Monsters, Inc. (also known asMonsters, Incorporated) is a 2001 American animatedcomedy film produced byPixar Animation Studios forWalt Disney Pictures,[2] and starring the voices ofJohn Goodman,Billy Crystal,Steve Buscemi,James Coburn,Jennifer Tilly, andMary Gibbs. Directed byPete Docter, and written byAndrew Stanton andDaniel Gerson, the film centers on two monsters, the hairy James P. "Sulley" Sullivan (Goodman) and his one-eyed partner and best friend Mike Wazowski (Crystal), who are employed at the titular energy-producing factory Monsters, Inc., which generates power by scaring human children. However, the monster world believes that the children are toxic, and when a little human girl, Boo (Gibbs), sneaks into the factory, the duo must safely return her home while evading discovery.
Docter began developing the film in 1996, following an idea conceived in 1994 whenToy Story (1995) was nearing completion, and wrote the story withJill Culton,Jeff Pidgeon andRalph Eggleston, while Stanton wrote the screenplay with Gerson. The characters went through many incarnations over the film's five-year production process. The technical team and animators found new ways to simulate fur and cloth realistically for the film.Randy Newman, who composed the music for Pixar's three prior films, returned to compose the score for its fourth.
In a world inhabited by monsters, the city of Monstropolis harnesses the screams of human children for energy. At the Monsters Incorporated factory, skilled monsters employed as "scarers" enter the human world to scare children and harvest their screams through electronic portals connected to the closet doors of children's bedrooms. The work is considered dangerous, as human children are rumored to be toxic enough to kill a monster through physical contact. Monsters, Inc. CEO,Henry J. Waternoose III, is concerned about the declining energy production, as children are becoming less easily scared.
One evening after work, top scarerJames P. "Sulley" Sullivan discovers that an active door has been left in the station of his rival,Randall Boggs. He inspects the door and accidentally lets a toddler girl into the factory. Frightened, Sulley unsuccessfully tries returning the girl, who escapes into Monstropolis, interrupting Sulley's best friend and assistantMike Wazowski on a date at a sushi restaurant. Chaos erupts when other monsters see the girl; Sulley and Mike escape with her as the Child Detection Agency (CDA) arrives and quarantines the restaurant. Forced to keep the girl hidden in their apartment for the night, Sulley and Mike realize that she is not toxic and her laughter can generate more energy than screams.
The next day, Sulley and Mike disguise the girl as a monster and attempt to send her home. While Mike seeks out her door, Sulley grows attached to her and nicknames her "Boo". Randall, waiting in ambush for the girl, kidnaps Mike by accident and reveals his plan to kidnap children and extract screams from them using his invention, the Scream Extractor. Sulley rescues Mike, and they search for Waternoose to alert him of Randall's plan. However, Boo inadvertently reveals herself to Waternoose, who reveals that he is working with Randall. Waternoose banishes Mike and Sulley to theHimalayas in the human world, and abducts Boo.
With help fromthe Abominable Snowman, Sulley finds a way back to the monster world, but Mike refuses to go with him. Sulley returns to the factory and rescues Boo from the Scream Extractor, but Randall fights him. Mike returns to reconcile with Sulley, and both search for Boo's door. Randall catches up to the trio, and Boo easily defeats him after a chase through the factory door vault. Sulley and Mike banish Randall through a door to the human world and destroy it.
Mike and Sulley locate Boo's door, but Waternoose brings it down to the scare floor, intending to have the CDA arrest Mike and Sulley. Mike distracts the CDA while Sulley and Boo lure Waternoose into a scare simulation room. Sulley tricks Waternoose into revealing his conspiracy to kidnap thousands of children. Mike records the conversation, exposing Waternoose to the CDA, who arrest him. Undercover CDA agent Roz allows Sulley to send Boo home, but has her door destroyed. Sulley retools the factory to harvest children's laughter instead of screams, as laughter is ten times more powerful. With the energy crisis solved, the factory now collects energy by making children laugh; Mike becomes the company's top comedian, and Sulley becomes the new CEO. Mike then reveals to Sulley he has rebuilt Boo's door, allowing Sulley to reunite with Boo.
