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Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada

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(Redirected fromMinister of Justice (Canada))
Canadian Cabinet minister; main legal advisor to the government
Minister of Justice
Attorney General of Canada
Ministre de la Justice
procureur général du Canada
Incumbent
Sean Fraser
since May 13, 2025
Department of Justice
StyleThe Honourable
AbbreviationMoJAG[1]
Member of
Reports to
AppointerMonarch (represented by thegovernor general);[4]
on theadvice of the prime minister[5]
Term lengthAt His Majesty's pleasure
Inaugural holderSirJohn A. Macdonald
FormationJuly 1, 1867
SalaryCA$299,900 (2024)[6]
Websitecanada.justice.gc.ca

Category

Theminister of justice and attorney general of Canada (French:ministre de la justice et procureur général du Canada) is a dual-role portfolio in theCanadian Cabinet.[7]

The officeholder in the role ofMinister of Justice (Ministre de la Justice) serves as theminister of the Crown responsible for theDepartment of Justice and the justice portfolio, and in the role ofAttorney General (Procureur général),[8] litigates on behalf ofthe Crown and serves as the chief legal advisor to theGovernment of Canada. (Though most prosecution functions of the attorney general have been assigned to thePublic Prosecution Service of Canada. The attorney general is supported in this role by the director of public prosecutions, who is simultaneously the deputy attorney general.[8][9])

Attorney General of Canada

[edit]

The role was created in 1867 to replace theattorney general of Canada West andattorney general of Canada East.

As the top prosecuting officer in Canada, 'attorney general' is a separate title held by the minister of justice—a member of theCabinet. The minister of justice is concerned with questions of policy and their relationship to the justice system. In their role as attorney general, they are the chief law officer ofthe Crown. The roles have been connected since confederation. As a result of controversy, following theSNC-Lavalin affair,Anne McLellan was appointed to review the roles and prepare a report on whether they should be separated. She recommended the positions remain combined.[10][11]

This cabinet position is usually reserved for someone holding a legal qualification. There have been exceptions:Joe Clark only studied the first year of law atDalhousie University before transferring toUniversity of British Columbia Faculty of Law and dropping out to embark on political life.[12]

This cabinet portfolio has been held by many individuals who went on to become prime minister includingJohn Sparrow David Thompson,R. B. Bennett,Louis St Laurent,Pierre Elliott Trudeau,John Turner,Kim Campbell andJean Chrétien (Clark became MoJAG after his time as prime minister). This is the only Canadian Ministry (other than that of the prime minister) which has not been reorganized since its creation in 1867.

A separate cabinet position, theminister of public safety (formerly known as the "solicitor general") administers the law enforcement agencies (police, prisons, and security) of the federal government.

Ministers of justice and attorneys general

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Key:

  Liberal Party of Canada
  Historical conservative parties:Liberal-Conservative,Conservative (historical),Unionist,National Liberal and Conservative,Progressive Conservative
  Conservative Party of Canada
No.PortraitNameTerm of officePolitical partyMinistry
1SirJohn A. MacdonaldJuly 1, 1867November 5, 1873Liberal-Conservative1(Macdonald)
2Antoine-Aimé DorionNovember 7, 1873May 31, 1874Liberal2(Mackenzie)
SirAlbert James Smith
(Acting)
June 1, 1874July 7, 1874Liberal
3Télesphore FournierJuly 8, 1874May 18, 1875Liberal
4Edward BlakeMay 19, 1875June 7, 1877Liberal
5Rodolphe LaflammeJune 8, 1877October 8, 1878Liberal
6James McDonaldOctober 17, 1878May 18, 1881Conservative (historical)3(Macdonald)
7Alexander CampbellMay 20, 1881September 24, 1885Conservative (historical)
8SirJohn ThompsonSeptember 26, 1885June 6, 1891Conservative (historical)
June 16, 1891November 24, 18924(Abbott)
December 5, 1892December 12, 18945(Thompson)
9SirCharles Hibbert TupperDecember 21, 1894January 5, 1896Conservative (historical)6(Bowell)
Thomas Mayne Daly
(Acting)
January 6, 1896January 14, 1896Liberal-Conservative
10Arthur Rupert DickeyJanuary 15, 1896April 27, 1896Conservative (historical)
May 1, 1896July 8, 18967(Tupper)
11SirOliver MowatJuly 13, 1896November 17, 1897Liberal8(Laurier)
12David MillsNovember 18, 1897February 7, 1902Liberal
13Charles FitzpatrickFebruary 11, 1902June 3, 1906Liberal
14SirAllen AylesworthJune 4, 1906October 6, 1911Liberal
15Charles DohertyOctober 10, 1911July 9, 1920Conservative (historical)910(Borden)
July 10, 1920September 20, 192111(Meighen)
16R. B. BennettOctober 4, 1921December 28, 1921Conservative (historical)
17Lomer GouinDecember 29, 1921January 3, 1924Liberal12(King)
18Ernest Lapointe
(1st time)
January 4, 1924
(Acting until Jan.30)
June 28, 1926Liberal
Hugh Guthrie
(Acting)
June 29, 1926July 12, 1926Conservative (historical)13(Meighen)
19Esioff-Léon PatenaudeJuly 13, 1926September 24, 1926Conservative (historical)
(18)Ernest Lapointe
(2nd time)
September 25, 1926August 6, 1930Liberal14(King)
20Hugh GuthrieAugust 7, 1930August 11, 1935Conservative (historical)15(Bennett)
21George Reginald GearyAugust 14, 1935October 22, 1935Conservative (historical)
(18)Ernest Lapointe
(3rd time)
October 23, 1935November 26, 1941Liberal16(King)
Joseph-Enoil Michaud
(Acting)
November 27, 1941December 9, 1941Liberal
22Louis St. Laurent
(1st time)
December 10, 1941December 9, 1946Liberal
23James Lorimer IlsleyDecember 10, 1946June 30, 1948Liberal
(22)Louis St. Laurent
(2nd time)
July 1, 1948
(Acting until Sep.10)
November 14, 1948Liberal
24Stuart GarsonNovember 15, 1948June 20, 1957Liberal17(St. Laurent)
25Davie FultonJune 21, 1957August 8, 1962Progressive Conservative18(Diefenbaker)
26Donald FlemingAugust 9, 1962April 21, 1963Progressive Conservative
27Lionel ChevrierApril 22, 1963February 2, 1964Liberal19(Pearson)
28Guy FavreauFebruary 3, 1964June 29, 1965Liberal
George McIlraith
(Acting)
June 30, 1965July 6, 1965Liberal
29Lucien CardinJuly 7, 1965April 3, 1967Liberal
30Pierre TrudeauApril 4, 1967April 19, 1968Liberal
April 20, 1968July 5, 196820(P. E. Trudeau)
31John TurnerJuly 6, 1968January 27, 1972Liberal
32Otto Lang
(1st time)
January 28, 1972September 25, 1975Liberal
33Ron BasfordSeptember 26, 1975August 2, 1978Liberal
(32)Otto Lang
(2nd time)
August 3, 1978
(Acting until Aug.9)
November 23, 1978Liberal
34Marc LalondeNovember 24, 1978June 3, 1979Liberal
35Jacques FlynnJune 4, 1979March 2, 1980Progressive Conservative21(Clark)
36Jean ChrétienMarch 3, 1980September 9, 1982Liberal22(P. E. Trudeau)
37Mark MacGuiganSeptember 10, 1982June 29, 1984Liberal
38Donald JohnstonJune 30, 1984September 16, 1984Liberal23(Turner)
39John CrosbieSeptember 17, 1984June 29, 1986Progressive Conservative24(Mulroney)
40Ray HnatyshynJune 30, 1986December 7, 1988Progressive Conservative
Joe Clark
(Acting)
December 8, 1988January 29, 1989Progressive Conservative
41Doug LewisJanuary 30, 1989February 22, 1990Progressive Conservative
42Kim CampbellFebruary 23, 1990January 3, 1993Progressive Conservative
43Pierre BlaisJanuary 4, 1993June 24, 1993Progressive Conservative
June 25, 1993November 3, 199325(Campbell)
44Allan RockNovember 4, 1993June 10, 1997Liberal26(Chrétien)
45Anne McLellanJune 11, 1997January 14, 2002Liberal
46Martin CauchonJanuary 15, 2002December 11, 2003Liberal
47Irwin CotlerDecember 12, 2003February 5, 2006Liberal27(Martin)
48Vic ToewsFebruary 6, 2006January 3, 2007Conservative28(Harper)
49Rob NicholsonJanuary 4, 2007July 13, 2013Conservative
50Peter MacKayJuly 13, 2013November 4, 2015Conservative
51Jody Wilson-RaybouldNovember 4, 2015January 14, 2019Liberal29(J. Trudeau)
52David LamettiJanuary 14, 2019July 26, 2023Liberal
53Arif ViraniJuly 26, 2023March 14, 2025Liberal
54Gary AnandasangareeMarch 14, 2025May 13, 2025Liberal30(Carney)
55Sean FraserMay 13, 2025IncumbentLiberal

