Melissa Franklin Johnson[2] (néeFranklin; born May 10, 1995) is an American former competitiveswimmer and five-timeOlympic gold medalist. She held theworld record in the 200-meter backstroke (long course) from 2012 to 2019.[3][4] As a member of the U.S. national swim team, she also held the world records in the 4×100-meter medley relay (short course and long course).[5]
In her Olympic debut at the2012 Summer Olympics at age 17, Franklin won a total of five medals, four of which were gold. She swept the women's backstroke events, winning gold in both the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke. Franklin's successes earned herSwimming World's World Swimmer of the Year and the American Swimmer of the Year award in 2012 as well as theFINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2011 and 2012. In total, she won twenty-eight medals in international competition: seventeen gold, six silver, and five bronze, spanning theOlympics, theWorld Championships, the short courseWorld Championships, and thePan Pacific Championships. Franklin's eleven gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships was arecord in women's swimming beforeKatie Ledecky broke it in 2017.
Franklin won theLaureus WorldSportswoman of the Year award in 2014.[6] In December 2018, she announced her retirement from the sport.[7]
Franklin was born inPasadena, California, the only child of Dick and D. A. Franklin. When she was a baby, her mother was very worried about water safety, so Franklin started swimming purely because her parents wanted her to get comfortable with the water.[8] She grew up inAurora, Colorado, and began taking swimming classes there at the age of five, at the urging of her mother. She attendedRegis Jesuit High School inAurora, Colorado, and graduated in 2013.[9]
Both of Franklin's parents are Canadian and Franklin holds American and Canadiandual citizenship.[10] Her father, Dick, was born inSt. Catharines, Ontario. A former All-Canadian football player forSaint Mary's University inHalifax, Nova Scotia, he played briefly for theToronto Argonauts of theCanadian Football League as an offensive lineman. After an injury ended his football career, he returned to Halifax to pursue an MBA degree atDalhousie University, where he met his future wife, a medical student. While working for 7-Up in Ontario, Dick was transferred to the United States. Ultimately the family settled inDenver, Colorado, where Dick had a senior position withCoors Brewing Company.[10] Franklin's mother suggested that her daughter consider competing for Canada to ease the pressure of qualifying for the U.S. National Team due to the competitive depth of American swimmers. Franklin, however, chose to represent the United States, citing her patriotism for her homeland.[11]
Franklin is 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) tall and has women's size 13 inch feet. "We call them built-in flippers," says her father.[12] She has been coached byTodd Schmitz from the Colorado Stars club team since she was 7 years old.[13]
During her rise to stardom surrounding the 2012 Olympics, Franklin continued to refuse prize money and endorsements so that she could maintain her amateur status to compete in college.[14][15] In 2012, she accepted an athletic scholarship to attend theUniversity of California, Berkeley, where she began swimming for coachTeri McKeever'sCalifornia Golden Bears women's swimming team during the 2013–14 academic year.[16][17] At Cal, Franklin is a four-time individualNCAA champion: winning the 200-yard freestyle in 2014 and 2015, and the 200-yard backstroke and individual medley in 2015. She won theHonda Sports Award as the nation's top female swimmer in 2015, as well as theHonda Cup awarded to the nation's top female athlete.[18][19] After the 2015 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships, in which Franklin won three individual NCAA titles, Franklin turned professional, thus ending her NCAA career. After leaving Berkeley to train for the 2016 Olympics with her Colorado team, in January 2018 Franklin elected to begin training at theUniversity of Georgia.[1] She graduated with a degree in religion from the University of Georgia in December 2019.[20]
At the age of seven, Franklin joined the Colorado Stars travel swim team. It was not obvious to Franklin's parents that Missy possessed such a natural talent until other members’ parents brought it to her parents’ attention. At the age of twelve, Franklin began competing against girls who were much older than her.[8] At the age of 13, Franklin competed at the2008 U.S. Olympic Team Trials inOmaha, Nebraska, but did not qualify to swim in any events at the2008 Summer Olympics. Her best result was 37th place in the 100-meter freestyle. By the time Missy graduated from high school, she possessed half of the Colorado High School Activities Association time records for girls high school swim.[21][22][23]
