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| MiG-17 | |
|---|---|
.jpg) PZL-Mielec Lim-5, Polish variant of the MiG-17 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Fighter aircraft |
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Mikoyan-Gurevich |
| Status | In limited service |
| Primary users | Soviet Air Forces (historical) People's Liberation Army Air Force (historical) Polish Air Force (historical) Vietnam People's Air Force (historical) |
| Number built | 10,649 including Polish, Czech and Chinese variants |
| History | |
| Introduction date | October 1952 |
| First flight | 14 January 1950 |
| Developed from | Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 |
| Variants | PZL-Mielec Lim-6 Shenyang J-5 |
| Developed into | Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 |
TheMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 (Russian:Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-17;NATO reporting name:Fresco)[1] is a high-subsonicfighter aircraft produced in the Soviet Union from 1952 and was operated by air forces internationally. The MiG-17 was license-built inChina as theShenyang J-5 andPoland as thePZL-Mielec Lim-6. The MiG-17 is still being used by theNorth Korean air force in the present day and has seen combat in theMiddle East andAsia.
The MiG-17 was an advanced modification of theMiG-15 aircraft produced by theSoviet Union during theKorean War. Production of the MiG-17 was too late for use in that conflict and was first used in theSecond Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958. While the MiG-17 was designed to shoot down slower American bombers, it showed surprising success when used by North Vietnamese pilots to combat American fighters and fighter-bombers during theVietnam War, nearly a decade after its initial design. This was due to the MiG-17 being more agile and maneuverable than the AmericanF-4 Phantom andF-105 Thunderchief, which were focused on speed and long range combat, as well as the fact that MiG-17 was armed with guns, which initial models of the F-4 Phantom lacked.
While the MiG-15bis introduced swept wings to air combat over Korea, the Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau had already begun work on its replacement in 1949 (originally the MiG-15bis45) in order to fix any problems found with the MiG-15 in combat.[2] The result was one of the most successful transonic fighters introduced before the advent of true supersonic types such as theMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 andNorth American F-100 Super Sabre. The design would ultimately still prove effective into the 1960s when pressed into subsonic dogfights over Vietnam against much faster planes that were not optimized for maneuvering in such slower speed, short-range engagements.
While the MiG-15 used a Mach sensor to deploy airbrakes because it could not safely exceed Mach 0.92, the MiG-17 was designed to be controllable at higher Mach numbers.[3] Early versions that retained the original Soviet copy of theRolls-Royce Nene engine, theKlimov VK-1, were heavier with equal thrust. Later MiG-17s would be the first Soviet fighter application of anafterburner, which burned extra fuel in the exhaust of the basic engine to give extra thrust at a high efficiency cost.
Though the MiG-17 looks very similar to the MiG-15, it had a new thinner and more highlyswept wing and tailplane for speeds approaching Mach 1. While theF-86 introduced the"all-flying" tailplane, which made the aircraft more controllable near the speed of sound, this feature would not be adopted on MiG aircraft until the fully supersonic MiG-19.[4] The wing sweep was 45° (like the U.S. F-100 Super Sabre) near the fuselage and 42° for the outboard part of the wing.[5] The stiffer wing resisted the tendency to bend its wingtips and lose aerodynamic symmetry unexpectedly at high speeds and wing loads.[2]
Other easily visible differences to its predecessor were the addition of a thirdwing fence on each wing, the addition of a ventral fin and a longer and less tapered rear fuselage that added about one meter in length. The MiG-17 shared the sameKlimov VK-1 engine, and much of the rest of its construction such as the forward fuselage, landing gear and gun installation was carried over.[5] The first prototype, designated I-330 "SI" by the construction bureau, was flown on 14 January 1950, piloted by Ivan Ivashchenko.[6]
In the midst of testing, pilot Ivan Ivashchenko was killed when his aircraft developed flutter, which tore off his horizontal tail, causing a spin and crash on 17 March 1950. Lack of wing stiffness also resulted in aileron reversal which was discovered and fixed. Construction and tests of additional prototypes "SI-2" and experimental series aircraft "SI-02" and "SI-01" in 1951, were generally successful. On 1 September 1951, the aircraft was accepted for production, and formally given its own MiG-17 designation after so many changes from the original MiG-15. It was estimated that with the same engine as the MiG-15's, the MiG-17's maximum speed is higher by 40–50 km/h, and the fighter has greater maneuverability at high altitude.[6]
Serial production started in August 1951, but large quantity production was delayed in favor of producing more MiG-15s so it was never introduced in the Korean War. It did not enter service until October 1952, when the MiG-19 was almost ready to be flight tested. During production, the aircraft was improved and modified several times. The basic MiG-17 was a general-purpose day fighter, armed with threecannons, one Nudelman N-37 37 mm cannon and two 23 mm with 80 rounds per gun, 160 rounds total. It could also act as afighter-bomber, but itsbombload was considered light relative to other aircraft of the time, and it usually carried additional fuel tanks instead of bombs.
