TheMichigan Railroad Commission was an agency in thestate of Michigan which regulated the operations ofrailroads within the state. It was established by theMichigan Legislature in 1873; in 1919 it was abolished and its functions transferred to a new body, theMichigan Public Utilities Commission.

The office was established in 1873 as part of a general reform of the state's railroad laws. One requirement was that everycommon carrier railroad submit an annual report to the commission, which were then collected and published. These reports were published every year from 1873 until the abolition of the commission in 1919, and remain an important resource forhistorians. From 1905 onward the commissioner had some measure of control over the state police; this need was apparently prompted by a sharp increase in accidents involving the new electricinterurbans.

In 1907 a revision of the law expanded the office; the single commissioner was replaced a group of three. This was prompted by the urging of then-CommissionerChase Osborn, who believed the system of a single commissioner was antiquated that a "modern type" of commission with greater powers of intervention was necessary. To provide greater continuity in policy, the three commissioners would serve six-year terms at staggered intervals. The commission also received the power to enforce the state's rate regulations and to arbitrate disputes between companies concerning the application of those rates. The commission remained so structured until its replacement in 1919 by theMichigan Public Utilities Commission, which did not retain the title, nor did any of the sitting railroad commissioners serve on the new body.^{[1]: 262–263 [2]: 450–458}

The general railroad law of 1873 specified a number of rights and responsibilities for the "Commissioner of Railroads", including but not limited to:

• Reporting: Every railroad company was required by law to furnish a report of its operations to the commissioner including disposition ofcapital stock,assets andliabilities, company officers,debt, the value and disposition of itsphysical plant (including roadbed, bridges, stations,rolling stock and track), the number of miles operated by its trains during the preceding year, earnings and expenses broken down by month and source, expenditures on improvements and investments, rates charged for passenger and freight traffic, accidents on its lines and operating agreements with other companies. In turn, the commissioner was required to publish these reports.^{[nb 1]}
• Investigation: the commissioner was empowered by the act to inquire into the affairs of railroad companies independent of the annual reports, and permitted to usesubpoenas to compel testimony from company officials.^{[3]: 269–270}
• Inspection: the commissioner was empowered to inspect a company's physical plant, and to restrict the operation of passenger trains over sections of a line deemed unsafe. In 1886 and again in 1893, the commission closed theSt. Joseph Valley Railway to passenger traffic because of the deterioration of the roadbed.^{[3]: 269 [4]: 26, 29–30}

From 1873 until 1907 a single commissioner was appointed by theGovernor of Michigan. From 1907 until 1919 the governor appointed a body of three.^[5]

• GRAND TRUNK R. CO. OF CANADA v. MICHIGAN RAILROAD COMMISSION – 231 U.S. 457, a case heard by theUnited States Supreme Court which challenged theconstitutionality of the commission.

• 1873 establishments in Michigan
• 1919 disestablishments in Michigan
• State agencies of Michigan

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