At the 2010 National Championships, Franklin competed in six individual events, and qualified to swim at the2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships by finishing second in the 100- and 200-meter backstroke.[24][25] At the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, Franklin finished fourth in the 100-meter backstroke and did not make the A final for the 50- and 200-meter backstroke.[26][27][28] Franklin earned the first international medals of her career at the2010 FINA Short Course World Championships inDubai. In the 200-meter backstroke, Franklin finished in second place, behind French swimmerAlexianne Castel.[29] Franklin also earned a silver medal in the 4×100-meter medley relay for her contribution in the heats.[30] For her performance in 2010, Franklin won the Breakout Performer of the Year Award at the seventh annualGolden Goggle Awards.[31]
In her first long course world championship meet at the2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, Franklin won a total of five medals, three gold, one silver, and one bronze. In her first event, the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, Franklin won a silver medal withNatalie Coughlin,Jessica Hardy andDana Vollmer in a time of 3:34.47. Swimming the second leg, Franklin had a split of 52.99, the second-best among all participants.[32] Franklin won her first individual medal, a bronze, in the 50-meter backstroke, finishing behind RussianAnastasia Zuyeva and JapaneseAya Terakawa.[33] Shortly after the 50-meter backstroke final, Franklin competed in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay withDagny Knutson,Katie Hoff andAllison Schmitt and won gold ahead of Australia and China in a time of 7:46.14. Franklin's lead-off time of 1:55.06 was faster than the winning time of ItalianFederica Pellegrini in the individual 200-meter freestyle final (1:55.58).[34] After setting thenational record in the semi-finals of the 200-meter backstroke (2:05.90), Franklin dominated the field in the final with a time of 2:05.10, breaking her own national record and winning gold. This was Franklin's first individual world title, and her time in the final was the third-fastest effort of all time.[35] Shortly after the 200-meter backstroke final, Franklin competed in the 4×100-meter medley relay withNatalie Coughlin,Rebecca Soni, andDana Vollmer and won gold with a time of 3:52.36, over three seconds ahead of second-place finisher China. Swimming the freestyle leg, Franklin had a split of 52.79, the fastest in the field. The final time of 3:52.36 for the medley relay was the second-fastest effort of all time, just behind the Chinese-owned world record of 3:52.19.[36] For her performance at these championships, she won the Female Athlete of the Year, Female Race of the Year (200-meter backstroke), and the Relay Performance of the Year (4×100-meter medley relay) Award at the eighth annualGolden Goggle Awards.[37] She was also named the best female swimmer for 2011 byFINA Aquatics World Magazine.[38]
Three days after the 2011 World Aquatics Championships ended in Shanghai on July 30, Franklin traveled toPalo Alto, California to compete at the 2011 National Championships, which began on August 2. At these championships, Franklin competed in four individual events, and the 4×100er career in the 100-meter backstroke and freestyle.[39][40] She also placed fourth in the 200-meter individual medley and twelfth in the 50-meter freestyle.[41][42]
Towards the end of 2011 in October, at the2011 FINA Swimming World Cup, Franklin set the firstworld record of her career in the 200-meter backstroke, bettering the previous record of 2:00.13 held byShiho Sakai with a time of 2:00.03. In breaking the record, Franklin became the first female to break an individual world record since the high-tech bodysuits were banned in January 2010.[3] Franklin's second world record came at the2011 Duel in the Pool in December. In the 4×100-meter medley relay, Franklin combined withNatalie Coughlin,Rebecca Soni, andDana Vollmer to break the previous American-owned world record in a time of 3:45.56, bettering the previous record of 3:47.97. Swimming the freestyle leg, Franklin had a split of 51.32.[5]
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Swimming | ||
Representingthe United States | ||
| Summer Olympics | ||
 | 100 m backstroke | 58.33 (AM) |
| 200 m backstroke | 2:04.06 (WR) |
| 4×200 m freestyle | 7:42.92 (OR) |
| 4×100 m medley | 3:52.05 (WR) |
 | 4×100 m freestyle | 3:34.24 (AM) |