Although a canopy that provided clear vision to the rear—necessary forair-to-air combat (dogfighting), like the F-86—was designed, production MiG-17Fs got a cheaper rear-view periscope, which would still appear on Soviet fighters as late as theMiG-23. By 1953, pilots got safer ejection seats with protective face curtains and leg restraints like theMartin-Baker seats in the West. The MiG-15 had suffered for its lack of aradar gunsight, but in 1951, Soviet engineers obtained a capturedF-86 Sabre from Korea, and copied the optical gunsight and SRD-3 gun ranging radar to produce the ASP-4N gunsight and SRC-3 radar. The combination would prove deadly over the skies of Vietnam against aircraft such as the F-4 Phantom, whose pilots lamented that guns and radar gunsights had been omitted as obsolescent.[2]
The second prototype variant, "SP-2" (dubbed "Fresco A" by NATO), was aninterceptor equipped with aradar. Soon a number of MiG-17P ("Fresco B") all-weather fighters were produced with theRP-1 Izumrud radar and front air intake modifications.
In early 1953 the MiG-17F day fighter entered production. The "F" indicated it was fitted with the VK-1F engine with anafterburner by modifying the rear fuselage with a new convergent-divergent nozzle and fuel system. Early VK-1F engines that were specifically modified to equip the MIG-17F had issues during prolonged normal afterburner usage, due to the insufficient heat resistance of the alloys used for the external nozzle body and stator vanes. Because of this, early 1953-1955 production planes had a special afterburner unit that used a separate tank filled with 90%ethanol for consumption in the afterburner due to its lower combustion temperature. This engine variant was labeled VK-1F(A). Later production jets used a normal system with on-board fuel. The afterburner doubled the rate of climb and greatly improved vertical maneuvers. But while the plane was not designed to be supersonic, skilled pilots could just dash to supersonic speed in a shallow dive, although the aircraft would often pitch up just short of Mach 1. This became the most popular variant of the MiG-17. The next mass-produced variant, MiG-17PF ("Fresco D") incorporated a more powerful Izumrud RP-2 radar, though they were still dependent on Ground Control Interception to find and be directed to targets. In 1956 a small series (47 aircraft) was converted to the MiG-17PM standard (also known asPFU) with four first-generationKaliningrad K-5 (NATO reporting name AA-1 'Alkali')air-to-air missiles. A small series of MiG-17R reconnaissance aircraft were built with VK-1F engine (after first being tested with theVK-5F engine).
5,467 MiG-17, 1,685 MiG-17F, 225 MiG-17P and 668 MiG-17PF were built in the USSR by 1958. Over 2,600 were built under licence in Poland and China.
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In 1955,Poland received a license for MiG-17 production. The MiG-17F was produced by theWSK-Mielec factory under the designationLim-5 (an abbreviation oflicencyjny myśliwiec – license-built fighter). The first Lim-5 was built on 28 November 1956 and 477 were built by 1960. Apart from Poland, a number were exported to Bulgaria, designated as MiG-17F.[8] An unknown number were built as the Lim-5Rreconnaissance variant, fitted with the AFA-39 camera. In 1959–1960, 129 MiG-17PF interceptors were produced as the Lim-5P. WSK-Mielec also developed several Polishstrike variants based on the MiG-17: theLim-5M, produced from 1960;Lim-6bis, produced from 1963 (totaling 170 aircraft). Additionally some Lim-5Ps were converted in the 1970s into attack Lim-6Ms whereas other Lim-5, Lim-6bis and Lim-5P aircraft were modified for reconnaissance role as the Lim-6R, Lim-6bis R and Lim-6MR.
In thePeople's Republic of China (PRC), an initial MiG-17F was assembled from parts in 1956, with license production following in 1957 atShenyang. The Chinese-built version is known as theShenyang J-5 (for local use) or F-5 (for export). Similarly the MiG-17PF was manufactured there as the J-5A (F-5A for export). Altogether 767 of these single-seater variants were built.
