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Merfyn ap Rhodri

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9th century Aberffraw prince of Gwynedd

ThisWelsh name means Merfyn son ofRhodri.

Merfyn ap Rhodri (diedc. 900) was a late 9th century prince ofGwynedd of the royalHouse of Aberffraw. He is sometimes credited with ruling the Kingdom ofPowys after the death of his fatherRhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great) in 878. He was a paternal uncle of Hywel Dda and a grandson ofMerfyn Frych (d. 844) and Nest ferch Cadell ap Brochwel.^[1]

Merfyn was a younger son of Rhodri Mawr, son ofMerfyn Frych andAngharad ferch Meurig, daughter of Meurig ap Dyfnwallon of theKingdom of Ceredigion, who was the King ofSeisyllwg in south western Wales.^[1] His mother Angharad was a descendant ofCunedda, founder of the Kingdom of Gwynedd, through his son,Ceredig ap Cunedda of Ceredigion through her paternal line.^[2] Mervyn's father Rhodri held power over much of Wales. He had at least two full brothers,Anarawd ap Rhodri (d. 916) andCadell ap Rhodri (854–909), although his father Rhodri is recorded in having six sons in some sources. Merfyn may have had a full sister called Nest.^[3]

On the death of their father, Anarawd became King of Gwynnedd.^[4] Cadell had been installed as King of Seisyllwg in south east Wales after the death by drowning of the brother's maternal uncleGwgon ap Meurig, in either 871 or 872. Gwgon is recorded as dying whilst crossing theRiver Llychwr inGower while fighting "black pagans" interpreted to meanViking invaders. Cadell inherited the throne as Gwgon died without an heir.^[5]

Merfyn's inheritance is less clear in the historical record. In the accounts where he is credited as a king, Merfyn is reported to have lost his realm of Powys to an invasion by his brotherCadell,King of Ceredigion, whose expansionist policies built the foundations for the creation of theKingdom of Dehubarth by his sonHywel Dda.^[5] Merfyn's death may be connected to the incursion intoAnglesey by the VikingIngimundr in the first decade of the 10th century.^[6]

The drowning of Merfyn's son Haearnddur, or "Haardur", was reported by both theChronicle of the Princes^[6] and theAnnals of Wales.^[7] The first places it in the year 953; Phillimore's reconstruction of the latter's dating would place it in 956.^[8]

References

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^^a ^bPierce, T. J., (1959).RHODRI MAWR ('the Great') (died 877), king of Gwynedd, Powys, and Deheubarth.Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Retrieved 28 Apr 2025, from https://biography.wales/article/s-RHOD-MAW-0877
^"Rhodri Mawr (b. before 844, d. 878), king of Gwynedd".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23456. Retrieved28 April 2025.
^Bartrum, P.C."A Welsh Classical Dictionary (PDF). "(PDF).National Library of Wales. Retrieved28 April 2025.
^"Anarawd ap Rhodri (d. 916), king in Wales".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/458. Retrieved28 April 2025.
^^a ^b"Cadell ap Rhodri (d. 910), king in Wales".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4296. Retrieved28 April 2025.
^^a ^bMiddle Welsh:Oed Crist 953, y boddes Haearnddur fab Merfyn. Cambrian Archaeological Association.Archaeologia Cambrensis:Chronicle of the Princes, p. 24, W. Pickering, 1864. Accessed 19 February 2013.
^Medieval Latin:haardur .f(ilius). meuruc mersus est.Annals of Wales (B text),p. 10.(in Latin)
^"Annales Cambriae A - Wikisource".la.wikisource.org (in Latin). Retrieved28 April 2025.

