 A view of the Mission San Juan Bautista and its three-bellcampanario ("bell wall") and statue of Saint John the Baptist. Two of the bells were salvaged by Father Nick Senf in 2009 from the original chime, which was destroyed in the1906 San Francisco earthquake. | |
  Location in California | |
| Location | 406 2nd Street San Juan Bautista, California 95045 |
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| Coordinates | 36°50′42″N121°32′09″W / 36.845083°N 121.535889°W /36.845083; -121.535889 |
| Name as founded | La Misión del Glorios Precursor de Jesu Cristo, Nuestro Señor San Juan Bautista [1] |
| English translation | The Mission of the Glorious Precursor ofJesus Christ, Our Lord, SaintJohn the Baptist |
| Patron | Saint John the Baptist[2] |
| Nickname(s) | "Mission of Music" [3] |
| Founding date | June 24, 1797 [4] |
| Founding priest(s) | FatherFermín Lasuén [5] |
| Founding Order | Fifteenth[2] |
| Military district | Third[6] |
| Native tribe(s) Spanish name(s) | Mutsun,Yokuts Costeño |
| Native place name(s) | Popeloutchom [7] |
| Baptisms | 4,106[8] |
| Marriages | 1,003[8] |
| Burials | 2,854[8] |
| Secularized | 1835[2] |
| Returned to theChurch | 1859[2] |
| Governing body | Diocese of Monterey |
| Current use | Parish Church |
| Reference no. |
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| Website | |
| http://www.oldmissionsjb.org/ | |
Mission San Juan Bautista is aSpanish mission inSan Juan Bautista,San Benito County, California. Founded on June 24, 1797, byFermín de Lasuén of theFranciscan order, the mission was thefifteenth of the Spanish missions established in present-day California. Named forSaint John the Baptist, the mission is the namesake of the city of San Juan Bautista.
Barracks for the soldiers, a nunnery, theJose Castro House, thePlaza Hotel and other buildings were constructed around a large grassy plaza in front of the church and can be seen today in their original form. TheOhlone, the original residents of the valley, were brought to live at the mission and baptized, followed byYokuts from the Central Valley. Mission San Juan Bautista has served mass daily since 1797, and today functions as aparish church of theDiocese of Monterey.
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Following its creation in 1797, San Juan's population grew quickly. By 1803, there were 1,036 Native Americans living at the mission. Ranching and farming activity had moved apace, with 1,036 cattle, 4,600 sheep, 22 swine, 540 horses and 8 mules counted that year. At the same time, the harvest of wheat, barley and corn was estimated at 2,018 fanegas, each of about 220 pounds.
FatherPedro Estévan Tápis (who had a special talent for music) joined FatherFelipe Arroyo de la Cuesta, at Mission San Juan Bautista in 1815 to teach singing to the Native Americans. He employed a system of notation developed in Spain that uses varied colors or textures for polyphonic music, usually (from bottom to top) solid black, solid red, black outline (sometimes solid yellow) and red outline (or black outline when yellow was used). His choir of Native American boys performed for many visitors, earning the San Juan Bautista Mission the nickname "the Mission of Music." Two of his handwritten choir books are preserved at the San Juan Bautista Museum. When Father Tapis died in 1825 he was buried on the mission grounds. The town of San Juan Bautista, which grew up around the mission, expanded rapidly during theCalifornia Gold Rush and continues to be a thriving community today.
The mission is situated adjacent to theSan Andreas Fault, and has suffered damage from numerousearthquakes, such as those of 1800 and 1906. However, the mission was never entirely destroyed at once. It was restored initially in 1884, and then again in 1949 with funding from theHearst Foundation. The three-bellcampanario, or "bell wall," located by the church entrance, was fully restored in 2010. An unpaved stretch of the originalEl Camino Real, just east of the mission, lies on a fault scarp.[9]
Although initiallysecularized in 1835, the church was reconsecrated by theCatholic Church in 1859, and continues to serve as a parish of theDiocese of Monterey. The mission includes a cemetery, with the remains of over 4,000 Native American converts and Europeans buried there.
The mission and its grounds were featured prominently in the 1958Alfred Hitchcock filmVertigo. Associate producer Herbert Coleman's daughter Judy Lanini suggested the mission to Hitchcock as a filming location. A steeple, added sometime after the mission's original construction and secularization, had been demolished following a fire, so Hitchcock added a bell tower using scale models, matte paintings, and trick photography at theParamount studio in Los Angeles. The tower does not resemble the original steeple. The tower's staircase was assembled inside a studio.
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