Meerut is acity that serves as the administrative headquarters of theMeerut district in theIndian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city lies inwestern Uttar Pradesh and is part of the IndianNational Capital Region (NCR). Meerut is located 80 km (50 mi) northeast of the national capital,New Delhi, and 480 km (300 mi) northwest of the state capital,Lucknow.[9] Meerut is also the second-most populous city in the NCR, afterDelhi.[10] As of 2025, Meerut’s urban (metro) population is estimated at ≈ 1.875 million. The population ofMeerut Municipal Corporation is projected to be about 1.907 million, while the wider Meerut metropolitan region is estimated at approximately 2.077 million. Meerut is among the most populous cities in NCR, after Delhi andGhaziabad.[11]
The name Meerut (Hindi:मेरठ) is believed to have evolved fromMayarashtra (मयराष्ट्र), the capital city of the mythological kingdom ruled byMayasura, a legendary architect and the father ofMandodari, wife ofRavana. Over the centuries, the name underwent several transformations—such asMairashtra,Mai-dant-ka-khera, andMairaath—before settling into its current form, Meerut.[17]
Another tradition attributes the city’s origin to KingYudhishthira, who is said to have granted the land to Mayasura in recognition of his architectural prowess. According to this account, Mayasura named the region Maharashtra (not to be confused with the modern day Indian state ofMaharashtra), which eventually morphed into Meerut due to linguistic and historical evolution.[18][19]
An alternative version suggests, that Meerut was part of the dominions ofKing Mahipala, the ruler ofIndraprastha, and that the city’s name is derived from his association with the area.[20][21][22]
Archaeological excavations conducted between 1950 and 1952 at Vidura-ka-Tila, a collection of several mounds named afterVidura 37 km (23 miles) northeast of Meerut, concluded that Meerut contains the remains of the ancient city ofHastinapur, the capital of theKauravas andPandavas ofMahabharata, which was washed away by floods from theGanges.[23][24][25]
InHindu mythology, Meerut has a strong connection to theMahabharata. One of the main characters in the epic,Draupadi, is believed by the locals to have been born here.[30]
In the eleventh century AD, the region to the south-west of the city was ruled by Har Dat, theDorRaja ofBulandshahr. He built a fort, which was long known for its strength and was mentioned in theAin-i-Akbari.[31] He was later defeated byMahmud of Ghazni in 1018 and surrendered along with his forces to Mahmud.[32] The Jama Masjid, a prominent local landmark, was said to be built by Mahmud'svizier in this period. Shortly after its capture, the city was regained by the local Hindu raja and part of his fortifications, built for the city's defense, survived into modern times.[33]Muhammad of Ghor'smamluk generalQutb-ud-din Aybak attacked and captured Meerut in 1193.[34]
Timur attacked and sacked Meerut in 1399. The city was held by Ilyas Afghan and his son Maula Muhammad Thaneswari, who were assisted by non-Muslims led by Safi. Timur tried to negotiate a surrender, but the inhabitants of the fort replied saying thatTarmashirin had tried to capture the city in the past, but failed. Incensed, Timur attacked the city with 10,000 cavalry. The forces scaled the walls and Safi was killed in the battle. The inhabitants were killed and their wives and children were enslaved. The fortifications and houses were razed to the ground, and the prisoners were ordered to beflayed alive.[35][36]
The city then came under the rule of theMughal Empire and saw a period of relative tranquility.[37] During the rule ofMughal EmperorAkbar (r. 1556–1605), there was a mint producing copper coins in the city.[26] During the reign of Akbar, Meerut was listed in theAin-i-Akbari as apargana underDelhiSarkar, producing a revenue of 4,391,996dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 300 infantry and 100 cavalry.[38]
A major part of Meerut was controlled bySayyidjagirdars ofAbdullapur, from 16th to late 18th century. Sayyed Mir Abdulla Naqvi Al Bukhari built Kot Fort in Abdullapur in 16th century, and it became his main residence.[39][40][41] The descendants of Syed Sadarudin Shah Kabir Naqvi Al Kannauji Bukhari are still present in Meerut; Sadarudin was a chief advisor ofSikandar Lodi and the father of saintShah Jewna.[42][43][44][45] The famous Pakistani writer Syed Qudrat Naqvi Al Bukhari was born in Meerut.[46][47][48]