John Goodman asJames P. "Sulley" Sullivan, a huge, intimidating but well-meaning scarer at Monsters, Inc. At the film's beginning, he has been the "Best Scarer" at Monsters, Inc. for several months running.
Billy Crystal asMike Wazowski, a short, one-eyed scarer assistant who is Sulley's best friend, roommate, and coworker. He is charming and generally the more organized of the two, but he is prone to neurotics, and his ego sometimes leads him astray.
Mary Gibbs asBoo, a three-year-old[4][5][6] human girl who is unafraid of any monster except Randall, the scarer assigned to her door. She believes Sulley is a large cat and refers to him as "Kitty". The book based on the film gives Boo's "real" name as Mary Gibbs, the name of her voice actress, who is also the daughter of one of the film's story artists, Rob.[7]
Gibbs was so young during production that most of her lines were captured via real or simulated play scenarios designed to elicit the required audio reactions, rather than any traditional line work, including being followed around the Pixar office with a microphone by the crew.[8]
Steve Buscemi asRandall Boggs, a snide and preening monster with achameleon-like ability to change his skin color and blend in completely with his surroundings, who makes himself a rival to Sulley and Mike in the scream collection.
James Coburn asHenry J. Waternoose, the CEO of Monsters, Inc., a job passed down through his family for three generations, who is secretly in league with Randall.
Bob Peterson asRoz, the administrator for Scare Floor F, where Sulley, Mike, and Randall work. She is secretly the head of the CDA, operating undercover inside Monsters, Inc.
Steve Susskind as Jerry, a good friend of Waternoose who manages Scare Floor F.
Bonnie Hunt as Flint, a talent recruiter who trains new monsters to scare children.
Jeff Pidgeon as Bile, an accident-prone trainee scarer for Monsters, Inc.
Sam Black asGeorge Sanderson, a scarer at Monsters, Inc. In arunning gag throughout the film, he repeatedly makes contact with objects from the human world, resulting in CDA agents tackling him, shaving his entire body, and sterilizing him.
Production
Development
The idea forMonsters, Inc., along with ideas that would eventually becomeA Bug's Life,Finding Nemo, andWALL-E, was conceived in a lunch in 1994 attended byJohn Lasseter,Pete Docter,Andrew Stanton, andJoe Ranft near the completion ofToy Story.[12] One of the ideas that came out of the brainstorming session was a film about monsters. "When we were makingToy Story", Docter said, "everybody came up to me and said, 'Hey, I totally believed that my toys came to life when I left the room.' So when Disney asked us to do some more films, I wanted to tap into a childlike notion that was similar to that. I knew monsters were coming out of my closet when I was a kid. So I said, 'Hey, let's do a film about monsters.'"[13]
Docter began work on the film that would becomeMonsters, Inc. in 1996, while others focused onA Bug's Life (1998) andToy Story 2 (1999). Its code name wasHidden City, after Docter's favorite restaurant inPoint Richmond.[14] By early February 1997, Docter, together withHarley Jessup,Jill Culton, andJeff Pidgeon, had drafted a treatment that bore some resemblance to the final film. Docter pitched the story to Disney with some initial artwork on February 4 that year. He and his story team left with some suggestions in hand and returned to pitch a refined version of the story on May 30. At this pitch meeting, longtime Disney animatorJoe Grant – whose work stretched back toSnow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) – suggested the titleMonsters, Inc., a play on the title of the gangster filmMurder, Inc. (1960),[15] and the name stuck.[16] The film would be the first Pixar feature not directed by Lasseter, helmed instead by Docter, as well asLee Unkrich andDavid Silverman, who served as co-directors.[17] The early test ofMonsters, Inc. was released on October 11, 1998.