MiG-17s were designed to intercept straight-and-level-flying enemy bombers, not for dogfighting with other fighters.[9] This subsonic (Mach .93) fighter was effective against slower (Mach .6-.8), heavily loaded U.S. fighter-bombers, as well as the mainstay American strategic bombers during the MiG-17's development cycle (such as theBoeing B-50 Superfortress orConvair B-36 Peacemaker, which were both still powered by piston engines). It was not however able to intercept the new generation of British jet bombers such as theAvro Vulcan andHandley Page Victor, which could both fly higher. The USAF's introduction of strategic bombers capable of supersonic dash speeds such as theConvair B-58 Hustler andGeneral Dynamics FB-111 rendered the MiG-17 obsolete in front-linePVO service, and they were supplanted by supersonic interceptors such as theMiG-21 and MiG-23.
MiG-17s were not available for the Korean War, but saw combat for the first time over the Straits of Taiwan when the Communist PRC MiG-17s clashed with theRepublic of China (ROC, Nationalist China) F-86 Sabres in 1958.
MiG-17s downed a spy aircraft in the1958 C-130 shootdown incident over Armenia, with 17 casualties.[10]
In 1960, the first group of approximately 50 North Vietnamese airmen were transferred to the PRC to begin transitional training onto the MiG-17. By this time the first detachment of Chinese trained MiG-15 pilots had returned to North Vietnam, and a group of 31 airmen were deployed to theVietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) base at Son Dong for conversion to the MiG-17. By 1962 the first North Vietnamese pilots had finished their MiG-17 courses in theSoviet Union and the PRC, and returned to their units; to mark the occasion, the Soviets sent as a "gift" 36 MiG-17 fighters and MiG-15UTI trainers to Hanoi in February 1964. These airmen would create North Vietnam's first jet fighter regiment, the 921st.[11] By 1965, another group of MiG pilots had returned from training inKrasnodar, in the USSR, as well as from the PRC. This group would form North Vietnam's second fighter unit, the 923rd Fighter Regiment. While the newly created 923rd FR operated only MiG-17s, and initially these were the only types available to oppose modern American supersonic jets before MiG-21s and MiG-19s were introduced into North Vietnamese service (the 925 FR regiment was formed in 1969, flying MiG-19s).[12]
American fighter-bombers had been in theatre flying combat sorties since 1961,[13] and the U.S. had many experienced pilots from the Korean War andWorld War II, such as World War II veteranRobin Olds.[14][15] Untried MiGs and pilots of the VPAF would be pitted against some of the most combat experienced airmen of theU.S. Air Force (USAF) andU.S. Navy. On 3 April 1965 six MiGs took off fromNoi Bai Air Base in two groups of two and four respectively, with the first acting as bait and the second being the shooters. Their target were U.S. Navy aircraft supporting an USAF 80-aircraft strike package trying to knock out theThanh Hóa Bridge. The MiG-17 leader, Lt. Pham Ngoc Lan, attacked a group ofVought F-8 Crusaders ofVF-211 fromUSS Hancock and damaged an F-8E flown by Lt. Cdr. Spence Thomas, who managed to land the aircraft atDa Nang Air Base. A second F-8 was claimed by his wingman Phan Van Tuc, but this is not corroborated by USN loss listings.[16]
On 4 April 1965, the USAF made another attempt on the Thanh Hóa Bridge with 48Republic F-105 Thunderchiefs of the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing (TFW) loaded with 384 x 750 lb (340 kg) bombs. The Thunderchiefs were escorted by aMIGCAP flight ofF-100 Super Sabres from the416th Tactical Fighter Squadron (416th TFS). Coming from above, four MiG-17s from the 921st Fighter Regiment bypassed the escorts and dove onto the Thunderchiefs, shooting two of them down; the leader Tran Hanh downed F-105D BuNo.59-1754 of Major F. E. Benett, and his element leader Le Minh Huan downed F-105D BuNo.59-1764 of Captain J. A. Magnusson.[17][18] The Super Sabres engaged; one AIM-9 Sidewinder was fired and missed (or malfunctioned),[19] and another F-100D flown by Captain Donald Kilgus fired 20 mm cannons,[20] scoring a probable kill. Tran Hanh's wingman Pham Giay went down and was killed.[21] No other U.S. airmen reported any confirmed aerial kills during the air battle; Tran Hanh stated that three of his accompanying MiG-17s had been shot down by the opposing USAF fighters.[22]
Three F-100s from the MiGCAP, piloted by LtCol Emmett L. Hays, Capt Keith B. Connolly,[19] and Capt Donald W. Kilgus, all from the 416th TFS, had engaged the MiG-17s.[23] The four attacking MiGs from the 921st FR were flown by Flight Leader Tran Hanh, Wingman Pham Giay, Le Minh Huan and Tran Nguyen Nam.[24] Flight Leader Tran Hanh was the only Vietnamese survivor from the air battle and believed that the others in his flight were "... shot down by the F-105s."[22] Based upon the report, the USAF F-100s could have been mistaken for F-105s, and the loss of three MiG-17s was attributed to Super Sabres,[17] the first aerial victories of any American aircraft in the war. The F-100s themselves would never again encounter MiGs, being relegated toclose air support. They were replaced in the MiGCAP role by faster and longer range but less manoeuvrableMcDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantoms.