During the preparation for the London Summer Olympic trials, Franklin could be drug tested from six in the morning until eleven at night, and had to report where she was at all times. She would be given one hour a day and within that hour she had to be at that exact location, in case they would come to drug test her. Franklin started training for the London Olympics withKara Lynn Joyce on the Colorado stars swim team. Within the London Olympic trials, Franklin became the first female to qualify for seven Olympic events.[43]
At the2012 United States Olympic Trials, Franklin qualified to swim in four individual events at the2012 Summer Olympics. In her first event, the 100-meter backstroke, Franklin won the final with a time of 58.85, breakingNatalie Coughlin'sAmerican record of 58.94 seconds.[44] In her second event, the 200-meter freestyle, Franklin placed second behindAllison Schmitt by over two seconds with a time of 1:56.79.[45] In her third individual event, Franklin finished second in the 100-meter freestyle behindJessica Hardy with a time of 54.15.[46] Her second-place finish came less than half an hour after swimming in the 200-meter backstroke semi-finals, where she finished first overall with a time of 2:07.91. In the 200-meter backstroke final, her fourth individual event, Franklin finished first with a time of 2:06.12.[47]
On the first day of the swimming competition at the 2012 Olympics in London, Franklin won a bronze medal in the4×100-meter freestyle relay withJessica Hardy,Lia Neal, andAllison Schmitt, with the U.S. team finishing behind Australia and the Netherlands.[48] Swimming the lead-off leg, Franklin had a personal best of 53.52 seconds and the team finished with a total time of 3:34.24, anAmerican record. Franklin's first leg in the relay was also the fastest lead-off of the field. In her first individual event on the third day of the swimming competition, the100-meter backstroke, Franklin won the gold medal with a time of 58.33 seconds, beating her own national record.[49] Her win in the backstroke came less than fifteen minutes after completing the 200-meter freestyle semi-finals, where she qualified for the final. The following day, Franklin competed in the200-meter freestyle and placed fourth in the final with a time of 1:55.82, one one-hundredth of a second behind third-place finisherBronte Barratt.[50] A day after the 200-meter freestyle, Franklin won her third medal of the meet, a gold, in the4×200-meter freestyle relay withDana Vollmer,Shannon Vreeland andAllison Schmitt. Swimming the lead-off leg, Franklin posted a time of 1:55.96 and the U.S. team finished with a time of 7:42.92, a new American record.[51] A day after completing the relay, Franklin competed in her third individual event,100-meter freestyle. In the final, Franklin placed fifth with a time of 53.64 seconds.[52] Franklin was able to bounce back from that performance, and in her fourth and last individual event held the following day, the200-meter backstroke, Franklin won her second individual gold of the Olympics with aworld record time of 2:04.06, betteringKirsty Coventry's record of 2:04.81. In winning the 200-meter backstroke, Franklin also became the first American female to win the event at the Olympics sinceMelissa Belote did in 1972, forty years earlier.[53] In her final event, the4×100-meter medley relay, Franklin won gold withRebecca Soni,Dana Vollmer andAllison Schmitt. Swimming the backstroke leg, Franklin recorded a time of 58.50 seconds, and the U.S. team went on to set the world record with a time of 3:52.05, besting the Chinese-owned record of 3:52.19 set in 2009.[54]
At the end of the year, Franklin was named theWorld Swimmer of the Year and American Swimmer of the Year bySwimming World Magazine. She was also named the best female swimmer for 2012 byFINA Aquatics World Magazine.
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Swimming | ||
| Representingthe United States | ||
| World Championships | ||
| 100 m backstroke | 58.42 |
| 200 m backstroke | 2:04.76 (CR) |
| 200 m freestyle | 1:54.81 |
| 4×100 m freestyle | 3:32.31 (AM) |
| 4×200 m freestyle | 7:45.14 |
| 4×100 m medley | 3:53.23 |
At the 2013 US National Championships, Franklin qualified to swim in five individual events at the2013 World Aquatics Championships. At the National Championships, she finished first in the 100- and 200-meter freestyle and backstroke, and second in the 50-meter backstroke.
At the2013 World Aquatics Championships inBarcelona, Franklin swam seven total events – four individual and three relays, though she later withdrew from the 50-meter backstroke after the heats. At the meet, Franklin won six gold medals, setting a new record for the most golds won by a female swimmer at a single edition of the World Championships.[55] Despite being the first woman in history to win six gold medals at a single World Championships, she lost out the award of Swimmer of the Meet to teammateKatie Ledecky for her two world record-breaking performances and four gold medals.
