| Mickey's Mellerdrammer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Directed by | Wilfred Jackson |
| Written by | Wilfred Jackson Walt Disney |
| Produced by | Walt Disney |
| Starring | Pinto Colvig Walt Disney Marcellite Garner Billy Bletcher |
| Cinematography | Wilfred Jackson Walt Disney |
| Edited by | Wilfred Jackson Walt Disney |
| Music by | Oliver Wallace |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
Release date |
|
Running time | 8 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
Mickey's Mellerdrammer is a 1933 American animatedshort film produced byWalt Disney Productions and released byUnited Artists. The title is a corruption of "melodrama", thought to harken back to the earliestminstrel shows, as a film short based onHarriet Beecher Stowe's 1852anti-slavery novelUncle Tom's Cabin and starsMickey Mouse and his friends who stage their own production of the novel. It was the 54th Mickey Mouse short film, and the fourth of that year.[2]
The cartoon shows Mickey Mouse and some other characters dressed inblackface with exaggerated lips, bushy sidewhiskers made out ofcotton, and the usual white gloves.
Mickey Mouse,Minnie Mouse,Goofy (known then as Dippy Dawg),Horace Horsecollar, and others present their own low budget lighthearted rendition of the 19th-centuryTom shows for a crowd in a barn converted into a theater for the occasion.
Horace Horsecollar plays the white slave ownerSimon Legree. Minnie plays the young white girl, Eva. Mickey plays oldUncle Tom with cotton around his ears and chin, and the young slave girl Topsy.Clarabelle Cow plays the slave woman Eliza. Goofy plays the production stage hand.
The cartoon opens with Mickey and Clarabelle Cow in their dressing rooms applyingblackface makeup for their roles (Mickey originally used a small dynamite to black up his face). The cartoon is much more focused on the Disney characters' efforts to put on the play, than an animated version ofUncle Tom's Cabin. The cartoon contains many images of Mickey and the other characters using makeshift props as sight gags.
The cartoon closes with the characters coming out for a bow, and Horace Horsecollar is pelted with rotten tomatoes. When Goofy shows his face from behind the stage, he is hit with a chocolate pie, leaving him in what appears to be blackface, as Goofy laughs.
Stereotyped characterizations of black people were then common (withMickey's design itself apparently evolved from blackface caricatures used inminstrel shows, down to the gloves).[3] One of many films and cartoons of its era that referencedUncle Tom's Cabin,Mickey's Mellerdrammer features Mickey and others in explicitblackface.[4]Henry Louis Gates Jr. wondered how the cartoon evadedcensorship ofmiscegenation, given that Mickey and Minnie portray Tom and Eva, and are "as they say, an item, and unmistakably so". Additionally, Mickey is seen cross-dressing in the role of Topsy.[5]
In the beginning of this short, Clarabelle Cow appears in her dressing room applying lantern soot to her face and leaving an exaggerated area around her lips white. Mickey Mouse then takes a more "comical" approach to applying the makeup: he puts a firecracker in his mouth and lights it, which explodes, causing the ashes to paint his face black while leaving a large area around his lips white.[6]
Motion Picture Herald reviewed the cartoon on July 1, 1933: "This time Mickey, the inimitable, stages an "Uncle Tom meller", with assorted animated mishaps in the accepted, and approved, Mickey fashion, while the antics of the animated audience contribute not a few of the laughs. It is good cartoon material, and the youngsters, old and young, should enjoy it."[7]
The short was released on December 7, 2004 onWalt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Black and White, Volume Two: 1929-1935.[8]
Mickey Mouse isn't like a minstrel; he is a minstrel.