Writing
The storyline took on many forms during production.[18] Docter's original idea featured a 30-year-old man dealing with monsters that he drew in a book as a child coming back to bother him as an adult. Each monster represented a fear he had, and conquering those fears eventually caused the monsters to disappear.[19] Docter later scrapped this concept, and instead decided on a buddy story between a monster and a child titled simplyMonsters, in which the monster character of Sulley (known at this stage as Johnson) was an up-and-comer at his workplace, where the company's purpose was to scare children. Sulley's eventual sidekick, Mike Wazowski, had not yet been added.[18][20]
Between 1996 and 2000, the lead monster and child went through radical changes as the story evolved. As the story continued to develop, the child varied in age and gender. Ultimately, the story team decided that a girl would be the best counterpart for a furry, 8-foot-tall (2.4 m) co-star.[18] After a girl was settled upon, the character continued to undergo changes, at one point being from Ireland and at another time being an African American character.[16] Originally, the character of the little girl, known as Mary, became a fearless seven-year-old toughened by years of teasing and pranks from four older brothers.[16] In stark contrast, Johnson is nervous about the possibility of losing his job after the boss at Monsters, Inc. announces a downsizing. He feels envious because another scarer, Ned (who later became Randall), is the company's top performer.[16] Through various drafts, Johnson's occupation went back and forth between scarer and some other position such as a janitor or a refinery worker, until his final incarnation as the best scarer at Monsters, Inc.[16]
Throughout development, Pixar worried that having a main character whose main goal was to scare children would alienate audiences and make them not empathize with him. Docter would later describe that the team "bent over backwards trying to create a story that still had monsters" while still attempting to solve the problem.[17] A key moment came when the team decided, "Okay, he's the BEST scarer there. He's the star quarterback", with Docter noting that before that moment "design after design, we really didn't know what he was about."[17] Disney noted to Pixar early on that they did not want the character to "look like a guy in a suit".[17] To this end, Johnson was originally planned to have tentacles for feet; however, this caused many problems in early animation tests. The idea was later largely rejected, as it was thought that audiences would be distracted by the tentacles.[21] Mary's age also differed from draft to draft until the writers settled on the age of three. "We found that the younger she was, the more dependent she was on Sulley", Docter said.[13] Eventually, Johnson was renamed Sullivan. Sullivan was also planned to wear glasses throughout the film. However, the creators abandoned this idea as they found the eyes were a perfectly readable and clear way of expressing a character's personality.[21]
The idea of a monster buddy for the lead monster emerged at a "story summit" in Burbank with employees from Disney and Pixar, held on April 6, 1998. A term coined by Lasseter, a "story summit" was a crash exercise that would yield a finished story in only two days.[22] The group agreed that a buddy character would give the lead monster someone to talk to about his predicament. Development artist Ricky Nierva drew a concept sketch of a rounded, one-eyed monster as a concept for the character, and everyone was generally receptive to it.[13] Docter named the character Mike, after the father of his friendFrank Oz, a director andMuppet performer (and the voice of Fungus).[16]Jeff Pidgeon and Jason Katz story-boarded a test in which Mike helps Sulley choose a tie for work, and Mike Wazowski soon became a vital character in the film.[13] Originally, Mike had no arms and had to use his legs as appendages; however, due to some technical difficulties, arms were soon added to him.[13]
ScreenwriterDaniel Gerson joined Pixar in 1999 and worked daily on the film with the filmmakers for almost two years. He considered it his first experience in writing a feature film. He explained, "I would sit with Pete [Docter] andDavid Silverman and we would talk about a scene and they would tell me what they were looking for. I would make some suggestions and then go off and write the sequence. We'd get together again and review it and then hand it off to a story artist. Here's where the collaborative process really kicked in. The board artist was not beholden to my work and could take liberties here and there. Sometimes, I would suggest an idea about making the joke work better visually. Once the scene moved on to animation, the animators would plus the material even further."[18]
Docter has cited the 1973 filmPaper Moon as inspiration for the concept of someone experiencing getting stuck with a kid who turns out to be the real expert, and he credits Lasseter for coming up with the "laughter is ten times more powerful than fear" concept.[23]
Casting
Bill Murray was considered for the voice role of Sulley. He screen-tested for the role and was interested, but Docter was unable to make contact with him to formally offer the part.[24][25] The voice role of Sulley went toJohn Goodman, the longtime co-star of the comedy seriesRoseanne and a regular in the films of theCoen brothers. Goodman interpreted the character as the monster equivalent of aNational Football League player. "He's like a seasoned lineman in the tenth year of his career," he said at the time. "He is totally dedicated and a total pro."[26]Billy Crystal, regretting having turned down the part ofBuzz Lightyear years prior, accepted that of Mike Wazowski, Sulley's one-eyed best friend and scare assistant.[27][28]
Animation
When production began in earnest onMonsters, Inc. in 2000, Pixar relocated to a larger building inEmeryville, California.