On the first day of the pool competition and her first event the4×100-meter freestyle relay, Franklin lead-off the relay with a time of 53.51. She was over a second behind Australia's lead-offCate Campbell, but teammatesNatalie Coughlin andShannon Vreeland made up some ground and anchorMegan Romano overtook the Australian team in the last 20 meters to give the Americans the gold medal. The final time of 3:32.31 was an American record, breaking the previous record of 3:34.24. In her first individual event held on the third day of the pool competition, the100-meter backstroke, Franklin won gold in a time of 58.42, six-tenths of a second ahead ofEmily Seebohm of Australia. On the fourth day, Franklin decided to scratch the 50-meter backstroke since it was right before the 200-meter freestyle. In the200-meter freestyle, Franklin won her third gold in a personal best time of 1:54.81, touching 0.33 seconds ahead of second-place finisherFederica Pellegrini. On the fifth day, Franklin won gold in the4×200-meter freestyle relay along with teammatesKatie Ledecky,Shannon Vreeland, andKarlee Bispo. Swimming the anchor leg and diving in with a deficit of over a second, Franklin was able to track down AustralianAlicia Coutts, recording a split of 1:54.27 and the team finishing with a time of 7:45.14. On the sixth day, Franklin competed in the100-meter freestyle and placed fourth in the final with a time of 53.47, just missing the medal podium. A day after her 100-meter freestyle swim, Franklin successfully defended her title in the200-meter backstroke, winning with a time of 2:04.76 and setting a new championship record. In her last event, the4×100-meter medley relay, Franklin combined withJessica Hardy,Dana Vollmer, andMegan Romano to win gold in a time of 3:53.23. Swimming the backstroke leg, Franklin recorded a time of 58.39.
At the 2014 U.S. National Championships, Franklin won the 100-meter backstroke with the third fastest American time ever, leading a sweep of the event by Cal Berkeley swimmers.[56] She also won the 200-meter backstroke and the 100-meter freestyle, and finished second in the 200-meter freestyle behindKatie Ledecky.[57][58][59]
Despite being hampered by a back injury, Franklin swam in four individual events and three team relays at the2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships. In total, she won one gold, two silvers, and one bronze medal.
Franklin won her only individual medal in the 100-meter backstroke by finishing third with a time of 1:00.30. In the 100-meter freestyle and the 200-meter backstroke, she placed fourth. In the 200-meter freestyle, Franklin failed to qualify for the A final, but won the B final with the second-fastest time among all finalists, securing her place on the U.S. team for the 2015 World Championships in this event.
Franklin teamed withShannon Vreeland,Leah Smith, andKatie Ledecky to win the 4×200-meter freestyle relay. Swimming withSimone Manuel,Abbey Weitzeil, and Vreeland, Franklin placed second in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, and with teammatesJessica Hardy, Kendyl Stewart, and Manuel, she finished second in the 4×100-meter medley relay.
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Swimming | ||
| Representingthe United States | ||
| World Championships | ||
 | 200 m backstroke | 2:06.34 |
| 200 m freestyle | 1:55.49 |
| 4×100 m freestyle | 3:34.61 |
| 4×100 m freestyle mixed | 3:23.05 (WR) |
| 4×200 m freestyle | 7:45.37 |
At the2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Russia, Franklin competed in the 100- and 200-meter backstroke, the 100- and 200-meter freestyle, and four relay events. She won a bronze medal as a member of the U.S. team in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, and another bronze in the 200-meter freestyle. She finished fifth in the final of the 100-meter backstroke. Franklin won her first gold medal of the 2015 championships as a member of the first-place U.S. team in the women's 4×200-meter freestyle relay. She also won a silver in the 200-meter backstroke event and gold in the mixed 4×100-meter freestyle relay.
On August 15 and 16, Franklin swam in the second stop of the 2015 FINA World Cup. She competed in four events: 100- and 200-meter backstroke; 100- and 200-meter freestyle. In the first day of the races she qualified for the final in the 200-meter backstroke and 200-meter freestyle events where she won bronze and silver, respectively. During the next day of the event, Franklin won silver in 100-meter freestyle and bronze in 100-meter backstroke.
In 2016, Franklin placed second in the 200 m freestyle,[60] 200 m backstroke,[61] and also qualified for the 4 × 200 m freestyle team at theUS Olympic Swimming Trials.
At the2016 Summer Olympics Franklin tied for 13th place in the200m freestyle semifinals, with a time of 1:57.56, and did not make the cut for the finals.[62]She placed 7th in the 200 meter backstroke for her heat in the semifinals and did not make the finals.Also at the 2016 Summer Olympics, Franklin won a gold medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay for swimming in the heats.
