In theUTCtime standard, a minute on rare occasions has 61 seconds, a consequence ofleap seconds; there is also a provision to insert a negative leap second, which would result in a 59-second minute, but this has never happened in more than 40 years under this system.
History
Al-Biruni first subdivided the hoursexagesimally into minutes,seconds, thirds and fourths in 1000 CE while discussing Jewish months.[3]
Historically, the word "minute" comes from the Latinpars minuta prima, meaning "first small part". This division of the hour can be further refined with a "second small part" (Latin:pars minuta secunda), and this is where the word "second" comes from. For even further refinement, the term "third" (1⁄60 of a second) was once used, but most modern usage subdivides seconds by using decimals. The symbol notation of the prime for minutes and double prime for seconds can be seen as indicating the first and second cut of the hour (similar to how the foot is the first cut of theyard or perhapschain, with inches as the second cut). In 1267, the medieval scientistRoger Bacon, writing in Latin, defined the division of time betweenfull moons as a number of hours, minutes, seconds, thirds, and fourths (horae,minuta,secunda,tertia, andquarta) after noon on specified calendar dates.[4] Jost Bürgi was the first clock maker to include a minute hand on clock for astronomer Tycho Brahe in 1577.[5] The introduction of the minute hand into watches was possible only after the invention of thehairspring byThomas Tompion, an English watchmaker, in 1675.[6]
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