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Mongolian numerals

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Numerals used in Mongolian scripts
Numerals reading "2013" inUlaanbaatar
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Part ofa series on
Numeral systems
List of numeral systems
Example use of the number 16 on the first line ofJohn 3:16

Mongolian numerals are numerals developed fromTibetan numerals and used in conjunction with theMongolian andClear script.[1][2]: 28  They are still used onMongolian tögrög banknotes.

The main sources of reference for Mongolian numerals are mathematical and philosophical works of Janj khutugtu A.Rolbiidorj (1717-1766) and D.Injinaash (1704-1788). Rolbiidorj exercises with numerals of up to 1066, the last number which he called “setgeshgui” or “unimaginable” referring to the concept ofinfinity. Injinaash works with numerals of up to 1059. Of these two scholars, the Rolbiidorj’s numerals, their names and sequencing are commonly accepted and used today, for example, in the calculations and documents pertaining to the Mongolian Government budget.

Base numbers

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Numbers from 1 to 9 are referred to as "dan", meaning "simple".

#Mongolian numeralsTibetan numerals
Upright[3]: 54 [4]: 9 [5]: 103 Rotated[6]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Extended numbers

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This sectionis missing information about these numerals. For each of them, there are up to three different forms (old Mongolian; Inner Mongolian, i.e. perhaps under Chinese influence; Outer Mongolian, under European influence), see e.g. Chinggaltai 1963 p. 64. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on thetalk page.(October 2022)
NamePower NotationShort scale Western
аравт (aravt)10ten
зуут (dzuut)102hundred
мянгат (myangat)1031 thousand
түмт (tümt)10410 thousand
бумт (bumt)105100 thousand
саят (sayat)1061 million
живаа (jivaa)10710 million
дүнчүүр (dünchüür)108100 million
тэрбум (terbum)1091 billion
их тэрбум (ikh terbum)101010 billion
наяд (nayad)1011100 billion
их наяд (ikh nayad)10121 trillion
Тавьшгүй (Tavishgui)101310 trillion
Их тавьшгүй (Ikh tavishgui)1014100 trillion
тунамал (tunamal)10151 quadrillion
их тунамал (ikh tunamal)101610 quadrillion
ингүүмэл (ingüümel)1017100 quadrillion
их ингүүмэл (ikh ingüümel)10181 quintillion
хямралгүй (khyamralgüi)101910 quintillion
их хямралгүй (ikh khyamralgüi)1020100 quintillion
ялгаруулагч (yalgaruulagch)10211 sextillion
их ялгаруулагч (ikh yalgaruulagch)102210 sextillion
өөр дээр (öör deer)1023100 sextillion
их өөр дээр (ikh öör deer)10241 septillion
хөөн удирдагч (khöön udirdagch)102510 septillion
их хөөн удирдагч (ikh khöön udirdagch)1026100 septillion
хязгаар үзэгдэл (khyadzgaar üdzegdel)10271 octillion
их хязгаар үзэгдэл (ikh khyadzgaar üdzegel)102810 octillion
шалтгааны зүйл (shaltgaany dzüyl)1029100 octillion
их шалтгааны зүйл (ikh shaltgaany dzüyl)10301 nonillion
үзэсгэлэн гэрэлт (üdzesgelen gerelt)103110 nonillion
их үзэсгэлэн гэрэлт (ikh üdzesgelen gerelt)1032100 nonillion
эрхт (erkht)10331 decillion
их эрхт (ikh erkht)103410 decillion
сайтар хүргэсэн (saytar khürgesen)1035100 decillion
их сайтар хүргэсэн (ikh saytar khürgesen)10361 undecillion
олон одох (olon odokh)103710 undecillion
их олон одох (ikh olon odokh)1038100 undecillion
живэх тоосон билэг (jivekh tooson bileg)10391 duodecillion
их живэх тоосон билэг (ikh jivekh tooson bileg)104010 duodecillion
билэг тэмдэг (bilet temdeg)1041100 duodecillion
их билэг тэмдэг (ikh bilet temdeg)10421 tredecillion
хүчин нөхөр (khüchin nökhör)104310 tredecillion
их хүчин нөхөр (ikh khüchin nökhör)1044100 tredecillion
тохио мэдэхүй (tokhio medekhüi)10451 quattuordecillion
их тохио мэдэхүй (ikh tokhio medekhüi)104610 quattuordecillion
тийн болсон (tiin bolson)1047100 quattuordecillion
их тийн болсон (ikh tiin bolson)10481 quindecillion
хүчин нүд (khüchin nud)104910 quindecillion
их хүчин нүд (ikh khüchin nüd)1050100 quindecillion
асрахуй (asrakhui)10511 sexdecillion
их асрахуй (ikh asrakhui)105210 sexdecillion
нигүүлсэнгүй (nigüülsengüi)1053100 sexdecillion
их нигүүлсэнгүй (ikh nigüülsengüi)10541 septendecillion
баясгалангуй (bayasgalangui)105510 septendecillion
их баясгалангуй (ikh bayasgalangui)1056100 septendecillion
тоолшгүй (toolshgüi)10571 octodecillion
хэмжээлшгүй (khemjeelshgüi)105810 octodecillion
цаглашгүй (tsaglashgüi)1059100 octodecillion
өгүүлшгүй (ögüülshgüi)10601 novemdecillion
хэрэглэшгүй (kheregleshgüi)106110 novemdecillion
үйлдэж дуусашгүй (üildej duusashgüi)1062100 novemdecillion
үлэшгүй (üleshgüi)10631 vigintillion
хирлэшгүй (khirleshgüi)106410 vigintillion
үлэж дуусашгүй (ülej duusashgüi)1065100 vigintillion
сэтгэшгүй (setgeshgüi)10661 unvigintillion

References

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  1. ^Chrisomalis, Stephen (2010).Numerical Notation: A Comparative History. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 9780521878180.
  2. ^"The Unicode® Standard Version 10.0 – Core Specification: South and Central Asia-II"(PDF).Unicode.org. Retrieved3 December 2017.
  3. ^Poppe, Nicholas (1974).Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  4. ^Skorodumova, L. G. (2000).Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazykВведение в старописьменный монгольский язык(PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd.ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  5. ^Kara, György (2005).Books of the Mongolian Nomads: More Than Eight Centuries of Writing Mongolian. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies.ISBN 978-0-933070-52-3.
  6. ^Popov, Aleksandr (1837).Arifmetika na Mongolskom yazykěАриѳметика на Монгольскомъ языкѣ (in Mongolian). Kazan. p. 31. Retrieved2023-02-28.


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