Microelectronics is a subfield ofelectronics. As the name suggests, microelectronics relates to the study and manufacture (ormicrofabrication) of very small electronic designs and components. Usually, but not always, this means micrometre-scale or smaller. These devices are typically made fromsemiconductor materials. Many components of a normal electronic design are available in a microelectronic equivalent. These includetransistors,capacitors,inductors,resistors,diodes and (naturally)insulators andconductors can all be found in microelectronic devices. Unique wiring techniques such aswire bonding are also often used in microelectronics because of the unusually small size of the components, leads and pads. This technique requires specialized equipment and is expensive.
Digitalintegrated circuits (ICs) consist of billions of transistors, resistors, diodes, and capacitors.[1]Analog circuits commonly contain resistors and capacitors as well. Inductors are used in some high frequency analog circuits, but tend to occupy larger chip area due to their lower reactance at low frequencies.Gyrators can replace them in many applications.
As techniques have improved, the scale of microelectronic components has continued to decrease.[2] At smaller scales, the relative impact of intrinsic circuit properties, such as unintended interactions between components or their parts, may become more significant. These are calledparasitic effects, and the goal of the microelectronics design engineer is to find ways to compensate for or to minimize these effects, while delivering smaller, faster, and cheaper devices.
Today, microelectronics design is largely aided byelectronic design automation (EDA) software.
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