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Monodontidae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family of mammals

Monodontidae
Temporal range:Late Miocene–Recent
Beluga whale
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Artiodactyla
Infraorder:Cetacea
Superfamily:Delphinoidea
Family:Monodontidae
J. E. Gray, 1821
Type genus
Monodon
Extant genera

Monodon
Delphinapterus

Thecetacean familyMonodontidae comprises two livingwhale species, thenarwhal and thebeluga whale and at least four extinct species, known from the fossil record. Beluga and narwhal are native to coastal regions and pack ice around theArctic Ocean. Both species are relatively small whales, 3–5 m (9.8–16.4 ft) in length, with a foreheadmelon, and a short or absent snout. Premaxillary teeth are absent.[1] They do not have a true dorsal fin, but do have a narrow ridge running along the back, which is much more pronounced in the narwhal. They are highly vocal animals, communicating with a wide range of sounds. Like other whales, they also useecholocation to navigate.[2] Belugas can be found in the far north of theAtlantic andPacific Oceans; the distribution of narwhals is restricted to the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans.

Monodontids have a wide-rangingcarnivorous diet, feeding on fish, molluscs, and small crustaceans. They have reduced teeth, with the beluga having numerous simple teeth, and the narwhal having only two teeth, one of which forms the tusks in males.Gestation lasts 14–15 months in both species, and almost always results in a single calf. The young are notweaned for a full two years, and do not reach sexual maturity until they are five to eight years of age. Family groups travel as part of herds, or 'pods', which may contain several hundred individuals.[2]

Taxonomy

[edit]
Skull of a cross between a narwhal and a beluga whale, at the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen

The monodontids,oceanic dolphins (Delphinidae) andporpoises (Phocoenidae) together comprise theDelphinoidea superfamily. Genetic evidence suggests the porpoises are more closely related to the monodontids, and these two families constitute aclade that diverged from the oceanic dolphins within the past 11 million years.[3][4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Bohaskaia monodontoides, a New Monodontid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinoidea) from the Pliocene of the Western North Atlantic Ocean
  2. ^abBrodie, Paul (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.).The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 200–203.ISBN 978-0-87196-871-5.
  3. ^Waddell, V.G.; Milinkovitch, M.C.; Bérubé, M. & Stanhope, M.J. (2000). "Molecular Phylogenetic Examination of the Delphinoidea Trichotomy: Congruent Evidence from Three Nuclear Loci Indicates That Porpoises (Phocoenidae) Share a More Recent Common Ancestry with White Whales (Monodontidae) Than They Do with True Dolphins (Delphinidae)".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.15 (2):314–318.Bibcode:2000MolPE..15..314W.doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0751.PMID 10837160.
  4. ^Bianucci; Pesci; Collareta & Tinelli (2019). "A new Monodontidae (Cetacea, Delphinoidea) from the lower Pliocene of Italy supports a warm-water origin for narwhals and white whales".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.39 (3) e1645148.Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E5148B.doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1645148.hdl:11568/1022436.S2CID 202018525.
  5. ^Jorge Vélez-Juarbe & Nicholas D. Pyenson (2012). "Bohaskaia monodontoides, a new monodontid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinoidea) from the Pliocene of the western North Atlantic Ocean".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.32 (2):476–484.Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..476V.doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.641705.S2CID 55606151.

External links

[edit]
ExtantCetacean species
Balaenidae
Balaena
Eubalaena
(Right whales)
Balaenopteridae
(Rorquals)
Balaenoptera
Eschrichtius
Megaptera
Cetotheriidae
Caperea
Delphinidae
(Oceanic dolphins)
Aethalodelphis
Cephalorhynchus
Delphinus
Feresa
Globicephala
(Pilot whales)
Grampus
Lagenodelphis
Lagenorhynchus
Leucopleurus
Lissodelphis
(Right whale dolphins)
Orcaella
Orcinus
Peponocephala
Pseudorca
Sotalia
Sousa
(Humpback dolphins)
Stenella
Steno
Tursiops
(Bottlenose dolphins)
Monodontidae
Delphinapterus
Monodon
Phocoenidae
(Porpoises)
Neophocoena
(Finless porpoises)
Phocoena
Phocoenoides
Physeteridae
Physeter
Kogiidae
Kogia
Iniidae
Inia
Lipotidae
Lipotes
Platanistidae
Platanista
Pontoporiidae
Pontoporia
Ziphiidae
(Beaked whales)
Berardius
Hyperoodon
(Bottlenose whales)
Indopacetus
Mesoplodon
(Mesoplodont whales)
Tasmacetus
Ziphius
Odontocete genera
Xenorophidae
Waipatiidae
Squalodontidae
Squaloziphiidae
Eurhinodelphinidae
Crown-Odontoceti
    • see below↓
Physeteroidea
Kogiidae
Physeteridae
Allodelphinidae?
Squalodelphinidae?
Platanistidae
Berardiinae
Ziphiinae
Hyperoodontinae
Delphinida
    • see below↓
Kentriodontidae
Lipotidae
Iniidae
Pontoporiidae
Monodontidae
Phocoenidae
Lissodelphininae
Delphininae
Globicephalinae
Monodontidae
National
Other
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