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1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
Molsheim (French pronunciation:[mɔlsɛm];also[mɔlsajm]ⓘ) is acommune and asubprefecture in theBas-Rhindepartment inGrand Est in north-easternFrance.[3] The total population in 2017 was 9,312. Molsheim had been a very fast-growing city between the French censuses of 1968 and 1999, passing from 5,739 to 9,335 inhabitants, but this increase came to a noticeable halt since.[4] Theurban unit of Molsheim had 26,925 inhabitants in 2017, from 16,888 in 1968.[5] Molsheim is part of themetropolitan area ofStrasbourg.[3]
The old town of Molsheim is well preserved and contains a considerable number of old houses and buildings of typically Alsatian architecture. The most notable buildings are the medievalTour des Forgerons, the RenaissanceMetzig, the baroque (although built in late gothic style)Église des Jésuites – an inordinately large church insofar as it could house the entire population of the town when built – and the classicalHôtel de ville. The former monasteryLa Chartreuse, partly destroyed in theFrench Revolution, nowhouses a museum; covering an area of 3hectares (7.4 acres), it used to be a genuine city within the city.
Nave and choir of Église des Jésuites
Porte des forgerons
Cloister of the formerChartreuse (Carthusian monastery)
Excavations carried out to the north of Molsheim in 1935 revealed the presence of manyMerovingian tombs (sixth and seventh centuries), along the old Roman road going toAvolsheim. "Mollesheim" was first mentioned about 820, in a deed of donating a vineyard of the bishop Adeloch to the chapter of Saint-Thomas. Bishop Adeloch is buried in the church ofSaint-Thomas inStrasbourg.
In 1219, the Holy Roman EmperorFrederick II granted the town many rights and franchises. By 1263 Molsheim was already surrounded by a wall which, in the medieval sense, made the town a city. However, the bishops of Strasbourg continued to own properties in Molsheim, resulting in conflicts with the Germanic emperors, a quarrel that was resolved in 1308 in favor of Bishop Jean de Dürbheim (German: Johann I. von Straßburg). Jean de Dürbheim enlarged the city wall in 1318 and built achâteau. When the bishop died in 1328, he was entombed in the chapel of a hospice he had founded, the future site of the Jesuit church, which is the present parish church of Molsheim. His tomb is still visible today.
Etching depicting skirmishes betweenDachstein and Molsheim on 2 December 1592
The strength of theProtestant Reformation in theAlsace and especiallyStrasbourg put pressure on Catholic institutions. In 1580 Laurent Gutjahr, the abbot of Altorf, acquired property in Molsheim; theBenedictines, established since the 11th century in Altorf, a town lacking fortifications, moved here for safety behind the ramparts of Molsheim. Also in 1580, theJesuits established a school in Molsheim whichLeopold V, Archduke of Austria. Similarly, in 1591, due to the suppression of theCarthusians inStrasbourg, members of the ordermoved to Molsheim and built a convent, the splendid stained glass of which was partly destroyed during theFrench Revolution. The stained glass that survived the Revolution was eventually transferred to Strasbourg.
The town's coat of arms features abreaking wheel of gold, in which a nude man with a golden halo is interlaced and bound, against an azure field. The coat of arms is based on a seal of 1263 representing the martyrdom ofSaint George.
Historically, several languages have been spoken in theAlsace region (which included Molsheim), depending on what nation or country has claimed this region and whether some language was imposed or, was willingly adopted. Thehistory of Alsace records such power struggles and language swaps. Linguistically speaking, this city is located in what is considered the NorthernLow Alemannic zone of the historical region of Alsace. Prior to the intense "francophonization" in that and other regions of France, afterWorld War II, that dialect ofAlsatian, which itself is a derivative of the mentioned Low AlemannicGerman dialect, was spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of Molsheim.Currently, most people in Molsheim can speak French, which is rapidly replacing Alsatian as the latterdeclines.[6][7]
It was attested in the form "Mollesheim" (Molles + heim) around 820. (SeeHistory of Molsheim).Albert Dauzat andCharles Rostaing did not comment on the origin of the first element, Molles-, they simply associated it with the name of another town,Molring (called "Mollering" around 1304) which would be formed with the surname Moller. Moller might be an alternative spelling of Möller, which, in turn, is a variant of Müller ("miller").[8] The [r] at the end of Moller would have been assimilated to [s]". Ernest Nègre explains this toponym by the Germanic personal name Mudila[9][10] + suffix -heim (home, house, small settlement, village) from Proto-Germanic through Old High German.[11] Leon Dominian wrote that the "Alemanni are responsible for the suffix "heim" in Alsace. Towns and villages with names bearing this suffix are restricted to the plain". He also explained that the -ingen suffix is a later Allemannic alternative to -heim, which, in time, shortened to -ing or, was frenchified as -ange.[12]
At theMercedes-Benz plant in Molsheim (Mercedes-Benz Custom Tailored Trucks), trucks are converted into special-purpose vehicles:fire trucks, garbage trucks, municipal vehicles (snow plows, sweepers, etc.),military transporters and other heavy-duty transporters such as theMercedes-Benz Arocs/Actros SLT.
The lighting manufacturerOsram operates a plant in Molsheim.
Molsheim is also the headquarters of Merck subsidiary Millipore S.A.S., which produces laboratory equipment, and of Messier-Bugatti, a subsidiary of Safran (aerospace technology).
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