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Middle Armenian

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Language of the second period in written Armenian

Middle Armenian
Cilician Armenian
Region	Armenian Highlands,Cilicia
Era	c. 1100 - 1700 AD developed intomodern Armenian
Language family	Indo-European Middle Armenian
Writing system	Armenian alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`axm`
Linguist List	`axm`
Glottolog	None

History of theArmenian language

Armenian hypothesis Proto-Armenian Classical Armenian (from 405) Middle Armenian (c. 1100 – 1700) Modern Armenian (c. 1700 – present) Eastern,Western, Zok,Homshetsi,Lomavren (mixed)
Armenian alphabet Romanization of Armenian
v t e

Middle Armenian (Armenian:Միջին հայերէն or կիլիկեան հայերէն), also calledCilician Armenian (a term may also refer to modern dialects),^[1] was the second phase of theArmenian language, spoken and written in between the 12th and 18th centuries, afterGrabar (Classical Armenian) and beforeAshkharhabar (Modern Armenian).^[2]

Classical Armenian was predominantly an inflecting and synthetic language; in Middle Armenian, during the period of Modern Armenian influence, agglutinative and analytical forms influenced the language.^[3] In this respect, Middle Armenian is a transition stage from Old Armenian to Modern Armenian (Ashkharhabar).^[4] Middle Armenian introduced the lettersօ (o) andֆ (fe), based on the Greek letters "o" and "φ".

Additions

[edit]

The letterօ, based on the Greek lettero, was added during this period. It originally represented the IPA sound/o/ (close-mid back rounded vowel), which developed out of theClassical Armenian diphthong աւ/ɑw/. Today, in theArmenian alphabet, it represents IPA/ↄ/ (open-mid back rounded vowel) and is indistinguishable in most cases from ո. Therefore, in standard orthography, o is only written word-initially (using ո represents the cluster/vↄ/ initially).

The letterֆ, based on the Greek letterφ, was added during this period. It represents the IPA sound/f/ (voiceless labiodental fricative), which isnot a native phoneme in Armenian. However, it was prevalent in borrowed words, making it necessary to use a letter to write it. It is still used today in theArmenian alphabet.^[5]

References

[edit]

^Karst, Josef (1901).Historische Grammatik des Kilikisch-Armenischen (in German). E.J. Trübner.
^Melkonian, Zareh (1990).Գործնական Քերականութիւն - Արդի Հայերէն Լեզուի (Միջին եւ Բարձրագոյն Դասընթացք) (in Armenian) (Fourth ed.).Los Angeles. p. 137.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^History of the Armenian Language in the Pre-Written Period, Yerevan, 1987.
^H. Acharian, History of the Armenian Language, parts I-II
^Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009).Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 18.ISBN 9789027238146. Retrieved19 May 2021.

External links

[edit]

Dictionary of Middle Armenian (Միջին Հայերենի Բառարան), Ruben Ghazarian, Yerevan, 2009.

v t e Armenian language
Origin	Armenian hypothesis Graeco-Armenian Armeno-Aryan
History	Proto-Armenian Classical Armenian (c. 405–1100) Middle Armenian (c. 1100–1700) Modern Armenian (from c. 1700) History of the Armenian alphabet
Alphabet	Orthography Classical Reformed Braille Romanization Numerals
Grammar	Verb table Eastern Western
Dialects	Standardized Western Akn Homshetsi Karin Kharberd–Yerznka Malatya Mush Nor-Nakhichevan Shabin–Karahisar Van Eastern Kakavaberd Karabakh Nor Jugha Yerevan Zok
Potentially Armenian dialects	Mannaean Mushkian Urumean
Literature	List of writers
Promotion and study	Armenian National Academy of Sciences Armenian studies
Related topics	Proverbs
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