In November 2000, early in the production ofMonsters, Inc., Pixar packed up and moved for the second time after itsLucasfilm Ltd. years.[26] The company's 500 employees had become spread among three buildings, separated by a busy highway. The company moved from Point Richmond to a much bigger campus inEmeryville, co-designed by Lasseter andSteve Jobs.[26]
In production, the film differed from earlier Pixar features, as every main character in the movie had its own lead animator –John Kahrs on Sulley, Andrew Gordon on Mike, and Dave DeVan on Boo.[29] Kahrs found that the "bearlike quality" of Goodman's voice provided an exceptionally good fit with the character. He faced a difficult challenge, however, in dealing with Sulley's sheer mass; traditionally, animators conveyed a figure's heaviness by giving it a slower, more belabored movement, but Kahrs was concerned that such an approach to a central character would give the film a "sluggish" feel.[29] Like Goodman, Kahrs came to think of Sulley as a football player whose athleticism enabled him to move quickly in spite of his size. To help the animators with Sulley and other large monsters, Pixar arranged for Rodger Kram, aUniversity of California, Berkeley expert on the locomotion of heavy mammals, to lecture on the subject.[29]
Adding to Sulley's lifelike appearance was an intense effort by the technical team to refine the rendering of fur. Other production houses had tackled realistic fur, most notablyRhythm & Hues in its 1993polar bear commercials forCoca-Cola and in its talking animals' faces in the 1995 filmBabe.[29] However, rendering the characters ofMonsters, Inc. required fur on a much larger scale. From the standpoint of Pixar's engineers, the quest for fur posed several significant challenges; one was to figure out how to animate a large number of hairs – 2,320,413 of them on Sulley – in a reasonably efficient way,[29] and another was to make sure that the hairs cast shadows on other ones. Withoutself-shadowing, either fur or hair takes on an unrealistic flat-colored look (e.g., inToy Story, the hair on Andy's toddler sister, as seen in that movie's opening sequence, is hair without self-shadowing).[29]
The first fur test featured Sulley running anobstacle course. Results were not satisfactory, as such objects caught and stretched out the fur due to the extreme amount of motion. Another similar test was also unsuccessful, because, this time, the fur wentthrough the objects.[21] Pixar then set up a Simulation department and created a new fur simulation program calledFizt (short for "physics tool").[30] After a shot with Sulley in it had been animated, the department took the data for that shot and added Sulley's fur. Fizt allowed the fur to react in a more natural way. Every time when Sulley had to move, his fur automatically reacted to his movements, thus taking the effects of wind and gravity into account as well. The Fizt program was also used to control the movement of Boo's clothes, which provided another "breakthrough".[30] The deceptively simple-sounding task of animating cloth was a challenge because of the hundreds of creases and wrinkles that occur in clothing when the wearer moves.[31] The team also had to solve the complex problem of how to keep cloth untangled – in other words, to keep it from passing through itself when parts of it intersect.[32] Fizt applied the same system to Boo's clothes as to Sulley's fur. Boo was first animated shirtless; the Simulation department then used Fizt to apply the shirt over Boo's body, allowing her clothes to react to her movements in a more natural manner.
The "door vault" scene is one of the film's most elaborate sets.