USAF Chief of Staff GeneralJohn P. McConnell was "hopping mad" to hear that two Mach-2-class F-105s had been shot down by Korean War-era subsonic North Vietnamese MiG-17s.[25]
In 1965, the NVAF had only 36 MiG-17s and a similar number of qualified pilots, which increased to 180 MiGs and 72 pilots by 1968. The Americans had at least 200 USAF F-4s and 140 USAF F-105s, plus at least 100 U.S. Navy aircraft (F-8s, A-4s and F-4s) which operated from the aircraft carriers in the Gulf of Tonkin, plus scores of other support aircraft. The Americans had a multiple numerical advantage.[26]
The MiG-17 was the primary interceptor of the fledgling VPAF in 1965, responsible for their first aerial victories and seeing extensive service during the Vietnam War. Some North Vietnamese pilots preferred the MiG-17 over the MiG-21 because it was more agile, though not as fast; three of the 16 VPAFAces of the war (credited with shooting down five or more opposing aircraft) were from MiG-17s. Those were:Nguyen Van Bay (seven victories), Luu Huy Chao and Le Hai (both with six).[27] The rest gained ace status in MiG-21s.
This table lists VPAF[28] and Chinese air-to-air kills. Sources include Hobson p. 271 and Toperczer (#25) pp. 88–90.
| Date/year | MiG-17 unit | Aircraft weapon used | Aircraft destroyed | Destroyed aircraft unit/comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4/4/1965 | VPAF 921st Fighter Regiment | 23 mm/37 mm | (2) Republic F-105 Thunderchiefs | USAF354th Tactical Fighter Squadron |
| 4/9/1965 | Unknown | 23 mm/37 mm | F-4B Phantom II | VF-96/Downed by Chinese MiGs |
| 6/20/1965 | Unknown | 23 mm/37 mm | F-4C | USAF45th TFS |
| 4/12/1966 | Unknown | 23 mm/37 mm | KA-3BSkywarrior | USNVAH-4 Aerial Re-Fueller (Air Tanker)/Downed by Chinese MiGs |
| 4/19/1966 | Unknown | 23 mm/37 mm | A-1E Skyraider | USAF602nd Air Commando Squadron |
| 6/21/1966 | 923rd Fighter Regiment | 23 mm/37 mm | Vought F-8E Crusader[29] | USN VF-211 |
| 1966 | 923rd FR | 23 mm/37 mm | (4) F-105Ds, (2) F-8Es, (2) F-4Cs, (1) RC-47D | USAF355th Tactical Fighter Wing,354th TFS,421st TFS,433rd TFS,555th TFS, 606th ACS. USNVF-111,VF-162. (3) F-105s and (2) F-4s were downed by unknown MiG units. |
| 4/19/1967 | 921st FR | 23 mm/37 mm | F-105F | USAF 357th TFS |
| 1967 | 923rd FR | 23 mm/37 mm | (1) A-1E, (3) F-4Cs, (1)A-4C Skyhawk, (1) F-4D | USAF390th TFS,433rd TFS, 602nd ACS; USN VA-76. F-4D downed by unknown MiG unit. (1) F-4C downed by Chinese MiGs. |
| 1968 | Unknown | 23 mm/37 mm | (2) F-4Ds, (1) F-105F | USAF357th TFS,435th TFS |
| 2/14/1968 | Unknown | 23 mm/37 mm | A-1H | USNVA-25/Downed by Chinese MiG |
| 7/10/1972 | 923rd FR | 23 mm/37 mm | F-4J | USNVF-103 |
| Total other: | 6 | |||
| Total F-4s | 11 | |||
| Total F-8s | 3 | |||
| F-105s | 8 | |||
| Total aircraft downed: | 28 | |||
| Technical data: | The VPAF made no distinction between their MiG-17s and J-5s.[30] Both mounted two 23 mm and one 37 mm cannons with enough ammunition for 5 seconds of continuous firing for all three guns. However the MiG-17 guns at a range of 1,500 m (5,000 ft) and with a two-second burst could strike an American jet with nearly 23 kg (50 lb) of metal. This contrasted to a two-second burst from USM61 Vulcan andColt Mk 12 cannon 20 mm cannons which hit with an approximate 27 and 16 kg (60 and 35 lb) of metal respectively.[31] | |||
