| Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne entrance gate | |
 Interactive map of Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria | |
| Type | Botanical garden |
| Location | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Coordinates | 37°50′00″S144°58′49″E / 37.83340°S 144.98033°E /-37.83340; 144.98033 |
| Area | 38 hectares (94 acres) |
| Opened | 1846 |
| Operated by | Board of the Royal Botanic Gardens |
| Visitors | 2+ million (approx. per year) |
| Vegetation | Australian native, lawns, non-native traditional gardens |
| Connecting transport | Train, tram, bus, car |
| Facilities | Information centre, gift shop, toilets, barbecues, shelter, cafes |
| Website | www |
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (RBGV) arebotanic gardens across two sites—Melbourne andCranbourne.[1]
Melbourne Gardens was founded in 1846 when land was reserved on the south side of theYarra River for a new botanic garden. It extends across 38 hectares (94 acres)[2] that slope to the river with trees, garden beds, lakes and lawns. It displays almost 50,000 individual plants representing 8,500 different species.[2] These are displayed in 30 living plant collections.
Cranbourne Gardens was established in 1970[3] when land was acquired by the Gardens on Melbourne's south-eastern urban fringe for the purpose of establishing a garden dedicated to Australian plants. A generally wild site that is significant for biodiversity conservation, it opened to the public in 1989.[4] On the 363 hectares (897 acres) site, visitors can explore native bushland, heathlands, wetlands and woodlands.[2] One of the features of Cranbourne is the Australian Garden, which celebrates Australian landscapes and flora through the display of approximately 170,000 plants from 1,700 plant varieties.[2] It was completed in 2012.[2]
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria is home to the State Botanical Collection, which is housed in theNational Herbarium of Victoria. The collection, which includes 1.5 million preserved plants, algae and fungi, represents the largestherbarium collection in Australia and widerOceania.[5] It also includes Australia's most comprehensive botanical library.[6]
The gardens are governed under theRoyal Botanic Gardens Act 1991 by the Royal Botanic Gardens Board,[3] who are responsible to the Minister for Environment.
In 1846Charles La Trobe selected the site for the Royal Botanic Gardens frommarshland andswamp.[7]
In 1857 the first director wasFerdinand von Mueller, who created theNational Herbarium of Victoria and brought in many plants.[7]
In 1873William Guilfoyle became Director and changed the style of the Gardens to something more like the picturesque gardens that were around at that time. He added tropical and temperate plants.[7]
In 1877 SirEdmund Barton, Australia's first Prime Minister and Jane Ross were married at the Royal Botanic Gardens.
In 1924 a shooting massacre occurred at the Gardens resulting in the death of four people.[8][9]
In June 2015 the Gardens brought together the elements of the organisation under the name Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, incorporating Melbourne Gardens, Cranbourne Gardens, the National Herbarium of Victoria and the Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology.[10]
Living collections at Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne include:[11]
The gardens include a mixture of native and non-native vegetation which invariably hosts a diverse range of both native and non-native fauna. The gardens host over 10,000 floral species, the majority being non-native species. The gardens were the origin from which many introduced species spread throughout south-eastern Australia as seeds were traded between early European botanists in the mid-19th century, studying the Australian flora.
From the establishment of the gardens in 1846, much of the native vegetation was removed as botanists such as Baron Von Mueller planted a range of species from around the world. While initially much of the native wetlands and swamplands in the gardens were left, around the turn of the 20th century these were re-landscaped to create the Ornamental Lake. Despite this, however, there are some large eucalypts remaining including the prominentSeparation Tree, a 300-year-oldRiver Red Gum, under whichVictoria was declared a separate colony. In August 2010 theSeparation Tree was attacked by vandals[12] and then attacked again in 2013, by 2015 it was dead and removal of the canopy and branches commenced.[13][14] TheRoyal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne focus solely on Australian native plants.
The Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne were initially intended to be a horticultural exhibition for the public to enjoy, many seeds were traded between early European botanists such as Arthur and Von Mueller, who planted non-native species. TheQueen and her grandfather,Dame Nellie Melba andPaderewski contributed plantings on occasions throughout the history of the gardens.
Since its earliest days, the Royal Botanic Gardens is involved in plant research and identification. This is done primarily through theNational Herbarium of Victoria, which is based at the Gardens. The Herbarium is also home to the State Botanical Collection, which includes over 1.5 million dried plant specimens,[5] and an extensive collection of books, journals and artworks. Research findings are published in the journalMuelleria,[15] which is a scientific representation of the work done in the Gardens in any one year. More recently, the Australian Research Centre forUrbanEcology has been established to look at plants that grow in urban environments specifically.
The 5,000-square-metre (54,000 sq ft) Ian Potter Foundation Children's Garden is designed as a discovery area for children of all ages and abilities. The Ian Potter Children's Garden, named for theIan Potter Foundation, is based inSouth Yarra, off the main site. This area is closed for two months of the year from the end of the Victorian July school holidays for rest and maintenance.[16]
In 2004 or 2005[17]The Magic Pudding sculpture, by Louis Laumen, was unveiled in the garden. The concept for the garden was developed by Simon H. Warrender (son ofSimon George Warrender and Pamela Warrender), who also commissioned the sculpture, throughCommittee for Melbourne's Future Focus Group, which was founded by Pamela.[18] Simon Warrender announced the establishment of the annual prizes to be awarded by hisMelbourne Prize Trust at the unveiling.[17]
Outside the exterior fence of the Royal Botanic Gardens is a 3.8 km (2.4 mi) jogging loop known as theTan Track or simplythe Tan. It was built in the 1900s as a tanbark horse riding track; before later being converted for jogging and surfaced with a fine tan-coloured gravel, except along Anderson St which is paved. Clocks and distance markers were installed in 2011, and the track is the most well-known and well-used jogging track in Melbourne.[19]