To solve the problem of cloth-to-cloth collisions, Michael Kass, Pixar's senior scientist, was joined onMonsters, Inc. by David Baraff and Andrew Witkin and developed analgorithm they called "global intersection analysis" to handle the problem. The complexity of the shots in the film, including elaborate sets such as the door vault, required more computing power to render than any of Pixar's earlier efforts combined. Therender farm in place forMonsters, Inc. was made up of 3500Sun Microsystems processors, compared with 1400 forToy Story 2 and only 200 forToy Story, both built on Sun's own RISC-basedSPARC processor architecture.[32]
The scene in which the Harryhausen's restaurant was decontaminated was originally going to feature the restaurant being blown up.[33] Due to theSeptember 11 attacks, the explosion was replaced by a plasma dome.[34][35][better source needed]
In October 2000, a teaser trailer ofMonsters, Inc. was released, being distributed online and included on home video releases ofToy Story 2.[38] This trailer would be attached to102 Dalmatians theatrically and can later be seen on theDVD release ofThe Emperor's New Groove, which was released on May 1, 2001.[39] AnotherMonsters, Inc. trailer premiered in theaters in June 2001 with the release ofAtlantis: The Lost Empire.[40]
The film premiered on October 28, 2001, at theEl Capitan Theatre inHollywood, California.[43] It was theatrically released on November 2, 2001 in the United States, in Australia on December 26, 2001, and in the United Kingdom on February 8, 2002.[44] The theatrical release was accompanied by the Pixar short animated filmFor the Birds.[45]
As withA Bug's Life andToy Story 2, a montage of "outtakes" and a performance of a play based on a line from the film were made and included in the end credits of the film starting on December 7, 2001.[46]
After the success of the 3D re-release ofThe Lion King,[47] Disney and Pixar re-releasedMonsters, Inc. in 3D on December 19, 2012, after it was previously scheduled for January 18, 2013.[48]
Home media
Monsters, Inc. was released onVHS andDVD on September 17, 2002.[49][50] Both releases areTHX certified and feature the animated shortsMike's New Car andFor the Birds.[51] The DVD release presents the film in widescreen and fullscreen, both taken from the digital source by Pixar. The widescreen version additionally includes filmmakers' commentary and a sound effects-only audio track. The second disc includes a variety of bonus features including animated shorts, outtakes, and the "If I Didn't Have You" music video.[52] This release set a new record for the highest single-day DVD sales, with 5 million copies being sold on its first day.[53] Although this record was surpassed bySpider-Man two months later, the film continued to hold the highest single-day record for an animated movie until it was overtaken byFinding Nemo in 2003.[54] The film was released onBlu-ray on November 10, 2009,[55] and on Blu-ray 3D on February 19, 2013.[56] While the 2009 Blu-ray release featured a 5.1DTS-HD Master Audio surround sound track, the 2013 reissue and its 3D counterpart feature a 7.1 channelDolby TrueHD track.[57] Monsters, Inc. was released on4K Blu-ray on March 3, 2020.[58]
Reception
Box office
On its first day of release,Monsters, Inc. earned $17.8 million, then generated $26.9 million the following day, making the latter the second-highest Saturday gross of all time, behindThe Mummy Returns.[59] It ranked number one at the box office upon opening, beating outK-PAX,Thirteen Ghosts,Domestic Disturbance, andThe One.[59] The film's debut also led to audience declines ofFrom Hell,Riding in Cars with Boys,Training Day,Bandits, and other films.[59]Monsters, Inc. held the record for having the biggest opening weekend of an animated film, making $62,577,067 and surpassing the previous record held byToy Story 2.[60] It would last for two years until the release ofFinding Nemo in May 2003.[61] The film was ranked as the biggest three-day opening weekend for a Disney film, dethroningPearl Harbor. It was even the fourth film of the year to reach $60 million within its first three days of release, just afterThe Mummy Returns,Planet of the Apes, andRush Hour 2.[62] The film had a small drop-off of 27.2% over its second weekend, earning another $45,551,028, while also outgrossingShallow Hal andHeist to remain at the top spot.[63] In its third weekend, the film experienced a larger decline of 50.1%, placing itself in the second position just afterHarry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. In its fourth weekend, however, there was an increase of 5.9%, making $24,055,001 thatThanksgiving weekend for a combined five-day gross of $32.5 million, thus remaining in second place and edging out newcomersSpy Game,Black Knight, andOut Cold.[64] As of May 2013, it is the eighth-biggest fourth weekend ever for a film.[65][66]
