TheMeitetsu Nagoya Main Line (名鉄名古屋本線,Meitetsu Nagoya Honsen) is a Japanese railway line operated by theprivate railway operatorNagoya Railroad (Meitetsu), connectingToyohashi Station inToyohashi withMeitetsu Gifu Station inGifu. The line is also called theMeitetsu Main Line (名鉄本線,Meitetsu Honsen).[2]
The line was formed through mergers of multiple local railway operators and segments of their railway lines. These lines were connected into two separate lines, one fromJingū-mae to Toyohashi, and the other from Meitetsu Gifu toOshikirichō [ja], each given the name "Eastern Line" and "Western Line" in 1935. TheAichi Electric Railway [ja] constructed the eastern part from 1917 to 1927. The western part was formed out of lines operated by theNagoya Electric Railway [ja], theMino Electric Railroad [ja], and the Bisai Railway. The lines ran by each operator were eventually merged into a single line by several mergers. After the formation of Meitetsu in 1935, efforts to connect the two lines were made, which was completed in 1944. The difference in voltage between the two segments were corrected by 1948, and the two segments were renamed to the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line on the same date. Since then, Meitetsu introduced new rolling stock and removed sharp curves to compete with theTōkaidō Main Line operated by theJapanese National Railways, and its successorCentral Japan Railway Company.
Due to historical reasons, the line shares its track betweenHirai Junction and Toyohashi Station with the JRIida Line. This limits the number of trains passing through the section. Local trains terminate atIna Station instead of Toyohashi, the terminus.
The Nagoya Main Line was formed through mergers of multiple local railway operators and segments of their railway lines.[4] The line prior to being connected and treated as a single railway line was divided between eastern and western sections. These two segments were later named the Eastern Line (東部線,Tōbu-sen), and the Western Line (西部線,Seibu-sen) in 1935.[5]
The Eastern Line was constructed by a single railway company, theAichi Electric Railway [ja]. As theTōkaidō Main Line constructed by theMinistry of Railways by 1889 took a different route from theTōkaidō in theAichi Prefecture segment, the company built the line along the Tōkaidō instead. The Eastern Line was originally named the Arimatsu Line (有松線) when it was opened betweenJingū-mae and Arimatsu-ura (now namedArimatsu) in 1917. This line renamed to Toyohashi Line (豊橋線) upon extending toToyohashi by 1927.[5][6] The line waselectrified at 1,500 V, with advanced infrastructures at the time. To reach Toyohashi fromIna Station, the company only built a single track, paralleling the Toyokawa Railway's track.[7] When the Aichi Electric Railway merged with the Meigi Railroad in 1935, the line was renamed to the Eastern Line.[8]
The Western Line was made up of segments from three different railway lines, each by different operators. The first railway operator to construct a line was theNagoya Electric Railway [ja]. The company opened the part betweenSukaguchi andBiwajimabashi [ja] in 1914.[6][8] Later in the same year, theMino Electric Railroad [ja] opened a line betweenKasamatsu and Hiroe, located near the currentKanō Station.[8] By the end of the year, this line, named the Kasamatsu Line (笠松線), extended to Shin Gifu (current Meitetsu Gifu).[9] In 1921, the Nagoya Electric Railway established the Nagoya Railroad, transferred the tramway network to the city ofNagoya, and theheavy rail network to the established company, and disbanded.[10] The Bisai Railway operated the line betweenKōnomiya andShin Ichinomiya (now Meitetsu Ichinomiya) for a year prior to being transferred to the Nagoya Railroad in 1925.[9] The Nagoya Railroad continued to extend their line, connecting Shin Ichinomiya andOshikirichō [ja], the western terminal of Nagoya at the time by April 1928.[11] On 20 August 1930, the company merged with the Mino Electric Railroad to form the Meigi Railway.[6][12] Shin Ichinomiya and Kasamatsu were connected in 1935. Following this extension, Shin Gifu (current Meitetsu Gifu) and Oshikirichō were connected with a single line.[12] Because the line was formerly three separate railways, the line goes through central areas of the passing municipalities compared to the competing Tōkaidō Main Line, and the segment has frequent curves.[13]
