| Министерство Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий Ministerstvo Rossiiskoi Federatsii po delam grazhdanskoi oborony, chrezvychainym situatsiyam i likvidatsii posledstvii stikhiinykh bedstvii | |
 Ministry emblem | |
 Ministry digital emblem | |
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 Ministry headquarters inMoscow | |
| Agency overview | |
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| Formed | December 27, 1990 (1990-12-27) |
| Preceding agency |
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| Jurisdiction | President of Russia |
| Headquarters | Teatralny proyezd 3, Moscow 55°45′34″N37°37′18″E / 55.75944°N 37.62167°E /55.75944; 37.62167 |
| Minister responsible | |
| Parent agency | Government of Russia |
| Child agencies |
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| Website | en |
| Footnotes | |
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TheMinistry of Civil Defence, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (full name in Russian: Министерство Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий (МЧС России), English: Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of the Consequences of Natural Disasters (Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia)),[3][a] is aRussian government agency overseeing the civilemergency services in Russia.
PresidentBoris Yeltsin established EMERCOM on January 10, 1994, though the ministry can be traced back to December 27, 1990, when theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) established theRussian Rescue Corps and assigned it the mission of rapid response to emergencies.[4]
The history of civil defence services in Russia traces to the years of Muscovy rule and the 1649 "Direction on Municipal rescue" decree ofTsarAlexis of Russia which officially raised the Moscow Municipal Fire Service, the first active fire department in Russia. WhenPeter the Great was Tsar, Saint Petersburg was given its own fire department modeled on Western practices of the time. By 1863 it was transformed, by orders of TsarAlexander II of Russia, as the first ever professional fire service in Russia and Eastern Europe.
Starting in 1932 civil defense matters were performed by the Local Air Defense Units (Местная противовоздушная оборона PBO-C,Mestnaya protivovozdushnaya oborona PVO-S) under the nascentSoviet Air Defence Forces, which were transferred to theNKVD in 1940 (and served with distinction, together with the NKVD Fire Services Command founded in 1918, in theGreat Patriotic War). In 1960 it was returned to the Ministry of Defence as a service branch of theSoviet Armed Forces (the Civil Defence Forces of the Ministry of Defense) and a directly reporting agency, while the MVD retained the firefighting service.
In the aftermath of the events of the1988 Armenian earthquake and theChernobyl disaster, on July 17, 1990 a directive decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Russian Socialist Soviet Republic led to the formation of the Russian Rescue Corps (Российский корпус спасателей), which eventually was formed by the Soviet Government on December 27, 1990.[5] This date is marked as the official anniversary of the EMERCOM.
On April 17, 1991 the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Russia appointedSergei Shoigu as Chairman of the State Committee for Extraordinary Situations (Государственный Комитет по чрезвычайным ситуациям, ГКЧС), which succeeded the RRC.[6][7]
On November 19, 1991 the State Committee was merged with the Headquarters for Civil Defense of the USSR (under the Ministry of Defense) to create the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence Matters, Extraordinary Situations and the Liquidation of Natural Disasters (Государственный комитет по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий при Президенте РСФСР) and was subordinated to thePresident of Russia.
On January 10, 1994 the State Committee became part of theGovernment of Russia and the ministry was named The Ministry for the Affairs of Civil Defence, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief, with Sergei Shoigu as a minister.
On January 1, 2002, theRussian State Fire Service, the national fire service, became part of the ministry with 278,000 firefighters, removed fromMinistry of Internal Affairs control after 84 years.
On May 12, 2012,Vladimir Puchkov was appointed as the new minister, replacing Shoigu who was later appointed as Defense Minister after a brief stint as Governor of Moscow Oblast.[8]
On July 1, 2016, an EMERCOM firefightingIl-76crashed after taking off fromIrkutsk International airport while on its way to dump water as to help douse wildfires in Siberia.
According to an EMERCOM publication, the Ministry is an agency of federal executive power with the following tasks:
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The first Minister in charge of EMERCOM wasSergei Shoigu. He was appointed by President Yeltsin in November 1991 as Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence Matters, Extraordinary Situations and the Liquidation of Natural Disasters. Shoigu was given the rank ofMajor General in October 1994, and his committee became a ministry in January 1994. President Yeltsin showed his faith in the importance of EMERCOM by designating Minister Shoigu a member of theRussian Security Council byPresidential Decree on February 1, 1994. In May 2012 he was appointed asGovernor of Moscow Oblast and he resigned from his office.