The film made $289,916,256 in North America, and $287,509,478 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $577,425,734.[1] The film is Pixar's ninth-highest-grossing film worldwide and sixth-highest in North America.[67] For a time, the film surpassedAladdin as the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time, only behind 1994'sThe Lion King.[32]
In the United Kingdom, Ireland, andMalta, it earned £37,264,502 ($53,335,579), marking the sixth-highest-grossing animated film of all time in the country and the32nd-highest-grossing film of all time.[68] In Japan, although earning $4,471,902 during its opening and ranking second behindThe Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring for the weekend, it moved to first place on subsequent weekends due to exceptionally small decreases or even increases and dominated for six weeks at the box office. It finally reached $74,437,612, standing as 2001's third-highest-grossing film and the third-largest U.S. animated feature of all time in the country behindToy Story 3 andFinding Nemo.[69]
Critical response
Review aggregatorRotten Tomatoes gave the film an approval rating of 96% based on 200 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Clever, funny, and delightful to look at,Monsters, Inc. delivers another resounding example of how Pixar elevated the bar for modern all-ages animation."[70]Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 79 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[71] Audiences polled byCinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+" grade, becoming the second Pixar film to gain the score afterToy Story 2.[72]
Charles Taylor ofSalon magazine stated, "[i]t's agreeable and often funny, and adults who take their kids to see it might be surprised to find themselves having a pretty good time."[73] Elvis Mitchell ofThe New York Times gave it a positive review, praising the film's usage of "creative energy", saying "There hasn't been a film in years to use creative energy as efficiently asMonsters, Inc."[74] Although Mike Clark ofUSA Today thought the comedy was sometimes "more frenetic than inspired and viewer emotions are rarely touched to any notable degree", he also viewed the film as "visually inventive as its Pixar predecessors".[75]
ReelViews film criticJames Berardinelli gave the film 31⁄2 stars out of 4 and wrote that the film was "one of those rare family films that parents can enjoy (rather than endure) along with their kids".[76]Roger Ebert of theChicago Sun-Times gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, calling it "cheerful, high-energy fun, and like the other Pixar movies, has a running supply of gags and references aimed at grownups".[77]Lisa Schwarzbaum ofEntertainment Weekly gave the film a "B+" grade and praised its animation, stating "Everything from Pixar Animation Studios – the snazzy, cutting-edge computer animation outfit – looks really, really terrific and unspools with a liberated, heppest-moms-and-dads-on-the-block iconoclasm."[78]
In 2025, it was one of the films voted for the "Readers' Choice" edition ofThe New York Times' list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century," finishing at number 242.[79]
A drawing of a character forStanley Mouse's "Excuse My Dust", a film that he had tried to sell to Hollywood in 1998[81]
Shortly before the film's release, Pixar was sued by children's songwriter Lori Madrid of Wyoming, claiming that the company had stolen her ideas from her 1997 poem "There's a Boy in My Closet". Madrid mailed her poem to six publishers in October 1999, notablyChronicle Books, before turning it into a local stage musical in August 2001. After seeing the trailer forMonsters, Inc., Madrid concluded that Chronicle Books had passed her work to Pixar and that the film was based on her work.[82] In October 2001, she filed the suit against Chronicle Books, Pixar, and Disney in a federal court in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Her lawyer asked the court to issue a preliminary injunction, that would forbid Pixar and Disney from releasing the film while the suit was pending. In a hearing on November 1, 2001, the day before the film's scheduled release, the judge refused to issue an injunction. On June 26, 2002, he ruled that the film had nothing in common with the poem.[83]