Nawab Mansab Ali Khan was one of the most influential personalities of Meerut; he built the famous Karbala and Masjid, known as Mansabiya, in 1882.[49]
The city sawSikh andMaratha invasions in the 18th century, with interruptions by Taga Brahman andRohillas.Walter Reinhardt, a European soldier, established himself atSardhana, and some parts of the district came under his rule. Upon his death, these areas came into the hands ofBegum Samru. During this time, the southern part of the district had remained under Maratha rule.[50]
Meerut is often associated with the1857 rebellion againstCompany rule in India.[53] The slogan "Dilli Chalo" ("Let's march to Delhi!") was first spoken in the city, and theMeerut cantonment was the place where the rebellion started.[citation needed] Another name for Meerut is "Kranti Dhara," or "the land of revolution," denoting the place where India's independence movement began.
The revolt, which catapulted Meerut into international prominence, began in March 1857 inBarrackpore,Bengal. Indian sepoyMangal Pandey shot at two of his commanding officers, missed, thenattempted suicide. He was later executed. By April, Pandey's uprising had spread across North India and reached Meerut, which was then the second-largestEast India Company garrison. Here, Europeans and nativesepoys were evenly balanced, with a little more than 2,000 on each side. The European cantonment was separated from the Indian one.Sadar Bazar and Lal Kurti Bazar were close by, the latter named after thered uniforms worn by thePresidency armies. On 24 April 1857, Meerut's commander, Colonel Carmichael Smyth, paraded 90 Indian sepoys of theBengal Cavalry, most of whom had come from Uttar Pradesh andBihar. He ordered the soldiers to fire the newEnfield cartridges they had been supplied with. The cartridges were covered with paper that had to be torn off, and Muslim soldiers believed the paper was greased withpig fat (pigs in religion) and Hindus thought it was greased withcow fat (cows in Hinduism). Thus, they refused to touch them when ordered to.[54]
All 85 soldiers were stripped of their uniforms, andcourt-martialed; they were all sentenced to a decade in prison. The prisoners, who wereupper-class members of acavalry regiment, were shocked at the harsh sentences handed down to them. On 10 May 1857,KotwalDhan Singh opened the gates of the prison. These soldiers, along with the other imprisoned soldiers, escaped prison and declared themselves free. They proceeded to mutiny, attack, and kill several Company officials in the city to bring it under their control. This marked the beginning of a widespread revolt across northern India, as the soldiers marched towards Delhi. 10 May is celebrated as a local holiday in Meerut.[55]
Meerut was also the venue of theMeerut Conspiracy Case in March 1929, in which severaltrade unionists, including threeEnglishmen, were arrested by the colonial authorities for organizing a railwaystrike action. The case quickly became the subject of attention in England, inspiring a 1932 play titledMeerut Prisoners by left-wingManchester street theatre group theRed Megaphones, which highlighted the detrimental effects ofcapitalism andindustrialisation.[56] Electricity was first introduced to Meerut in 1931.[51] In the 1940s, during the height of theIndian independence movement, cinema-goers in Meerut had an unofficial policy of refusing to stand up whenGod Save the King played before the film was shown.[57] The last session of theIndian National Congress (INC) before theindependence of India in 1947, was held at Victoria Park in Meerut on 26 November 1946. It was in this session that theConstitution-making committee was constituted.[57]
The city and district also suffered from communalHindu-Sikh riots in 1984[58] andHindu-Muslim riots in 1982.[59] In May 1987, theHashimpura massacre occurred when personnel of theProvincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) shot and killed 42 Muslims; the trial of the case is still pending.[60][61] In 2006, afire at a consumer electronics "Brand India" fair in Victoria Park Stadium killed at least 100 people, with authorities confirming 45 fatalities, although a specific figure on a toll was difficult to determine and was believed to be much higher.[62]