VPAF flew their interceptors with guidance from ground controllers, who directed the MiGs to ambush American formations. The MIGs made fast attacks against US formations from several directions (usually the MiG-17s performed head-on attacks and the MiG-21s attacked from the rear). After shooting down a few American planes and forcing some of the F-105s to drop their bombs prematurely, the MiGs did not wait for retaliation, but disengaged rapidly. This "guerrilla warfare in the air" proved very successful.[32]
The MiG-17 was not originally designed to function as a fighter-bomber, but in 1971 Hanoi directed that United States Navy warships were to be attacked by elements of the VPAF. This would require the MiG-17 to be fitted with bomb mountings and release mechanisms. Chief Engineer of the VPAF ground crews, Truong Khanh Chau,[33] was tasked with the mission of modifying two MiG-17s for the ground attack role; after three months of work, the two jets were ready. On 19 April 1972, two pilots from the 923rd FR took their bomb laden MiG-17s and attacked the U.S. NavydestroyerUSS Higbee andlight cruiserUSS Oklahoma City. Each MiG was armed with two 250 kg (550 lb) bombs. Pilot Le Xuan Di managed to hit the destroyer's aft 5" (127 mm) gun mount, destroying it, but inflicting no fatalities, as the crewmen had vacated the turret earlier due to a malfunction with the gun system.[34]
From 1965 to 1972, MiG-17s from the VPAF 921st and 923rd FRs would claim 71 aerial victories against U.S. aircraft: 11 Crusaders, 16 F-105 Thunderchiefs, 32 F-4 Phantom IIs, two A-4 Skyhawks, seven A-1 Skyraiders, oneC-47 cargo/transport aircraft, oneSikorsky CH-3C helicopter and oneRyan Firebee UAV.,[35] while VPAF lost 63 MiG-17s in air combat[36] According to Russian sources, from 1965 to 1972, MiG-17s from the VPAF shot-down 143 enemy aircraft and helicopters, while VPAF lost 75 MiG-17s through all causes and 49 pilots were killed[37]
The American fighter community was shocked in 1965 when elderly, subsonic MiG-17s downed sophisticatedMach-2-class F-105 Thunderchief fighter-bombers over North Vietnam. As a result of these experiences the U.S. Air Force initiated project "Feather Duster" aimed at developing tactics that would enable the heavier American fighters to deal with smaller and more agile opponents like the MiG-17. To simulate the MiG-17 the U.S. Air Force chose the F-86H Sabre. One pilot who participated in the project remarked that "In any envelope except nose down and full throttle", either the F-100 or F-105 was inferior to the F-86H in a dogfight.[38][39] The project was generally successful in that the resulting tactics effectively minimized the disadvantages of the F-105, F-100 and other heavy American fighters while minimising the advantages of slower but more manoeuvrable fighters such as the F-86 and the MiG-17.[39]
Twenty countries flew MiG-17s. The MiG-17 became a standard fighter in allWarsaw Pact countries in the late 1950s and early 1960s. They were also bought by many other countries, mainly in Africa and Asia, that were neutrally aligned or allied with the USSR. The MiG-17 still flies today in the air forces of Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Mali, Madagascar, Sudan, and Tanzania, and by extension through the Shenyang J-5, North Korea. JJ-5s trainers are still in limited use in China as well.
