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Merger Treaty

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1965 unification of the three economic communities of Europe

Merger Treaty
Treaty establishing a Single Council and a Single Commission of the European Communities
Type	Merging the judicial, legislative and administrative bodies of the threeEuropean Communities; and amending the three community treaties accordingly
Signed	8 April 1965
Location	Brussels,Belgium
Effective	1 July 1967
Expiration	1 May 1999 (Amsterdam Treaty)
Parties	"Inner Six" Belgium France West Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Depositary	Government of Italy
Citations	Subsequent amendment treaty:Single European Act (1986)
Languages	Dutch, French, German and Italian
Full text
Merger Treaty atWikisource

TheMerger Treaty, also known as theTreaty of Brussels,^[1] was aEuropean treaty which unified theexecutive institutions of theEuropean Coal and Steel Community (ECSC),European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and theEuropean Economic Community (EEC). The treaty was signed inBrussels on 8 April 1965 and came into force on 1 July 1967. It set out that theCommission of the European Communities should replace the High Authority of the ECSC, the Commission of the EEC and the Commission of Euratom, and that theCouncil of the European Communities should replace the Special Council of Ministers of the ECSC, the Council of the EEC and the Council of Euratom.^[2] Although each Community remained legally independent, they shared common institutions (prior to this treaty, they already shared aParliamentary Assembly andCourt of Justice) and were together known as theEuropean Communities. This treaty is regarded by some as the real beginning of the modernEuropean Union.

This treaty was abrogated by theAmsterdam Treaty signed in 1997:

Without prejudice to the paragraphs following hereinafter, which have as their purpose to retain the essential elements of their provisions, the Convention of 25 March 1957 on certain institutions common to the European Communities and the Treaty of 8 April 1965 establishing a Single Council and a Single Commission of the European Communities, but with the exception of the Protocol referred to in paragraph 5, shall be repealed.

— Article 9(1) of theAmsterdam Treaty

Structural evolution of the European Commission

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Signed In force Document	1951 1952 Paris Treaty	1957 1958 Rome treaties:EEC Treaty Euratom Treaty	1965 1967 Merger Treaty	2007 2009 Lisbon Treaty


		Commission of the European Atomic Energy Community	Commission of the European Communities	European Commission
	High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community
		Commission of the European Economic Community
				v t e

EU evolution timeline

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Since theend of World War II, mostsovereign European countries have entered into treaties and thereby co-operated and harmonised policies (orpooled sovereignty) in an increasing number of areas, in theEuropean integration project or theconstruction of Europe (French:la construction européenne). The following timeline outlines the legal inception of theEuropean Union (EU)—the principal framework for this unification. The EU inherited many of its presentorganisations,institutions, and responsibilities from theEuropean Communities (EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of theSchuman Declaration.

Legend:
  S: signing
  F: entry into force
  T: termination
  E: expiry
   de facto supersession
  Rel. w/ EC/EU framework:
   de facto inside
   outside

European Union(EU)

[Cont.]

European Communities(EC)

(Pillar I)

European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or EURATOM)

[Cont.]

European Coal and Steel Community(ECSC)

(Distr. of competences)

European Economic Community(EEC)

Schengen Rules

European Community (EC)

TREVI

Justice and Home Affairs(JHA,pillar III)

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation(NATO)

[Cont.]

Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters(PJCC,pillar III)

Anglo-French alliance

[Defence arm handed toNATO]

European Political Co-operation (EPC)

Common Foreign and Security Policy
(CFSP,pillar II)

Western Union (WU)

Western European Union (WEU)

[Tasks defined following the WEU's 1984reactivation handed to theEU]

[Social, cultural taskshanded toCoE]

[Cont.]

