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Military ranks of the Kingdom of Romania

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TheMilitary ranks of the Kingdom of Romania were the military insignia used by theKingdom of Romania. Following the abolition of the monarchy, the ranks were replaced withthose of the Socialist Republic of Romania.

Army

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Commissioned officer ranks

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The rank insignia ofcommissioned officers.

Rank group	General / flag officers					Senior officers			Junior officers
1846 ^[1]
1846 ^[1]			General inspector			Polcovnic		Maior	Căpitan	Porucic	Praporșcic
1861 ^[2]
1861 ^[2]			General primar	General de divizie	General de brigadă	Colonel	Locotenent-colonel	Maior	Căpitan	Locotenent	Sublocotenent
1912 ^[3]^[4]^[a]
1912 ^[3]^[4]^[a]			General de corp de armată	General de divizie	General de brigadă	Colonel	Locotenent-colonel	Maior	Căpitan	Locotenent	Sublocotenent
1916 ^[5]
1916 ^[5]			General de corp de armată	General de divizie	General de brigadă	Colonel	Locotenent-colonel	Maior	Căpitan	Locotenent	Sublocotenent
1931 ^[6]^[7]
1931 ^[6]^[7]	Mareșal	General de armată	General de corp de armată	General de divizie	General de brigadă	Colonel	Locotenent-colonel	Maior	Căpitan	Locotenent	Sublocotenent
Rank group	General / flag officers					Senior officers			Junior officers

Other ranks

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The rank insignia ofnon-commissioned officers andenlisted personnel.

Rank group					Junior NCOs		Enlisted
1846 ^[8]
1846 ^[8]			Feldfebel		Caporal-Subofițer	Subofițer	Caporal-efreitor	Soldat
1912 ^[3]^[4]
1912 ^[3]^[4]		Plutonier maior	Plutonier		Sergent	Caporal	Fruntaș	Soldat
1931 ^[6]^[9]
1931 ^[6]^[9]	Plutonier adjutant	Plutonier maior	Plutonier	Sergent maior	Sergent	Caporal	Fruntaș	Soldat

Navy

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Commissioned officer ranks

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The rank insignia ofcommissioned officers.

Rank group	General / flag officers										Senior officers						Junior officers
^[10]
^[10]	Mareșal		Amiral		Viceamiral		Contraamiral		Contraamiral de flotilă		Comandor		Căpitan-comandor		Locotenent-comandor		Căpitan		Locotenent			Aspirant

Other ranks

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The rank insignia ofnon-commissioned officers andenlisted personnel.

Rank group	Senior NCOs																						Junior NCOs						Enlisted
^[11]
^[11]									Plutonier maior		Plutonier						Sergent maior						Sergent				Caporal		Marinar fruntaș						Marinar

Air force

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Commissioned officer ranks

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The rank insignia ofcommissioned officers.

Rank group	General / flag officers				Senior officers			Junior officers
1931 ^[12]^[13]
1931 ^[12]^[13]		General inspector	General comandant	General de escadră aeriană	Comandor	Căpitan-comandor	Locotenent-comandor	Căpitan	Locotenent	Sublocotenent
Late World War 2 ^[12]^[14]^[15]^[13]
Late World War 2 ^[12]^[14]^[15]^[13]	Mareșal^[16]	General inspector	General comandant	General de escadră aeriană	Comandor	Căpitan-comandor	Locotenent-comandor	Căpitan	Locotenent	Sublocotenent
Rank group	General / flag officers				Senior officers			Junior officers

Other ranks

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The rank insignia ofnon-commissioned officers andenlisted personnel.

Rank group	Senior NCOs					Junior NCOs		Enlisted
1931 ^[12]
1931 ^[12]		Adjutant șef	Adjutant major	Adjutant	Adjutant stagiar	Sergent	Caporal	Fruntaș	Soldat
Late World War 2 ^[12]^[14]^[15]^[17]
Late World War 2 ^[12]^[14]^[15]^[17]		Adjutant șef	Adjutant major	Adjutant/(ground staff)	Adjutant stagiar	Sergent	Caporal	Fruntaș	Soldat
Rank group	Senior NCOs					Junior NCOs		Enlisted

Footnotes

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^Color for the infantry service branch and generals shown. Each service branch as well as the tenRoșiori regiments had distinct colors for the rank insignia.