In November 2002,Stanley Mouse filed a lawsuit in which he alleged that the characters of Mike and Sulley were based on drawings ofExcuse My Dust, a film that he had tried to sell to Hollywood in 1998.[84] The lawsuit also stated that a story artist from Pixar visited Mouse in 2000 and discussed Mouse's work with him.[84] A Disney spokeswoman responded, saying that the characters inMonsters, Inc. were "developed independently by the Pixar and Walt Disney Pictures creative teams, and do not infringe on anyone's copyrights".[81] The case was ultimately settled under undisclosed terms.[85][unreliable source]
A prequel, titledMonsters University, was released on June 21, 2013. John Goodman, Billy Crystal, and Steve Buscemi reprised their roles of Sulley, Mike, and Randall, whileDan Scanlon directed the film. The prequel's plot focuses on Sulley and Mike's studies at Monsters University, where they start off as rivals but soon become best friends.[86]
Other media
An animated short,Mike's New Car, was made by Pixar in 2002 in which the two main characters have assorted misadventures with a car Mike has just bought. This film was not screened in theaters, but is included with all home video releases ofMonsters, Inc., and onPixar's Dedicated Shorts DVD.[87] In August 2002, amanga version ofMonsters, Inc. was made by Hiromi Yamafuji and distributed inKodansha'sComic Bon Bon magazine in Japan; the manga was published in English byTokyopop until it went out of print.[88]
In 2009,Boom! Studios produced aMonsters Inc. comic book mini-series that ran for four issues. The storyline takes place after the movie and focuses on Sulley and Mike's daily struggles to operate Monsters Inc. on its new laughter-focused company policy. At the same time, their work is impeded by the revenge schemes of Randall and Waternoose, as well as a human child (indirectly revealed to be Sid Phillips from theToy Story franchise) who has hijacked the company's closet door technology to commit a string of toy thefts throughout the human world.[93]
Sulley, Mike, Boo, Randall, Celia and Roz appear as playable characters in the video gameDisney Magic Kingdoms, being unlocked during the progress of the game's main storyline.[96]
A world based on the film made its debut appearance in theKingdom Hearts series inKingdom Hearts III,[97][98] making it the second Disney-Pixar movie featured in the series afterToy Story.[99][100] The world takes place after the events of the first film.
In November 2017, DisneyCEOBob Iger spoke about plans to developa television series spin-off ofMonsters, Inc. among other properties owned by the company.[101][102][103] By November of the following year the series was confirmed forDisney+, and would continue the story of the previous films.[104] On April 9, 2019, it was announced that Goodman, Crystal, and Tilly would return as Mike, Sulley, and Celia, respectively for the series. Peterson returns as Roz and also voices her twin sister Roze. Additional cast members includeBen Feldman as Tylor Tuskmon,Mindy Kaling as Val,Henry Winkler as Fritz,Lucas Neff as Duncan,Alanna Ubach as Cutter,Stephen Stanton as Needleman and Smitty (replacing Gerson), andAisha Tyler as Tylor's mother Millie. In addition, Ratzenberger returns as Yeti and also voices Tylor's father Bernard.[105] It was released on Disney+ on July 7, 2021.[106][107] The series begins the day after Waternoose's arrest and follows Tylor who hopes to be promoted to the Laugh Floor.[108]
^Shaffer, Joshua C (July 17, 2017).Discovering the Magic Kingdom: An Unofficial Disneyland Vacation Guide – Second Edition. Synergy Book Publishing. p. 209.ISBN978-0-9991664-0-6.
^Nusair, David."Top 5 John Ratzenberger Roles in Pixar Films".About.com Entertainment. About.com.Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2015.Abominable. Can you believe that? Do I look abominable to you? Why can't they call me the Adorable Snowman, or the Agreeable Snowman, for crying out loud? I'm a nice guy.
^Ziebarth, Christian (July 1, 2005)."Joe Grant Life Celebration". Animation World Network.Archived from the original on May 16, 2015. RetrievedMay 16, 2015.
^Pearlman, Cindy (October 28, 2001)."Crystal clear on 'Monsters'"(Fee required).Chicago Sun-Times.Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. RetrievedMarch 16, 2009.
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