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Melun

Coordinates:48°32′26″N2°39′36″E / 48.5406°N 2.66°E /48.5406; 2.66
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, seeMelun (disambiguation).

Prefecture and commune in Île-de-France, France
Melun
The Hôtel de Ville
Coat of arms of Melun
Coat of arms
Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
Map
Location of Melun
Melun is located in France
Melun
Melun
Show map of France
Melun is located in Île-de-France (region)
Melun
Melun
Show map of Île-de-France (region)
Coordinates:48°32′26″N2°39′36″E / 48.5406°N 2.66°E /48.5406; 2.66
CountryFrance
RegionÎle-de-France
DepartmentSeine-et-Marne
ArrondissementMelun
CantonMelun
IntercommunalityCA Melun Val de Seine
Government
 • Mayor(2023–2026)Kadir Mebarek[1] (Horizons)
Area
1
8.04 km2 (3.10 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[2]
43,685
 • Density5,430/km2 (14,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
77288 /77000
Elevation37–102 m (121–335 ft)
(avg. 54 m or 177 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Melun (French pronunciation:[məlœ̃]ⓘ) is acommune in the Seine-et-Marnedepartment in theÎle-de-Franceregion, north-central France. It is located on the southeastern outskirts of Paris, about 41 kilometres (25+1⁄2 miles) from thecentre of the capital. Melun is the prefecture of Seine-et-Marne, and the seat of one of itsarrondissements. Its inhabitants are calledMelunais.

History

[edit]

Meledunum began as aGaulish town;Caesar noted Melun as "a town of theSenones, situated on an island in the Seine"; at the island there was a wooden bridge, which his men repaired.[3] Roman Meledunum was amutatio where fresh horses were kept available for official couriers on theRoman road south-southeast of Paris, where it forded the Seine.[4] Around 500 A.D,Clovis I granted Melun to a Gallo-Roman magnate,Aurelianus, who had fought for Clovis several times and apparently influenced his conversion to Christianity.[5]

TheNormans sacked it in 845. The castle of Melun became a royal residence of the Capetian kings.Hugh Capet (See also:House of Capet) gave Melun to Bouchard, his favorite. In the reign of Hugh's son,Robert II of France,Eudes, thecount of Champagne, bought the city, but the king took it back for Bouchard in 999. The chatelain Gautier and his wife, who had sold the city, were hanged; Eudes escaped. Robert died there in July 1031.

Robert of Melun (c. 1100 – 27 February 1167) was an English scholastic Christian theologian who taught in France, and later becameBishop of Hereford in England. He studied underPeter Abelard in Paris before teaching there and at Melun, which gave him his surname.

In July 1415, Melun was besieged by KingHenry V of England, who had recently signed theTreaty of Troyes with KingCharles VI of France. The town was in the hands of the Dauphin, laterCharles VII of France, who had been dispossessed by the treaty. The defenders were led byArnaud Guillaume, seigneur de Barbazan, and fought off the besiegers for fourteen weeks before capitulating.[6] The town was liberated byJoan of Arc on 17 April 1430.

TheHôtel de Ville was completed in 1848.[7]

Counts of Melun

[edit]

Viscounts of Melun

[edit]

The early viscounts of Melun were listed by 17th and 18th century genealogists, notablyPère Anselme. Based on closer reading of the original documents, Adolphe Duchalais constructed this list of viscounts in 1844:[8]

  • Salo (c. 993; possibly legendary)
  • Joscelin I (c. 998)
  • William (possibly c. 1000)
  • Ursio (c. 1067–1085)
  • William the Carpenter (c. 1094)
  • Hilduin, Garin, Ursio II, Jean (unknown dates, possibly not viscounts)
  • Adam (c. 1138–1141; married Mahaut, daughter of his predecessor)
  • Joscelin II (c. 1156)

The title eventually became an honorary peerage. Such viscounts includeHonoré Armand de Villars andClaude Louis Hector de Villars.

Watercolor postcard showing Melun in the 1920s and circa 1095.

Population

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
17935,500—    
18006,111+1.52%
18066,818+1.84%
18216,992+0.17%
18316,622−0.54%
18366,846+0.67%
18418,950+5.51%
18469,151+0.45%
185110,395+2.58%
185610,312−0.16%
186111,170+1.61%
186611,408+0.42%
187211,130−0.41%
187611,241+0.25%
188112,145+1.56%
188612,564+0.68%
189112,792+0.36%
189613,641+1.29%
YearPop.±% p.a.
190113,059−0.87%
190613,908+1.27%
191114,861+1.33%
192114,657−0.14%
192615,928+1.68%
193116,356+0.53%
193617,499+1.36%
194617,573+0.04%
195420,219+1.77%
196226,873+3.62%
196834,518+4.26%
197537,712+1.27%
198235,005−1.06%
199035,319+0.11%
199935,695+0.12%
200737,835+0.73%
201240,503+1.37%
201740,032−0.23%
Source: EHESS[9] and INSEE (1968-2017)[10]

