Misliya Cave

מערת מיסליה
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Alternative name	Brotzen Cave
Location	Mount Carmel,Israel,Levant
Coordinates	32°44′29″N34°58′21″E / 32.7413°N 34.9724°E /32.7413; 34.9724
Length	80 m (262 ft)
History
Periods	Paleolithic
Cultures	Acheulo-Yabrudian complex Mousterian

Misliya Cave (Hebrew:מערת מיסליה), also known as the "Brotzen Cave" after Fritz Brotzen, who first described it in 1927, is a collapsed cave atMount Carmel,Israel, containing archaeological layers from theLower Paleolithic andMiddle Paleolithic periods. The site is significant inpaleoanthropology for the discovery of the second-oldest (afterApidima Cave in Greece) known remains attributed toHomo sapiensoutside Africa, dated to 185,000 years ago.^[1]

Excavations by teams ofUniversity of Haifa andUniversity of Tel Aviv were conducted in the 2000/1 season, yielding finds dated to between 300,000 and 150,000 years ago.^[2]

Of special interest is theMisliya-1 fossil, anupper jawbone discovered in 2002,^[3] and at first dated to "possibly 150,000 years ago" and classified as "early modernHomo sapiens" (EMHS).^[4] In January 2018, the date of the fossil has been revised to between 177,000 and 194,000 years ago (95% CI).^[5][6] This qualifies Misliya-1 as one of the oldest known fossil ofH. sapiens, of comparable age to theOmo remains (as well as those of Herto, identified as "archaicHomo sapiens", orHomo sapiens idaltu),^[7] and the second oldest modern humans ever found outside of Africa,^[1] the oldest being the skullApidima 1 from the south westernPeloponnese dated to roughly 210,000 years ago.^[8]

Prior to the discovery of Misliya,Jebel Faya in theUnited Arab Emirates had been considered to be the oldest settlement ofanatomically-modern humans outsideAfrica, with its deepest assemblage being dated to 125,000 years ago.^[9]

• 
  Gazelle upper jaw from Misliya Cave (early Middle Paleolithic)

• List of human evolution fossils
• Prehistory of the Levant

Wikimedia Commons has media related toMisliya Cave.

• Mina Weinstein-Evron et al.:Introducing Misliya Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel: A new continuous Lower/Middle Paleolithic sequence in the Levant. In:Eurasian Prehistory. Band 1, Nr. 1, 2003, S. 31–55.
• Mina Weinstein-Evron et al.:A Window into Early Middle Paleolithic Human Occupational Layers: Misliya Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel. In:Paleo Anthropology. 2012: 202−228,doi:10.4207/PA.2012.ART75
• Hélène Valladas, Norbert Mercier, Israel Hershkovitz et al.:Dating the Lower to Middle Paleolithic transition in the Levant: A view from Misliya Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel. In:Journal of Human Evolution. Band 65, Nr. 5, 2013, S. 585–593,doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.005

• Caves of Israel
• Prehistoric sites in Israel
• Recent African origin of modern humans
• Paleoanthropological sites
• Mount Carmel

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• Use dmy dates from December 2020
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