TheEgyptian Air Force received its first MiG-17s in 1956, deploying them against the Israeli invasion of theSinai during the early stages of theSuez Crisis. When Britain and France launched air attacks against Egyptian air bases on 1 November 1956, Egyptian presidentGamal Abdel Nasser ordered the Egyptian Air Force not to oppose the Anglo-French air strikes, and where possible to evacuate its aircraft toSyria or Saudi Arabia, so while Egypt lost large numbers of aircraft, including MiG-17s, losses of pilots were relatively low. The losses were quickly replaced after the end of the war, and by June 1957 Egypt had about 100 MiG-17s.[40][41] Syria also operated the MiG-17, receiving 60 MiG-17Fs in 1957.[41] The two air forces gradually switched the MiG-17 to ground-attack duties in the early 1960s, as the MiG-21 supplanted it in the interceptor role.[41] From 1962, Egyptian forces became involved in theNorth Yemen Civil War, supporting therepublican government, with Egyptian MiG-17s flying ground attack operations.[42]
The MiG-17 formed a major part of the Arab air strength during theSix-Day War in June 1967.[43][44] The war started with amassive airstrike by Israel against Egyptian, Jordanian, Syrian and Iraqi airbases, with more than 150 Egyptian aircraft destroyed or damaged. Egypt's surviving MiG-17s were heavily deployed in ground attacks against Israeli forces in the Sinai.[43][45] The Soviet Union again replaced Egypt's losses after the war, and Egypt was soon involved in theWar of Attrition, a sustained series of armed clashes on and over Sinai, with Egypt's MiG-17s continuing to be used in the ground attack role. While the MiG-17 was slower and shorter-ranged than theSukhoi Su-7 that was the other main component of Egypt's ground-attack forces, the MiG-17 was more manoeuvrable and sustained lower losses.[46] From 1970, Egypt deployed detachments of MiG-17s to Sudan to support government forces during theFirst Sudanese Civil War.[47] The MiG-17 continued in use in theYom Kippur War. MiG-17s were used during theOfira Air Battle by Egypt. Egyptian and Syrian MiG-17s retired shortly after these wars.
At least 24 of them served with theNigerian Air Force and were flown by a mixed group of Nigerian andmercenary pilots from East Germany, Soviet Union, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and Australia during the 1967–70Nigerian Civil War.
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Indonesian Air Force received up to 65[48] MiG-17 in 1959,[49] consisted of Chinese-builtShenyang Type 56 and Polish-built Lim-5 and Lim-5P.[48] On 9 March 1960,an Indonesian Air Force pilot affiliated with thePermesta movement strafed several strategic locations in the capitalJakarta, including thepresidential palace, using a MiG-17 with tail number "F-1112".[50][51] During theOperation Trikora in 1961–1962, MiG-17s were deployed to the frontline airfields ofAmahai,Morotai and Letfuan in eastern Indonesia to provide air cover against potential attack by the Dutch. The deterioration of relationships with Eastern Bloc countries following the30 September Movement in 1965 and its subsequentanti-communist purge caused the Indonesian MiG-17 fleet to suffer maintenance problems due to lack of spare parts and support from foreign expert technicians. The MiG-17 along with most of Eastern Bloc type aircraft still in the Indonesian service were grounded in 1970.[49] Two Lim-5 were sold to the United States in early 1970s and used by the USAF's4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron.[52]
Four were hurriedly supplied by the USSR toSri Lanka during the1971 insurgency and were used for bombing and ground attack in the brief insurgency.
In 1958, a US Air Force Lockheed C-130was shot down by four MiG-17 fighters when it flew into Soviet airspace nearYerevan, Armenia while on aSun ValleySignal intelligence mission, with all 17 crew killed.
A number of U.S. federal agencies undertook a program atGroom Lake to evaluate the MiG-17 to help fight the Vietnam War, as the kill ratio against North Vietnamese MiG-17s and MiG-21s was only 2:1. The program was code-namedHAVE DRILL (see alsoHave Doughnut), involving trials of two ex-Syrian MiG-17F Frescos, acquired and provided by Israel, over the skies of Groom Lake.[53] These aircraft were given USAF designations and fake serial numbers so that they may be identified in DOD standard flight logs.
In addition to tracking the dog fights staged between the various MiG models against virtually every fighter in U.S. service, and against SAC's B-52 Stratofortresses and B-58 Hustlers to test the ability of the bombers’ countermeasures systems, they also performed radar cross-section and propulsion tests that contributed greatly to improvements in U.S. aerial performance in Vietnam.
According to theFederal Aviation Administration, there are 17 privately owned MiG-17s in the US.[54] Several MiG-17s have been seized due to questions over the legality of their import into the country.[55]
Some withdrawn aircraft were converted to remotely controlled targets.
Data from Combat Aircraft since 1945,[89] MiG: Fifty Years of Secret Aircraft Design[90]
General characteristics
Performance
Armament
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
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