Until 1935, mergers involving the Aichi Electric Railway were brought up multiple times since it was established, but none took place. Around the end of theTaishō era, competition against the two private operators Meigi Railway and the Aichi Electric Railway, which were the tram network operated by the city of Nagoya and theJapan Governmental Railways (JGR), escalated.[14][15] Added with theGreat Depression, these two companies were not able to keep themselves functional with the population of Nagoya at the time. Eventually, the two companies, with the help of the mayor of Nagoya, merged into the currentNagoya Railroad (Meitetsu). Despite this, the two major lines of the two companies were still unconnected, and had different voltages, as the Western Line used 600 V electrification while the east used 1,500 V. Coinciding with the relocation of the JGR'sNagoya Station, Meitetsu extended the western section from Biwajimabashi toMeitetsu Nagoya, closing the former line between Biwajimabashi and Oshikirichō. The Eastern Line was originally planned to run right below the roads of Nagoya, although this did not happen due to opposition from the city. Meitetsu eventually bought the former Nagoya Station's land from the JGR and constructed the line through the land, later building theMeitetsu Department Store and a bus terminal above it. While steel supply was limited by the government due toWorld War II, The Eastern Line reached Meitetsu Nagoya on 1 September 1944.[16][14][15] Upon the two lines being connected, the section from Kanayama to Meitetsu Gifu was named Meigi Line (名岐線), and the section from Kanayama to Toyohashi was named Toyohashi Line (豊橋線). Despite technically being a single line, service through these two named lines were not possible due to differing voltage.[17] On 16 May 1948, the Meigi Line's voltage was raised to 1,500 V, and both lines were renamed into the Nagoya Main Line.[18]
The Tōkaidō Main Line was electrified toMaibara Station in 1955, andelectric multiple units started operating in the paralleling segment of the line between Toyohashi andŌgaki. Meitetsu introduced newrolling stocks such as the5000 series, reduced sharp curves, and increased the number of services providingthrough service to other lines. In the timetable revision of 1959, the maximum speed of the line was increased to 105 km/h (65 mph) from 100 km/h (62 mph). The5500 series [ja] was introduced to the line at the time of the same timetable revision, which was the first train equipped with air conditioners that didn't require an additional fee.[19] Meitetsu adopted their ownautomatic train stop (ATS) system in 1965.[20] The tracks betweenJingū-mae and Kanayama werequadrupled in 1990. The operating speed for trains on the line was increased to 120 km/h (75 mph) in the same year.[21] Works to elevate parts of the line byviaducts have been taking place, with the area aroundMikawa Chiryū Station expected to be elevated by 2031.[22] The area aroundNarumi Station was elevated in 2006.[23]
Seven types of services run on the line. The names are as follows:[24]
Because of the sheer amount of stopping patterns, trains which stops on stations that aren't usually stopped by the service is excluded from the list. Additionally, services that change service time upon arriving at a certain station are also ignored.