Council of Europe(CoE)

Entente Cordiale
S: 8 April 1904

Dunkirk Treaty^[i]
S: 4 March 1947
F: 8 September 1947
E: 8 September 1997

Brussels Treaty^[i]
S: 17 March 1948
F: 25 August 1948
T: 30 June 2011

London andWashington treaties^[i]
S: 5 May/4 April 1949
F: 3 August/24 August 1949

Paris treaties:ECSC andEDC^[ii]
S: 18 April 1951/27 May 1952
F: 23 July 1952/?
E: 23 July 2002/—

Protocol Modifying and
Completing the Brussels Treaty^[i]
S: 23 October 1954
F: 6 May 1955

Rome treaties:EEC andEAEC
S: 25 March 1957
F: 1 January 1958

WEU-CoE agreement^[i]
S: 21 October 1959
F: 1 January 1960

Brussels (Merger) Treaty^[iii]
S: 8 April 1965
F: 1 July 1967

Davignon report
S: 27 October 1970

European Council conclusions
S: 2 December 1975

Single European Act (SEA)
S: 17/28 February 1986
F: 1 July 1987

Schengen Agreement andConvention
S: 14 June 1985/19 June 1990
F: 26 March 1995

Maastricht Treaty^[iv]^[v]
S: 7 February 1992
F: 1 November 1993

Amsterdam Treaty
S: 2 October 1997
F: 1 May 1999

Nice Treaty
S: 26 February 2001
F: 1 February 2003

Lisbon Treaty^[vi]
S: 13 December 2007
F: 1 December 2009

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eAlthough not EU treatiesper se, these treaties affected thedevelopment of the EU defence arm, a main part of the CFSP. The Franco-British alliance established by the Dunkirk Treaty wasde facto superseded by WU. The CFSP pillar was bolstered by some of the security structures that had been established within the remit of the 1955Modified Brussels Treaty (MBT). The Brussels Treaty wasterminated in 2011, consequently dissolving the WEU, as themutual defence clause that the Lisbon Treaty provided for EU was considered to render the WEU superfluous. The EU thusde facto superseded the WEU.
^Plans to establish aEuropean Political Community (EPC) were shelved following the French failure to ratify theTreaty establishing the European Defence Community (EDC). The EPC would have combined the ECSC and the EDC.
^TheEuropean Communities obtained common institutions and a sharedlegal personality (i.e. ability to e.g. sign treaties in their own right).
^The treaties of Maastricht and Rome form the EU'slegal basis, and are also referred to as theTreaty on European Union (TEU) and theTreaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), respectively. They are amended by secondary treaties.
^Between the EU's founding in 1993 and consolidation in 2009, the union consisted ofthree pillars, the first of which were the European Communities. The other two pillars consisted of additional areas of cooperation that had been added to the EU's remit.
^The consolidation meant that the EU inherited the European Communities'legal personality and that thepillar system was abolished, resulting in the EU framework as such covering all policy areas. Executive/legislative power in each area was instead determined by adistribution of competencies betweenEU institutions andmember states. This distribution, as well as treaty provisions for policy areas in which unanimity is required andqualified majority voting is possible, reflects the depth of EU integration as well as the EU's partlysupranational and partlyintergovernmental nature.

References

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^Brussels Treaty (European history 1965-93) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
^EUR-Lex,Treaty of Brussels (Merger Treaty), updated 21 March 2018, accessed 29 January 2021

External links

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Merger Treaty European NAvigator

Founding treaties of the EuropeanCommunities (1951–1993) andUnion (since 1993) and related political documents

Founding treaties

Consolidated versions

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (1957)
Treaty on European Union (1992)
Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (1957)

Amendments

General

In force	Paris (1954) Rome (1957) Netherlands Antilles Association Convention (1962) Merger (1965) First Budgetary Treaty (1970) Second Budgetary Treaty (1975) Single European Act (1986) Maastricht (1992) Amsterdam (1997) Nice (2001) Lisbon (2007) Protocol 36 (2011) Article 136 (2011)
Unratified	Renegotiation of UK membership (2016)

Changes in membership

Accession	1972 1979 1985 1994 2003 2005 2011
Secession	Greenland (1984) United Kingdom (“Brexit” 2020)

Unratified

Expired or terminated

Brussels (Western Union, 1948)
Modified Brussels (Western European Union, 1954)
Paris (European Coal and Steel Community, 1951)