Vladimir Puchkov was the Deputy Minister of Emergencies. In May 2012 he was appointed as Ministerfirst government of Dmitry Medvedev. Six years later, when thenew government was formed, he did not join the government.
Yevgeny Zinichev was appointed minister on May 18, 2018, in the second Medvedev government. Zinichev was not a career lifeguard and had served all his life in security agencies such as theKGB, theFSO and theFSB. Prior to appointment, Zinichev held the position of deputy director of the FSB. After the resignation of theSecond Medvedev cabinet in 2020, he retained his post in thenew government of Mikhail Mishustin.
Yevgeny Zinichev tragically died on 8 September 2021, aged 55, during the filming of an interdepartmental exercise to protect theArctic zone of Russia. According to the ministry, he fell off a cliff while trying to save the life of director and cameramanAleksandr Melnik, who also died. His death was the first case in the history of post-Soviet Russia of the death of an incumbent federal minister.
Aleksandr Kurenkov was appointed minister on 25 May 2022.[9]
Working through the office of thePrime Minister, the Ministry can ask for private,Ministry of Defence orNational Guard of Russia assistance. That is, the Ministry has international coordination power and the ability to tap local resources if required.
The Department of International Cooperation, to present an example of the activities of one of these departments and commissions, has already signed agreements on cooperation during disaster response and prevention with Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, Poland,Belarus, Georgia, andKazakhstan. Mutual assistance pacts are ready for signing withMongolia,Latvia, Finland,Armenia,Moldova,Serbia andEstonia. An agreement also exists with theU.N. High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), and agreements are sought with theOSCE andNATO.
To perform rapid response operations the following forces and equipment are available:
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Ministry of Emergency Situations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Генера́л-полко́вник Generál-polkóvnik | Генера́л-лейтена́нт Generál-leytenánt | Генера́л-майо́р Generál-mayór | Полко́вник Polkóvnik | Подполко́вник Podpolkóvnik | Майо́р Majór | Kапита́н Kapitán | Старший лейтена́нт Stárshiy leytenánt | Лейтенант Leytenant | Mла́дший лейтена́нт Mládshiy leytenánt | Курсант Kursant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Emergency Situations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ста́рший пра́порщик Stárshiy práporshchik | Пра́порщик Práporshchyk | Старшина́ Starshyná | Ста́рший сержа́нт Stárshiy serzhánt | Сержа́нт Serzhánt | Мла́дший сержа́нт Mládshiy serzhánt | Рядово́й Ryadovóy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Type | Origin | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|
| GAZelle GAZ-2705 | Utility Van |  Russia |  |
| PPU48-03 (Kamaz-43118 chassis) | Mobile control point | Russia | .jpg) |
| AM-RHR | Chemical Reconnaissance Car | Russia | |
| ASM-41-022 (baseUAZ-3909) | Rescue of general purpose | Russia |  |
| MAVR-588560S | Rescue vehicle | Russia | .jpg) |
| ASM-48-031 (Kamaz-43118 chassis) | Rescue vehicle | Russia | .jpg) |
| Car for transportation department paramilitary mountain rescue units (Kamaz-4308 based) | Russia | .jpg) | |
| Petrovich-204-60 | All-terrain vehicle | Russia | .jpg) |
| ZiL-49061 | Amphibious vehicle |  Soviet Union |
| Name | Type | Origin | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mars-700 | Hovercraft | Russia | .jpg) |
| Mars-2000 | Hovercraft | Russia |  |
| Khivus-6 | Hovercraft | Russia |  |
| Mongoose (project 12150M) | Airboat | Russia |  |
| PK-500[12] | Patrol boat | Russia | |
| RPK-640 | Patrol boat | Russia | |
| Kasatka-2M[13] | Patrol boat | Russia | .jpg) |
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[On] December 27, 1990 a decree by the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR № 606 "On the establishment of the Russian Rescue Corps as the RSFSR State Committee, as well as the formation of a unified state and social system of forecasting, prevention and emergency response" was adopted.
Media related toEMERCOM of Russia at Wikimedia Commons
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