See also

[edit]
Historical roles

References

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  1. ^Canada, Department of Justice (2017-03-20)."Patriation, the Recognition of Rights and Reconciliation".gcnws. Retrieved2019-03-10.
  2. ^"The Canadian Parliamentary system - Our Procedure - House of Commons".www.ourcommons.ca. Retrieved2020-04-20.
  3. ^"Review of the Responsibilities and Accountabilities of Ministers and Senior Officials"(PDF).
  4. ^"Constitutional Duties".The Governor General of Canada. Retrieved2020-04-20.
  5. ^"House of Commons Procedure and Practice - 1. Parliamentary Institutions - Canadian Parliamentary Institutions".www.ourcommons.ca. Retrieved2020-04-20.
  6. ^"Indemnities, Salaries and Allowances". April 1, 2024. RetrievedMarch 15, 2025.
  7. ^International, Radio Canada (2019-03-04)."Political scandal Canada: dual office of Justice Minister and Attorney-General, a concern?".RCI | English. Retrieved2019-03-10.
  8. ^abGovernment of Canada, Department of Justice (2016-04-15)."Roles and Responsibilities of the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada - Department of Justice Canada Minister's Transition Book".www.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved2019-03-10.
  9. ^Branch, Legislative Services (2019-04-01)."Consolidated federal laws of Canada, An Act respecting the office of the Director of Public Prosecutions".laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved2025-10-12.
  10. ^McLellan, Anne (August 14, 2019)."Review of the Roles of the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada".Prime Minister of Canada. RetrievedAugust 14, 2019.
  11. ^Gollom, Mark (August 14, 2019)."McLellan advises against splitting roles of attorney general, justice minister".CBC News. RetrievedAugust 14, 2019.
  12. ^"ARCHIVED - Clark-Biography-First Among Equals".www.collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved2021-03-11.

Further reading

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Attorneys-General of the Americas
Sovereign
states
Dependencies
andterritories
Provinces
Territories
Attorneys general of theBritish Empire and theUnited Kingdom
Legend
Current territory
Former territory
* Now aCommonwealth realm
Now a member of theCommonwealth of Nations
Europe
North America
17th century and before18th century19th and 20th century
South America
Africa
17th and 18th centuries19th century20th century
Asia
17th and 18th century19th century20th century
8League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by theAnglo-Iraqi Treaty
Oceania
18th and 19th centuries20th century
Antarctica and South Atlantic
  • 14. Since 2009 part ofSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
  • 15. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).
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