Though Peña has been a regular in independent productions since 1996, his breakthrough performances came in twoBest PictureOscar-winningPaul Haggis-penned films,Million Dollar Baby (2004) andCrash (2004). The former was directed byClint Eastwood, and the latter was directed by Haggis. Though both films are critically acclaimed, Peña received attention for his particularly emotional performance inCrash. The following year, he appeared on theGolden Globe-winning seriesThe Shield. He starred inOliver Stone's film based on theSeptember 11, 2001 attacks,World Trade Center. He also had a small role inAlejandro González Iñárritu's filmBabel. This gives him the rare distinction of having appeared in three consecutive films nominated for the Best Picture Oscar.
Peña as the Master of Ceremonies for the Cesar E. Chavez Memorial in 2012
In 1999, Peña starred as Oscar inBellyfruit, an independent film about teen-pregnancy co-written and directed byKerri Green. In 2006, Peña starred in theHBO filmWalkout asSal Castro, a Mexican-American high school teacher who inspires a group ofEast L.A. high school students to fight forChicano rights.
In 2015, Peña was a principal player of the ensemble cast for his role on board the Ares-III space-craft to Mars, in the award-winningRidley Scott sci-filmThe Martian.Peña starred in12 Strong alongsideChris Hemsworth. He also starred in the 2018 remake ofA Wrinkle in Time, where he played the main antagonist, The IT, in his human form (known as "Red").[13] In 2020, Peña took a turn as the mysterious and enigmatic Mr. Roarke in the critically panned prequelFantasy Island.[14]
In December 2017, it was reported that Peña had joined the cast ofNarcos for its upcoming fourth season.[15] It was later revealed that the fourth season would be a new series,Narcos: Mexico, with Peña starring asDEA agentKiki Camarena.[16]
Peña voiced the character Ricky in theFX animated comedyChozen. InTurbo, he voiced Tito. He also provided vocals for the character Marguerite (in the episode "Hot Water") for the popular animated seriesAmerican Dad!.
In 2005, Peña formed the Los Angeles rock bandNico Vega, named after his mother, Nicolasa. He left the band in 2007 to concentrate on his acting career, but co-wrote the track "Beast", which reached No. 26 on theBillboard Hot Rock Songs Chart. Peña starred in a video created forMidlake's track "Bethel Woods", which premiered January 12, 2022. He returned with Nico Vega in December 2023.