References

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Citations

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^Muzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 9, 11–12.
^Muzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 30.
^^a ^bThomas & Babac 2001, p. 46.
^^a ^bMuzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 57.
^Muzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 58.
^^a ^bLittlejohn 1994b, p. 95-96.
^Mollo 1981, p. 203.
^Muzeul Militar Național 1930, p. 9.
^Mollo 1981, p. 203, 306.
^Mollo 1981, p. 206.
^Mollo 1981, p. 206, 306.
^^a ^b ^c ^dTod Rathbone."Romanian Air Force".rathbonemuseum.com.
^^a ^bMoroșanu & Melinte 2010, p. 189.
^^a ^bLittlejohn 1994b, p. 98-99.
^^a ^bRosignoli 1983, Plate 76.
^"Centenarul nașterii Regelui Mihai I al României. Uniforma regală de aviație".glasulcetatii.ro (in Romanian). 12 October 2021.
^Moroșanu & Melinte 2010, p. 188.

Bibliography

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Littlejohn, David (1994b).Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 4 (2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing.ISBN 0-912138-36-X.
Mollo, Andrew (1981).The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, insignia, and organization. New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers.ISBN 0-517-54478-4. Retrieved31 March 2022.
Moroșanu, Teodor Liviu; Melinte, Dan (2010).Romanian Fighter Colours 1941-1945. MMPBooks.ISBN 978-83-89450-90-6.
Muzeul Militar Național (1930).Uniformele Armatei Române 1830-1930(PDF) (in Romanian). Bucharest: Atelierele Marvan. Retrieved21 January 2025.
Rosignoli, Guido (1983).Badges and insignia of World War II: Air Force, Naval, Marine. Blandford Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd.ISBN 0-671-06008-2.
Thomas, Nigel; Babac, Dusan (2001).Armies in the Balkans 1914–18. Men-at-Arms. Osprey Publishing.ISBN 978-1841761947.

External links

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"Romania 1881-1947 (Kingdom)".uniforminsignia.org. The International Encyclopedia of Uniform Insignia. Retrieved11 August 2021.

Military ranks and insignia by country

List of comparative military ranks

Africa

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros DR Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
States with limited recognition	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland
Former	People's Republic of Angola Biafra Bophuthatswana Ciskei Kingdom of Egypt Ethiopian Empire Katanga People's Republic of Mozambique Rhodesia South West Africa Transkei Venda Zaire
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted Apartheid States in Southern Africa

Americas

Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Officers: Army Navy Air Force Coast Guard Enlisted: Army Navy Air Force Coast Guard Other: Marine Corps Space Force Warrant officer Opposing forces Uruguay Venezuela
Former	Canada (pre-Unification) Confederate States of America Union Army Navy Costa Rica Republic of Cuba Empire of Brazil Panama Republic of Texas Army Navy United States Army enlisted World War I World War II
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted

Asia

Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia PR of China Army Navy Air Force Rocket Force Aerospace Force Cyberspace Force Information Support Force Joint Logistics Support Force Armed Police China Coast Guard India Army Air Force Navy Coast Guard Border Roads Organisation Paramilitary forces Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea North South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Army Navy Air Force Marines Civil Armed Forces Maritime Security Agency Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Army Navy Air Force Coast Guard Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan (Republic of China)
Former	Artsakh China Empire Republic (1912–1949) Dutch East Indies East Turkestan (Second Republic) People's Republic of Kampuchea Imperial Iran Imperial Japan Army Navy Korea Empire Liberation Army Kingdom of Laos Manchukuo Mengjiang Mongolian People's Republic Tibet Tuva Vietnam State South South Yemen
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted

Europe

Albania Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Army Navy Air Force Home Guard Estonia Finland France Army Navy Gendarmerie Air and Space Force Foresters Germany Georgia Greece Hungary Iceland Land Forces Coast Guard Ireland Italy Army Navy Air Force Carabinieri Finance Guard Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg North Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Army Navy Air Force Cossacks Between 1994 and 2010 San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Officers: Army Navy Air Force Other: Army Navy Air Force Vatican
States with limited recognition	Kosovo Northern Cyprus Transnistria
Former	Albania Kingdom People's Socialist Republic Austria–Hungary Army Navy Bulgaria Kingdom People's Republic Independent State of Croatia Czechoslovakia German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Army Navy Air Force East Germany Kingdom of Greece Army Navy Air Force France Napoleonic Grand Army Hungary Kingdom People's Republic Italy Kingdom Social Republic Ottoman Empire Polish People's Republic Republika Srpska Romania Kingdom Socialist Republic Russian Empire White Movement Slovakia (First Republic) Soviet Union 1918–35 1935–40 1940–43 1943–55 1955–91 Spain 2nd Republic State Yugoslavia Kingdom Socialist Federal Republic Federal Republic
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted

Oceania

Australia Fiji New Zealand Papua New Guinea Tonga Vanuatu
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted

Language

Anglophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted
Arabophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted
Francophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted Gendarmerie Officers Enlisted
Hispanophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted
Lusophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted Military police Officers Enlisted