Melvin Whinfield "Peerless Mel" Sheppard (September 5, 1883 – January 4, 1942) was an American athlete, member of theIrish American Athletic Club, and winner of four gold medals and one silver medal at the1908 Summer Olympics and1912 Summer Olympics. Along withHenry Taylor of the United Kingdom, he was the most successful athlete at the 1908 Olympics.[1][2]
Sheppard, or "Peerless Mel" as he was nicknamed, was rejected by theNew York Police because he had a slightly enlarged heart. Cardiopulmonary problems notwithstanding, Sheppard won three consecutiveAAU titles in the 880 yards (805 m) from 1906 to 1908 and became a main favorite for themiddle distance events at the 1908 Summer Olympics inLondon. By late 1907, Sheppard held world indoor records for 600 yards, 880 yards, 1000 yards, and the mile.[4]
During the indoor season of 1907–08, Sheppard raced Guy Haskins[5] In the first, he was beaten. In the second, about to be beaten again, he threw Haskins to the floor with aflying mare, which he also did to another runner, Adam O'Shea, in theMillrose Games in which he was disqualified. In the third, he walked off the track as he was about to be beaten again.[4] By May theNew York Times reported that Haskins, "unquestionably the best half-mile and mile performer in the country", had been refused selection for the United States team to the 1908 Olympics for which he had been trying.[4] He was not selected for theAustralasian team either, largely for financial reasons.[4]
Sheppard narrowly defeatingHarold A. Wilson in the1500 metres race in the 1908 Olympic Games1910 Mecca Cigarette trading cardSheppard wearing the Winged Fist of the Irish American Athletic Club
The 1908 Olympics were the first true championships for the 1500 metres. In the finals, only the winner of each of the eight heats would qualify for the final, and there was no seeding to ensure that top runners were separated in their heats. Top runners like1904,1906 Olympic championJames Lightbody,John Halstead, second-fastest in history in the event, and three-timeAAA championGeorge Butterfield all failed to advance.
Sheppard won the 1500 metres, setting an Olympic record at 4:05.0 in the first round that fell in the very next heat, whenNorman Hallows ran a 4:03.6. Sheppard matched Hallows' time in the final the next day to win the first running gold medal awarded at the 1908 Games.
In the800 metres, Sheppard won his first round with a time of 1:58.0;James Lintott remained close throughout the race and threatened to eliminate Sheppard from the competition. Sheppard ran the first 400 metres of the 800 metres final in 53 seconds and went on to win in the world record time of 1.52.8.
He earned his third gold medal on the medleyrelay race. He was the final runner on the American team, running half of the 1600 metre race. He was passed the baton by fellow Irish American Athletic Club memberJohn Baxter Taylor, Jr., who would become the firstAfrican American to win an Olympic gold medal. Even without being in as good of form as he had been in the individual races, Sheppard had little trouble retaining the leads giving to him teammatesWilliam Hamilton,Nate Cartmell, andJohn Taylor. The team won both the first round and final in times of 3:27.2 and 3:29.4. Sheppard's 800 metre split for the final was 1:55.4.
At theAmateur Athletic Union metropolitan championships held atTravers Island in 1909, Sheppard was part of the Irish American Athletic Club's four-man relay team that broke the world's record for the one mile relay with a time of 3 minutes 20 2/5 seconds. The other three men on the record breaking team were: C.S. Cassara,William Robbins, andJames Rosenberger.[6] His 1910 trading card called him "undoubtedly the greatest mid-distance runner the world has ever seen."[7]
After winning Amateur Athletic Union titles at 880 yards (800 m) in 1911 and 1912, Sheppard was a favorite to defend his Olympic 800 metres title at the1912 Summer Olympics inStockholm. At Stockholm, he tried the same tactics as inLondon, but after an opening lap of 52.4 he was overtaken by teammateTed Meredith, who set a new world record of 1.51.9. Sheppard won his fourth gold medal as lead-off runner on the 4 × 400 metre relay team that set a world record of 3:16.6.
Sheppard was a member of theNew Jersey National Guard and the69th Regiment. DuringWorld War I, he served as an athletic director at a number of military training camps. After the war, he coached for a number of amateur athletic clubs. Sheppard worked forJohn Wanamaker and was the recreational director for the Millrose Athletic Association, which was formed byWanamaker's employees.[8] Sheppard coached the U.S. women's track and field team at the1928 Summer Olympics inAmsterdam.[3][9]: 154
While it is claimed that "after retiring from sports Sheppard became a lawyer (he was one of the defenders of theLindbergh child kidnapperBruno Hauptmann)," this is an Internet myth. The lead attorney for Bruno Hauptmann was a Edward J. Reilly. "The Trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann," by Sidney B. Whipple, originally published by Doubleday, Doran & Co., NY, 1937, makes no mention of Sheppard. Whipple lists the defense team present for the first day of trial as "Mr. Reilly, Mr. Fisher, Mr. Pope, Mr. Rosecrans." There is no evidence that Sheppard ever practiced law, or had anything to do with theLindbergh child kidnapper.[12]
^abAnastasia, Phil."A champion to remember Mel Sheppard won the first of his 4 Olympic golds 100 years ago.",The Philadelphia Inquirer, July 14, 2008, backed up by theInternet Archive as of March 4, 2016. Accessed October 22, 2016. "Sheppard was born in 1883 in Almonesson, a section of Deptford Township in Gloucester County. He lived there, in a twin house, for the first nine years of his life.... At age 9, Sheppard moved with his family to Clayton, and got a job 'rolling jars' in a glass factory for $9 a month. His family moved to Haddonfield a few years later, then to the Grays Ferry section of Philadelphia when Sheppard was about 15."
^abcdHeidenstrom, P. (1992)Athletes of the Century. Wellington: GP Publications.ISBN1-86956-044-2
^fromNew Zealand at theUniversity of Pennsylvania three times and losing each. At a fourth meeting, Haskins ran a handicap race in a time well under Sheppard's record but Sheppard ran a relay instead.The New York Times wrote, "Haskins is the greatest distance runner in America". See Heidenstrom, 1992. p. 28.
^"Mile Relay Record at Travers Island."New York Times, September 26, 1909.
United States