Preceded by

Rhodri Mawr

King of Powys
878–900

Succeeded by

Llywelyn ap Merfyn

Rulers ofmedieval Wales

Territories/dates^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]	Powys		Dogfeiling	Gwynedd	Dunoding	Ceredigion	Ystrad Tywi	Dyfed	Brycheiniog	Glywysing	Gwent	Ergyng
400–600	Sub-Roman Britain
	Kingdom of Powys Gwrtheyrn CatigernCadell DdyrnllwgRhuddfedel Frych Cyngen GlodryddBrochwel Ysgithrog Cynan Garwyn Selyf ap Cynan Manwgan ap Selyf		Kingdom of Gwynedd				Kingdom of Dyfed Triffyn Farfog Aergol Lawhir Vortiporius		Brycheiniog Anlach mac CormacBrychan	Glywysing Mor Solor Glywys Gwynllŵg Gwynllyw Cadoc	Kingdom of Gwent Ynyr Gwent Caradoc Vreichvras	Ergyng Peibio Clafrog Cynfyn Gwrfoddw Gwrgan Fawr
			Dogfeiling Dogfael ap Cunedda Wledig Elno ap Dogfael Glas ap Elno Elgud ap Glas ap Elno Elaeth ab Elgud Meurig ap Elaeth	House of Gwynedd Cunedda Wledig Einion Yrth ap Cunedda Cadwallon Lawhir Maelgwn Gwynedd Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn Beli ap Rhun Iago ap Beli Cadfan ap Iago Cadwallon ap Cadfan (Canu Cadwallon)Cadafael Cadwaladr	Dunoding Dunod ap Cunedda Eifion ap Dunod Dingad ab Eifion Meurig ad Dingad Eifion ap Meurig Issac ap Eifion ap Meurig Pobien Hen ap Isaac Pobddelw ap Pobien Hen Eifion ap Pobddelw Brochwel ap Eifion Eigion ap Brochwel ab Eifion Ieuanawl ab Eigion Caradog ap Ieuanawl Bleiddud ap Caradog Cuhelyn ap Bleiddud	Kingdom of Ceredigion Ceredig ap CuneddaUsai ap Ceredig Serwyl ab Usai Boddw ap Serwyl Arthfoddw ap Boddw Athrwys ab Arthfoddw Clydog ab Athrwys			Brycheiniog Anlach mac CormacBrychan		Kingdom of Gwent Ynyr Gwent Caradoc Vreichvras
600–613							Cloten Cathen ap Gwlyddein Cadwgan ap Caten Rhain ap Cadwgan			Tewdrig Meurig ap Tewdrig
613–642	Eluadd ap Glast (Eiludd Powys)
642–645	Manwgan ap Selyf Beli ab Eiludd Gwylog ap Beli Elisedd ap Gwylog Brochfael ab Elisedd Cadell ap Brochfael Cyngen ap Cadell
645–682										Athrwys ap Meurig Morgan ab Athrwys Ithel ap Morgan Meurig ab Ithel
682–740			Idwal Iwrch Rhodri Molwynog Caradog ap Meirion Cynan Dindaethwy Hywel ap Caradog
730–745						Seisyllwg Seisyll ap Clydog Arthen ap Seisyll Dyfnwallon ab Arthen Meurig ap Dyfnwallon Gwgon ap Meurig		Dyfed Tewdos (Tewdwr)Maredudd ap Tewdws Rhain ap Maredudd Owain ap Maredudd Triffyn ap Rhain Bleddri (Bledrig)Hyfaidd ap Bleddri Llywarch ap Hyfaidd Rhodri ap Hyfaidd Hywel Dda	Brycheiniog
745–825										Glywysing Rhys ab Ithel Rhodri ab Ithel Meurig ab Ithel Rhys ap Arthfael Hywel ap Rhys Owain ap Hywel	Gwent Brochfael ap Meurig Ffernfael ap Meurig Brochwel ap Meurig Arthfael ap Hywel Ithel ab Athrwys ap Ffernfael	Mercia
825–854			House of Aberffraw Merfyn Frych Rhodri Mawr
854–872	Rhodri Mawr
871–878	Rhodri Mawr					Rhodri Mawr
878–909	Powys Merfyn ap Rhodri Llywelyn ap Merfyn		Gwynedd Anarawd ap Rhodri			House of Dinefwr Cadell ap Rhodri
909–913						Deheubarth Hywel Dda
913–925												Kingdom of England Archenfield
916–930	Idwal Foel									Owain ap Hywel
930–942	Idwal Foel									Glywysing Gruffydd ab Owain Cadwgan ab Owain	Gwent Morgan Hen ab Owain
942–950	Hywel Dda									Glywysing Gruffydd ab Owain Cadwgan ab Owain	Gwent Morgan Hen ab Owain
950–986	Powys Owain ap Hywel Dda		Gwynedd Ieuaf Iago ab Idwal Hywel ap Ieuaf Cadwallon ab Ieuaf			Deheubarth Owain ap Hywel Dda				Morgannwg Morgan Hen ab Owain Hywel ab Owain ap Morgan Hen Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
988–999	Maredudd ab Owain
999–1022	Powys Llywelyn ap Seisyll		Gwynedd Cynan ap Hywel Aeddan ap Blegywryd			Deheubarth Rhain the Irishman Cadell ab Einion
1018–1023	Llywelyn ap Seisyll
1023–1033	Powys Rhydderch ab Iestyn		Gwynedd Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig			Deheubarth Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1033–1039	Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Gruffudd ap Llywelyn					Deheubarth Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1045–1055	Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Gruffudd ap Llywelyn					Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1055–1063	Gruffudd ap Llywelyn
1063–1075	House of Mathrafal Bleddyn ap Cynfyn					Deheubarth Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin Rhys ab Owain Rhys ap Tewdwr				Glywysing Caradog ap Gruffudd	Gwent Cadwgan ap Meurig
1075–1081	Powys Iorwerth ap Bleddyn Cadwgan ap Bleddyn Owain ap Cadwgan Maredudd ap Bleddyn Madog ap Maredudd		Gwynedd Trahaearn ap Caradog							Morgannwg Caradog ap Gruffudd Iestyn ap Gwrgant
1081–1093			Gruffudd ap Cynan Owain Gwynedd Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
1088–1116						Norman occupation
1095–1160						Deheubarth Gruffydd ap Rhys Anarawd ap Gruffydd Cadell ap Gruffydd Maredudd ap Gruffydd Rhys ap Gruffydd Gruffydd ap Rhys II Maelgwn ap Rhys Rhys Gryg			Lordship of Brecknock	Lordship of Glamorgan
1160–1216	Powys Fadog Gruffydd Maelor I Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor Gruffydd II ap Madog Madog II ap Gruffydd Gruffudd Fychan I	Powys Wenwynwyn Owain Cyfeiliog Gwenwynwyn
1216–1241		Principality of Wales Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
1241–1283		Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn	Dafydd ap Llywelyn Owain Goch ap Gruffudd Llywelyn ap Gruffudd Dafydd ap Gruffudd
1283–1287	(English conquest of Wales)
1535–1542	Laws in Wales Acts
^Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional ^Bartrum, Peter Clement (1993).A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend Up to about A.D. 1000. National Library of Wales.ISBN 0907158730. ^biography.wales (Dictionary of Welsh Biography) ^Davies, John (1994).A History of Wales. Penguin Books.ISBN 9780140145816. ^Encyclopaedia of Wales. University of Wales Press. 2008.ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6. ^Lloyd, John Edward (1912).A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. ^Turvey, Roger (2010).Twenty-One Welsh Princes. Conwy: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.ISBN 9781845272692.

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