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In Germany, the nameMeissen is the legally registratedtrade name of the factory, that produces theMeissen porcelain. The nameMeißen refers to the city and municipality.
In 1241, the town was attacked in theMongol raid on Meissen. The small Mongol force underOrda Khan defeated Meissens's defenders and much of the town was destroyed. The Mongols withdrew from Germany after the death ofÖgedei Khan, sparing the region from further destruction.
The town was at the forefront of theOstsiedlung, or intensive German settlement of the rural Slavic lands east of the Elbe, and its reception oftown rights dates to 1332.
The construction ofMeissen Cathedral was begun in 1260 on the same hill as theAlbrechtsburg castle. The resulting lack of space led to the cathedral being one of the smallestcathedrals inEurope. The church is also known as being one of the purest examples of Gothic architecture.
Meissen served as an important place of religious dialogue in 1988 when the agreement on mutual recognition between the German Evangelical Church (both East and West German) and theChurch of England was signed in the town.
Meissen is famous for themanufacture of porcelain, based on extensive local deposits of china clay (kaolin) and potter's clay (potter's earth). Meissen porcelain was the first high-quality porcelain to be produced outside ofthe Orient.
The first European porcelain was manufactured in Meissen in 1710, when by decree of KingAugustus II the Strong the Royal-Polish and Electoral-Saxon Porcelain Factory (Königlich-Polnische und Kurfürstlich-Sächsische Porzellan-Manufaktur)[5] was opened in the Albrechtsburg. In 1861, it was moved to theTriebisch river valley of Meissen, where the porcelain factory is still located. Along with porcelain, other ceramics are also manufactured in the town. In the old town streets, there have been set up numerous porcelain stores, often selling antique Meissen porcelain and sometimes offering repair of broken porcelain. In Meissen and the surrounding area, several former painters from the manufacturer have set up porcelain painting workshops and galleries with their own pieces of porcelain art.
CathedralHohlweg from the bridge to Meissen Castle
The Albrechtsburg, the former residence of theHouse of Wettin, is regarded as being the first castle to be used as a royal residence in the German-speaking world.[6] Built between 1472 and 1525, it is a fine example of late Gothic style. It was redecorated in the 19th century with a range of murals depicting Saxon history. The modern castle is a museum. Nearby is the 13th-century Gothic Meissen Cathedral (Meißner Dom), whose chapel is one of the most famous burial places of the Wettin family. The hill on which the castle and the cathedral are built offers a view over the roofs of the old town.
Meissen's historical district is located mostly around the market at the foot of the castle hill. It contains many buildings ofRenaissance architecture. Also imposing is the view from the 57-metre-high tower of theFrauenkirche (Church of Our Lady), situated in the old market-place. This church, not to be confused with theDresden Frauenkirche, was first mentioned in a 1205 deed issued by Bishop Dietrich II and after a blaze about 1450 rebuilt in the Late Gothic style of ahall church. Its tower hosts the world's first porcelain carillon, manufactured in 1929 on the occasion of the town's 1000-years-jubilee. Another popular tourist sight is the world-famous Meissen porcelain factory.
From spring to autumn, several festivals take place in Meissen, such as thepottery market or theWeinfest, which celebrates thewine harvest. Meissen wine is produced at thevineyards in the river valley (Elbtal) around the town, part of theSaxonian wine region, one of the northernmost in Europe.
^Bachrach, David (1 August 2013). "Henry I of Germany's 929 military campaign in archaeological perspective".Early Medieval Europe.21 (3). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell: 327.doi:10.1111/emed.12020.S2CID161201353.
