.
Montreux has a walking trail along the lake, stretching fromVilleneuve to Vevey. The main square of the town, Place du Marché, features a statue of Freddie Mercury facing Lake Geneva. Some of the numerous small cities around Montreux include La Tour-de-Peilz, and Villeneuve. TheChâteau of Chillon has views over Lake of Geneva and can be accessed via bus, train, walk or boat.[citation needed]
Deep Purple traveled to Montreux in December 1971 to recordMachine Head. The band's song "Smoke on the Water" tells of the events of December 1971, when aFrank Zappa fan with a flare gun set theMontreux Casino on fire, destroying the casino where they had originally planned to record the album. Thanks toClaude Nobs, who eventually arranged alternate locations, theGrand Hôtel de Territet was where almost the entirety of the album was created and recorded, except for "Smoke on the Water" which had already been partly recorded at the "Le Petit Palais", formerly called "Le Pavilion". Deep Purple again returned in 1973 to recordBurn. The Montreux Casino was reopened in 1975, and later a monument commemorating Deep Purple and their song "Smoke on the Water" was built along the lake shore, with the band's name, the song title, and the riff in musical notes. However, the only other memorial dedicated to the band's song that can be found nowadays in Montreux, is a small plaque placed outside the back entrance of the formerGrand Hôtel de Territet.
The Dubliners's song "Montreux Monto" on their albumLive at Montreux was recorded live at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1976.
Montreux is the home ofMountain Studios, the recording studio used by several artists. "Bonzo's Montreux" byLed Zeppelin is named after the city where the drums session ofJohn Bonham was recorded in 1976. In 1978, the bandQueen bought the studio. It was then sold to Queen producer David Richards. In 2002, the Mountain Studios was converted into a bar as part of a complete renovation of the studio. David Richards has left Montreux to settle down somewhere else. Queen also appeared in 1984 and in 1986 at the Golden Rose Festival and Queen guitaristBrian May appeared in 2001 at the Jazz Festival. Montreux was also the subject of the 1995 Queen single "A Winter's Tale" on the albumMade in Heaven, one of Freddie's last songs before his death on 24 November 1991. The album cover features the statue of Mercury beside the lake.
In 1990, theWakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage was awarded to Montreux.[35]
^"Kantonsliste A-Objekte".KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived fromthe original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved25 April 2011.
^"International Exchange".List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures. Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR). Archived fromthe original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved21 November 2015.
^agencies, swissinfo.ch and agencies, swissinfo.ch and (11 January 2016)."David Bowie: the Swiss years".swissinfo.ch.Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved29 April 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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