Monacha
Two live individuals ofMonacha cartusiana on a human hand
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Infraorder:	Helicoidei
Superfamily:	Helicoidea
Family:	Hygromiidae
Genus:	Monacha Fitzinger, 1833[1]
Type species
Helix cartusianaO. F. Müller, 1774
Synonyms[2]
BoemicaSchileyko, 1978 CarthusianaKobelt, 1871 CarthusiananaFagot, 1893 CemeneleanaCaziot, 1908 EuthebaH. Nordsieck, 1993 Helix (Carthusiana)Kobelt, 1871 Helix (Monacha)Fitzinger, 1833 Helix (Zenobia)Gray, 1821 (subjective senior synonym ofMonachaFitzinger, 1833) Monacha (Aegaeotheba)Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017· accepted, alternate representation Monacha (Eutheba)H. Nordsieck, 1993 (original rank) Monacha (Metatheba)P. Hesse, 1914· accepted, alternate representation Monacha (Monacha)Fitzinger, 1833· accepted, alternate representation Monacha (Paratheba)P. Hesse, 1914· accepted, alternate representation Monacha (Pontotheba)Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017· accepted, alternate representation Monacha (Rhytidotheba)Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017· accepted, alternate representation Monacha (Szentgalya)L. Pintér, 1977 Monacha (Trichotheba)Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017· accepted, alternate representation OlivierianaBourguignat, 1860 OrsinianaCaziot, 1910 ParathebaP. Hesse, 1914 (unaccepted rank) RhytidothebaNeiber & Hausdorf, 2017 (unaccepted rank) Zenobia Gray, 1821 (subjective senior synonym of Monacha Fitzinger, 1833; considered a nomen oblitum)

Monacha is agenus of air-breathingland snails,terrestrialpulmonategastropodmollusks in the subfamilyTrochulininaeLindholm, 1927 of the familyHygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.^[2]

The distribution of the genusMonacha includes western Europe, Central Europe, Mediterranean, Asia minor andTurkey (more than 50 species ofMonacha),^[3]Georgia, Russia, Arabia,Iran, Azerbaijan (1 species).^[4] It is not in Armenia.^[4]

The greatest diversity of species is in thePontic region.^[4]

Species within the genusMonacha include:^[4]

The speciesAshfordiana granulata (Alder, 1830) is often also grouped under the genusMonacha.

Taxon inquirendum

• Monacha talischana(E. von Martens, 1880)

Synonyms

• Monacha beieriKlemm, 1962: synonym ofMonacha haussknechti(O. Boettger, 1886) (junior synonym)
• Monacha fallaxA. J. Wagner, 1914: synonym ofMonachoides fallax(A. J. Wagner, 1914) (original combination)
• Monacha ruffoiGiusti, 1973: synonym ofMonacha pantanellii(De Stefani, 1879) (junior synonym)
• Monacha tschegemicaSchileyko, 1988: synonym ofParatheba roseni(Hesse, 1914): synonym ofMonacha roseni(Hesse, 1914) (junior synonym)

• Pintér, L. (1977). Studien an Monacha (Gastropoda: Helicidae), I. Über die subgenerische Zugehörigkeit von Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler). Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 108: 53–55.
• Nordsieck, H. (1993). Das System der paläarktischen Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 122 (Zilch-Festschrift): 1-23. Frankfurt am Main
• Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017
• Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A. (2018). A new genus Zenobiellina for Helix subrufescens Miller, 1822 (Hygromiidae), with description of a new congeneric species from northern Spain. Iberus. 36 (2): 133–147.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toMonacha.

• Fitzinger, L.J. (1833). Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreichs's unter der Enns, 3: 88-122. Wien
• Neiber, M. T. & Hausdorf, B. (2017). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail genus Monacha (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). Zoologica Scripta. 46(3): 308-321

• Hygromiidae

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