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Minamoto no Yoshitomo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Samurai of the late Heian period; the head of the Minamoto clan
In thisJapanese name, thesurname is Minamoto.
Minamoto no Yoshitomo
源義朝
Head ofKawachi Genji
Preceded byMinamoto no Tameyoshi
Succeeded byMinamoto no Yoritomo
Personal details
Born1123
DiedFebruary 11, 1160
NationalityJapanese
Spouse(s)Yura Gozen
RelationsTokiwa Gozen (concubine)
Children
Parents
Military service
AllegianceMinamoto clan
Branch/serviceMinamoto clan
Former Hiraji battle warfare Yoshimasa Shirakawa night view. It features Minamoto no Yoshitomo.

Minamoto no Yoshitomo (源 義朝) (1123 – 11 February 1160) was the head of theMinamoto clan and a general of the lateHeian period ofJapanese history. His sonMinamoto no Yoritomo becameshōgun and founded theKamakura shogunate, the first shogunate in the history ofJapan.

HisDharma name wasShōjō Juin (勝定寿院).

Hōgen Rebellion

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With the outbreak of theHōgen Rebellion in 1156, the members of the Minamoto andTairasamurai clans were called into the conflict. Yoshitomo andTaira no Kiyomori both threw their support behindEmperor Go-Shirakawa andFujiwara no Tadamichi, while Yoshitomo's father,Minamoto no Tameyoshi, sided with the retiredEmperor Sutoku andFujiwara no Yorinaga. Yoshitomo, defeating his father and the forces of Sutoku and Yorinaga, became head of the Minamoto clan and established himself as the main political power in the capital ofKyoto. However, despite attempts to have his father pardoned, Tameyoshi was executed. In the aftermath of the rebellion, the Taira and Minamoto became two of the strongest and most influential clans in Japan, which turned the two clans into bitter rivals.[1]

Heiji Rebellion

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In the first months of 1160 whileTaira no Kiyomori was absent from the capital of Kyoto, Yoshitomo andFujiwara no Nobuyori placed Go-Shirakawa under house arrest and killed his retainers, including the scholarFujiwara no Michinori, in what is called theHeiji rebellion. The civil war wasn't to go on for very long as Kiyomori declared his support for the Emperor and rapidly defeated the rebel forces within the span of a month.[1]: 255–258 

While making his escape from Kyoto, Yoshitomo was forced to sacrifice his son Tomonaga to buy time. Even so, Yoshitomo was eventually betrayed and murdered while taking a bath. Three of his surviving sons,Yoritomo,Yoshitsune andNoriyori, were spared execution and exiled by the victorious Kiyomori. However, Yoshitomo's allies Yoshihira and Nobuyori were both executed.[2]

His grave inAichi Prefecture is surrounded on all sides by wooden swords (bokuto), as by legend his last words were "If only I'd had a bokuto...".

Family

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Yoshitomo fathered five sons in total. His two sons,Yoshihira andTomonaga, lost their lives following the Minamoto Clan's defeat in theHeiji Rebellion in 1160. At the time of the outbreak of theGenpei War in 1180,Minamoto no Yoritomo was his eldest surviving son. His other two surviving sons wereMinamoto no Noriyori andMinamoto no Yoshitsune.

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toMinamoto no Yoshitomo.

References

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  1. ^abSansom, George (1958).A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. pp. 210–211,255–256.ISBN 0804705232.
  2. ^Turnbull, Stephen (1977).The Samurai, A Military History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 40.ISBN 0026205408.

Bibliography

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  • Turnbull, Stephen (1998).The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co. page 60.
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