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Merbecovirus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Subgenus of viruses

Merbecovirus

MERS-CoV: structure, attachment,viral entry, and genomic composition
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Pisuviricota
Class:	Pisoniviricetes
Order:	Nidovirales
Family:	Coronaviridae
Genus:	Betacoronavirus
Subgenus:	*Merbecovirus*

Merbecovirus is asubgenus of viruses in the genusBetacoronavirus, including the humanpathogen Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV).^[1] The viruses in this subgenus were previously known asgroup 2c coronaviruses.^[2]^[3]

Taxonomy

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The subgenus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species:^[4]^[5]

Betacoronavirus cameli,Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Betacoronavirus erinacei,Hedgehog coronavirus 1
Betacoronavirus pipistrelli,Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5
Betacoronavirus tylonycteridis,Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4

Structure

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The viruses of this subgenus, like othercoronaviruses, have a lipid bilayerenvelope in which themembrane (M),envelope (E) andspike (S) structural proteins are anchored.^[6]^[7]

References

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^"Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release".International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). October 2018. Retrieved24 January 2019.
^Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Wang, Ming; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Xu, Huifang; Poon, Rosana W. S.; Guo, Rongtong; Wong, Beatrice H. L.; Gao, Kai; Tsoi, Hoi-wah; Huang, Yi; Li, Kenneth S. M. (February 2007)."Comparative Analysis of Twelve Genomes of Three Novel Group 2c and Group 2d Coronaviruses Reveals Unique Group and Subgroup Features".Journal of Virology.81 (4):1574–1585.doi:10.1128/JVI.02182-06.ISSN 0022-538X.PMC 1797546.PMID 17121802.See figure 2.
^Wong, Antonio C. P.; Li, Xin; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Woo, Patrick C. Y. (2019-02-20)."Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses".Viruses.11 (2): 174.doi:10.3390/v11020174.ISSN 1999-4915.PMC 6409556.PMID 30791586.CoVs are classified into four genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Within Betacoronavirus, they can be further subclassified into lineages A, B, C and D [1]. In 2018, these four lineages were reclassified as subgenera of Betacoronavirus, and renamed as Embecovirus (previous lineage A), Sarbecovirus (previous lineage B), Merbecovirus (previous lineage C) and Nobecovirus (previous lineage D) [2]. In addition, a fifth subgenus, Hibecovirus, was also included (Figure 1) [2].
^"Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved9 April 2025.
^"Species List:Coronaviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved9 April 2025.
^Lai, Michael M. C.; Cavanagh, David (1997-01-01), Maramorosch, Karl; Murphy, Frederick A.; Shatkin, Aaron J. (eds.), "The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses; III. Structure of Virions; A. Virion Morphology",Advances in Virus Research,48, Academic Press:5–6,doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60286-9,PMC 7130985,PMID 9233431
^Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24)."Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis".Viruses.2 (8):1804–1820.doi:10.3390/v2081803.ISSN 1999-4915.PMC 3185738.PMID 21994708.The presence of HE genes exclusively in members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, but not members of Betacoronavirus subgroup B, C and D suggested that the recombination had probably occurred in the ancestor of members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, after diverging from the ancestor of other subgroups of Betacoronavirus.