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Melun (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1947–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)16.9
(62.4)		21.2
(70.2)		25.6
(78.1)		29.5
(85.1)		31.6
(88.9)		36.8
(98.2)		41.9
(107.4)		38.9
(102.0)		34.4
(93.9)		29.4
(84.9)		22.1
(71.8)		17.6
(63.7)		41.9
(107.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)6.9
(44.4)		8.3
(46.9)		12.5
(54.5)		16.2
(61.2)		19.7
(67.5)		23.0
(73.4)		25.6
(78.1)		25.5
(77.9)		21.4
(70.5)		16.3
(61.3)		10.6
(51.1)		7.3
(45.1)		16.1
(61.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)4.2
(39.6)		4.9
(40.8)		7.9
(46.2)		10.8
(51.4)		14.3
(57.7)		17.5
(63.5)		19.8
(67.6)		19.6
(67.3)		16.0
(60.8)		12.2
(54.0)		7.6
(45.7)		4.7
(40.5)		11.6
(52.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)1.6
(34.9)		1.4
(34.5)		3.4
(38.1)		5.4
(41.7)		9.0
(48.2)		12.1
(53.8)		13.9
(57.0)		13.7
(56.7)		10.7
(51.3)		8.1
(46.6)		4.5
(40.1)		2.2
(36.0)		7.2
(45.0)
Record low °C (°F)−19.8
(−3.6)		−19.7
(−3.5)		−10.3
(13.5)		−4.6
(23.7)		−2.1
(28.2)		1.6
(34.9)		4.0
(39.2)		3.5
(38.3)		0.4
(32.7)		−4.8
(23.4)		−9.3
(15.3)		−14.8
(5.4)		−19.8
(−3.6)
Averageprecipitation mm (inches)50.9
(2.00)		46.0
(1.81)		46.6
(1.83)		48.8
(1.92)		61.9
(2.44)		58.1
(2.29)		59.4
(2.34)		54.2
(2.13)		54.0
(2.13)		58.5
(2.30)		56.3
(2.22)		63.2
(2.49)		657.9
(25.90)
Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm)10.79.89.19.09.88.97.77.97.99.510.611.7112.6
Averagerelative humidity (%)88837973757473747885888979.9
Mean monthlysunshine hours59.582.9142.9188.2216.3226.1234.7225.3180.4118.568.454.41,797.5
Source 1: Meteociel[11]
Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity, 1961–1990)[12]

Transport

[edit]
Melun Shield dating from the 15th century – "Melun (Seine-et-Marne): Azure on a semy-de-lys or a castle with three towers argent. Melun was one of the original strongholds of the royal domain. Motto: fida muris usque ad mures, recalling the siege of 1420 when inhabitants had to eat rats."http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/frcitdep.htm

Melun is served by theGare de Melun, which is an interchange station on ParisRER line D, on theTransilien R suburban rail line, and on several national rail lines.

Main sights

[edit]

TheCollegiate Church of Notre-Dame, Melun was the original home of theMelun Diptych.

The nearbychâteau ofVaux-le-Vicomte is considered a smaller predecessor ofPalace of Versailles.

The officers' school of theFrench Gendarmerie is located in Melun.

Notable people

[edit]

Melun is the birthplace of:

Education

[edit]
Lycée Jacques-Amyot

A campus of theÉcole nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located in Melun.

Public high schools/sixth form colleges:[13]

There is one private high school/sixth form college:[13]

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Melun istwinned with:[14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 30 November 2023.
  2. ^"Populations de référence 2022" (in French). National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^Gallic War vii. 58, 60.
  4. ^Meledunum appears in theAntonine Itinerary almost halfway betweenLutetia (Paris) andCondate (Rennes) ('Meledunum").
  5. ^Bachrach, Bernard S. (1972).Merovingian Military Organization, 481-751. U of Minnesota Press. p. 15.ISBN 9780816657001.
  6. ^The Field of Mars: Being an Alphabetical Digestion of the Principal Naval and Military Engagements, in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. J. Macgowan. 1801. p. 226.
  7. ^"Melun Town Hall". Structurae. Retrieved30 July 2025.
  8. ^Adolphe Duchalais, "Charte inedité de l’an 1138, relative à l’histoire des viscomtes de Melun" (Bibliothèque de l’école des chartes vol. 6 no. 6, 1845).
  9. ^Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui:Commune data sheet Melun,EHESS(in French).
  10. ^Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  11. ^"Normales et records pour Melun (77)". Meteociel. Retrieved21 November 2024.
  12. ^"Normes et records 1961-1990: Melun - Villaroche (77) - altitude 91m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved5 January 2016.
  13. ^ab"Liste des établissements scolairesArchived 21 September 2016 at theWayback Machine." Melun. Consulté le 29 août 2016.
  14. ^"Jumelage".ville-melun.fr (in French). Melun. Archived fromthe original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved19 November 2019.

Sources

[edit]
  • Initial text from the "Carpenters' Encyclopedia of Carpenters 2001" Compiled by John R. Carpenter.
  • The Viscounts and Counts of Melun are listed in Detlev Schwennicke,Europäische Stammtafeln, Neue Folge, Volume VII, Tafels 55 & 56.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toMelun.
Wikisource has the text of the1911Encyclopædia Britannica article "Melun".
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