| Station | Local[24] | Semi-Express[24] | Express[24] | Rapid Express[24] | Limited Express[24] | Rapid Limited Express[24] | Limited ExpressμSKY[24] |
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Most of the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line isdouble-tracked, although the section betweenJingū-mae andKanayama arequadrupled. However, a segment of the track insideMeitetsu Gifu issingle-tracked.[25][26] This severely restricts the operations of trains entering and exiting the station.[27] The section of the line between Ina and Toyohashi shares tracks with theIida Line, so the Nagoya Main Line is single-tracked from Toyohashi to theHirai Junction, where the Iida Line branches north.[28]
| No. | Station name | Transfers | Opened | Distance from Toyohashi (km)[29] | Location | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Japanese | Ward or City | Prefecture | ||||
| Toyohashi | 豊橋 | 1 June 1927[2] | 0.0 | Toyohashi | Aichi | ||
| Ina | 伊奈 | 5.0 | Toyokawa | ||||
| Odabuchi | 小田渕 | 14 January 1934[2] | 6.6 | ||||
| Kō | 国府 | 1 April 1926[30] | 9.6 | ||||
| Goyu | 御油 | 10.7 | |||||
| Meiden Akasaka | 名電赤坂 | 12.5 | |||||
| Meiden Nagasawa | 名電長沢 | 15.0 | |||||
| Motojuku | 本宿 | 18.7 | Okazaki | ||||
| Meiden Yamanaka | 名電山中 | 20.4 | |||||
| Fujikawa | 藤川 | 23.1 | |||||
| Miai | 美合 | 25.6 | |||||
| Otogawa | 男川 | 27.6 | |||||
| Higashi Okazaki | 東岡崎 | 8 August 1923[31] | 29.8 | ||||
| Okazakikōen-mae | 岡崎公園前 | 1 June 1923[32] | 31.1 | ||||
| Yahagibashi | 矢作橋 | 32.5 | |||||
| Utō | 宇頭 | 34.8 | |||||
| Shin Anjō | 新安城 | 38.3 | Anjō | ||||
| Ushida | 牛田 | 40.9 | Chiryū | ||||
| Chiryū | 知立 | 1 April 1959[33] | 43.1 | ||||
| Hitotsugi | 一ツ木 | 1 April 1923[34] | 44.6 | Kariya | |||
| Fujimatsu | 富士松 | 46.6 | |||||
| Toyoake | 豊明 | 48.1 | Toyoake | ||||
| Zengo | 前後 | 49.8 | |||||
| Chūkyō-keibajō-mae | 中京競馬場前 | 15 July 1953[35] | 51.4 | Midori-ku, Nagoya | |||
| Arimatsu | 有松 | 8 May 1917[35] | 52.7 | ||||
| Sakyōyama | 左京山 | 15 November 1942[35] | 53.8 | ||||
| Narumi | 鳴海 | 8 May 1917[36] | 55.1 | ||||
| Moto Hoshizaki | 本星崎 | 56.7 | Minami-ku, Nagoya | ||||
| Moto Kasadera | 本笠寺 | 19 March 1917[36] | 58.2 | ||||
| Sakura | 桜 | 58.9 | |||||
| Yobitsugi | 呼続 | 59.9 | |||||
| Horita | 堀田 | 15 April 1928[36] | 61.1 | Mizuho-ku, Nagoya | |||
| Jingū-mae | 神宮前 | 31 August 1913[37] | 62.2 | Atsuta-ku, Nagoya | |||
| Kanayama | 金山 |
| 1 September 1944[37] | 64.4 | Naka-ku, Nagoya | ||
| Sannō | 山王 | 66.0 | Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya | ||||
| Meitetsu Nagoya | 名鉄名古屋 | (Nagoya Station)
| 12 August 1941[38][39] | 68.0 | Nakamura-ku, Nagoya | ||
| Sakō | 栄生 | 69.9 | Nishi-ku, Nagoya | ||||
| Higashi-Biwajima | 東枇杷島 | 70.7 | |||||
| Nishi-Biwajima | 西枇杷島 | 23 January 1914[40] | 71.6 | Kiyosu | |||
| Futatsu-iri | 二ツ杁 | 1 February 1942[40] | 72.2 | ||||
| Shinkawabashi | 新川橋 | 23 January 1914[40] | 72.8 | ||||
| Sukaguchi | 須ヶ口 | 73.5 | |||||
| Marunouchi | 丸ノ内 | 22 September 1914[41] | 74.3 | ||||
| Shin-Kiyosu | 新清洲 | 3 February 1928[41] | 75.2 | ||||
| Ōsato | 大里 | 77.5 | Inazawa | ||||
| Okuda | 奥田 | 78.8 | |||||
| Kōnomiya | 国府宮 | 15 February 1924[41] | 80.9 | ||||
| Shima-Ujinaga | 島氏永 | 24 January 1928[42] | 82.9 | Inazawa Ichinomiya[b] | |||
| Myōkōji | 妙興寺 | 15 February 1924[42] | 84.7 | Ichinomiya | |||
| Meitetsu Ichinomiya | 名鉄一宮 |
| 86.4 | ||||
| Imaise | 今伊勢 | 29 April 1935[43] | 88.3 | ||||
| Iwato | 石刀 | 89.2 | |||||
| Shin Kisogawa | 新木曽川 | 91.2 | |||||
| Kuroda | 黒田 | 15 September 1936[44] | 92.1 | ||||
| Kisogawa-Zutsumi | 木曽川堤 | 1 March 1939[44] | 93.9 | ||||
| Kasamatsu | 笠松 | 29 April 1935[44] | 95.1 | Kasamatsu | Gifu | ||
| Ginan | 岐南 | 2 June 1914[45] | 96.9 | Ginan | |||
| Chajo | 茶所 | 98.3 | Gifu | ||||
| Kanō | 加納 | 98.7 | |||||
| Meitetsu Gifu | 名鉄岐阜 | 18 April 1948[27] | 99.8 | ||||