Franklin announced her retirement from the sport of swimming on December 19, 2018.[63][64] She is an ambassador for the USA Swimming Foundation and is a principal spokesperson for theSaving Lives Is Always in Season national campaign.[65]
| Long course | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Event | Time | Meet | Date | Note(s) |
| 50 m backstroke | 27.98 | 2013 US National Championships | June 28, 2013 | |
| 100 m backstroke | 58.33 | 2012 Summer Olympics | July 30, 2012 | FormerAM |
| 200 m backstroke | 2:04.06 | 2012 Summer Olympics | August 3, 2012 | FormerWR |
| 100 m freestyle | 53.36 | 2013 World Championships | August 1, 2013 | |
| 200 m freestyle | 1:54.81 | 2013 World Championships | July 31, 2013 | |
| Short course | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Event | Time | Meet | Date | Note(s) |
| 100 m backstroke | 56.73 | 2011 World Cup | October 23, 2011 | |
| 200 m backstroke | 2:00.03 | 2011 World Cup | October 22, 2011 | |
| 100 m freestyle | 52.09 | 2011 World Cup | October 23, 2011 | |
| 200 m freestyle | 1:52.74 | 2015 Duel in the Pool | December 12, 2019 | |
| 200 yd freestyle | 1:39.10 | 2015 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Champions | March 20, 2015 | FormerNR |
| No. | Pool | Distance | Event | Time | Meet | Location | Date | Age | Note(s) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SC | 200 m | Backstroke | 2:00.03 | 2011 World Cup | Berlin, Germany | October 22, 2011 | 16 | [66] | |
| 2 | SC | 4×100 m | Medley relay | 3:45.56 | 2011 Duel in the Pool | Atlanta, Georgia, US | December 16, 2011 | 16 | [a] | [67] |
| 3 | LC | 200 m | Backstroke | 2:04.06 | 2012 Summer Olympics | London, United Kingdom | August 3, 2012 | 17 | [53] | |
| 4 | LC | 4×100 m | Medley relay | 3:52.05 | 2012 Summer Olympics | London, United Kingdom | August 4, 2012 | 17 | [b] | [54] |
Franklin says her favorite athlete isNatalie Coughlin.[68]
Franklin was raised Christian but did not attend church or identify as religious until reading the Bible and taking theology classes in high school. As a Religion major at the University of Georgia, she took courses in several religions, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism.[69] She had already practiced yoga recreationally for three years, but learning about its Hindu roots in college made it a more spiritual experience for her.[70] At the time of her retirement, her academic interest in Hinduism was misreported as her being an adherent; in an interview about her Christian faith, Franklin said her Hindu interests were "blown a little bit out of proportion."[70][71][69]
Franklin got engaged to Hayes Johnson, who swam at theUniversity of Texas, on September 22, 2018.[72] The couple married on September 14, 2019.[73]In March 2021 she and her husband announced they were expecting a child. On August 11, 2021, their daughter Sarah Caitlin Johnson was born.[74] On October 31, 2024, Franklin announced that she is pregnant with their second daughter.[75]
Franklin appeared in a March 2013 episode ofPretty Little Liars as herself. She is the subject of the 2014 documentaryTouch the Wall along withKara Lynn Joyce. The film is directed by Christo Brock and Grant Barbeito, and documents Franklin's and Joyce's journey to the 2012 London Olympics. The film was noted for its celebration of female physical and emotional strength.[76] Franklin had a cameo in the big-budget comedyThe Internship, starring Vince Vaughn and Owen Wilson.[77]
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| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Women's 200-meter backstroke world record-holder (short course) October 22, 2011 – December 5, 2014 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Women's 200-meter backstroke world record-holder (long course) August 3, 2012 – July 26, 2019 | Succeeded by |
| Awards | ||
| Preceded by | Swimming World World Swimmer of the Year 2012 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | FINA Swimmer of the Year 2011, 2012 | Succeeded by Katie Ledecky |
| Preceded by Rebecca Soni | Swimming World American Swimmer of the Year 2012 | Succeeded by Katie Ledecky |
| Preceded by | Best Female College Athlete ESPY Award 2015 | Succeeded by Incumbent |
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