Meerut lies between the plains of theGanges and theYamuna in theDoab region. By land area,Meerut district covers 2,522km2 (974 sq mi), which is larger than Delhi (Delhi covers an area of 1,484km2 [573 sq mi]).[63]
Meerut has amonsoon influencedhumid subtropical climate characterized by hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June and are extremely hot, with temperatures reaching up to 49 °C (120 °F).[64]
The monsoon arrives in late June and continues till the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with increased cloud cover and higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from November to the middle of March.[64] The lowest temperature ever recorded is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F), on 6 January 2013.[65] The rainfall averages about 845 millimetres (33 in) per annum, which is suitable for crop cultivation. Most of the rainfall is received during the monsoon. The humidity varies from 30 to 100%.[64]
Meerut has been ranked 25th best "National Clean Air City" (under Category 1 >10lakh population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results.[66]
TheMeerut district administration is headed by theDistrict Magistrate of Meerut, who is an IAS officer. TheDM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees theelections held in the city.[72][79][80][81][82] The district is subdivided into threetehsils, namely Meerut,Mawana andSardhana, each headed by aSub-Divisional Magistrate. The tehsils are further divided into 12 blocks.[83] The current District Magistrate of Meerut is Dr. Vijay Kumar Singh.[84]
The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by the Meerut Development Authority (MDA),[88] which comes under the Housing Department ofUttar Pradesh government. The Divisional Commissioner of Meerut acts as theex-officio Chairman of MDA, whereas a vice-chairman, a government-appointed IAS officer, looks after the daily matters of the authority. The current vice-chairman of Meerut Development Authority is Sita Ram Yadav.[89]
The city is administered byMeerut Municipal Corporation, which is responsible for performing civic administrative functions administered by theMunicipal Commissioner (PCS Officer) whereas the Mayor is the ceremonial head of the corporation. The current Municipal Commissioner of Meerut Municipal Corporation isManoj Kumar Singh.
The office of theChief Commissioner, Customs and Central Excise, Meerut Zone, has jurisdiction over 13 districts ofUttarakhand and 14 districts ofUttar Pradesh. This jurisdiction was carved out of the Lucknow Zone. It comprises the erstwhile Customs andCentral Excise Commissioners of Meerut andNoida. The Meerut Commissionerate was bifurcated into two Commissionerates, namely, 'Meerut-I and Ghaziabad' and the Noida Commissionerate was bifurcated into 'Noida and Meerut-II'. In addition, the jurisdiction of Central Excise Division Bareilly was included in the jurisdiction of Meerut-II Commissionerate.[90]
The CGHS department of Meerut provides comprehensive health care facilities for central government employees and pensioners and their dependents residing in the city.
Almost 54% of all cases reaching theAllahabad High Court of Uttar Pradesh originate from the 22 districts of western Uttar Pradesh, but western Uttar Pradesh does not have aHigh Court bench. People must travel 700km away toAllahabad for hearings. Six high courts (Shimla,Delhi,Jaipur,Chandigarh,Nainital,Jammu) from other states are closer than Allahabad from western Uttar Pradesh.[91] Western Uttar Pradesh has been advocating to have a high court bench in Meerut so that Western Uttar Pradesh can get access to judicial services. The bench in the western part of the state was first proposed by the government in 1955.
Meerut is the 63rd-fastest-growing urban area in the world.[96] It is the fastest developing city in Uttar Pradesh, afterNoida andGhaziabad.[97] According to a June 2011 report by US financial services firmMorgan Stanley gave Meerut the 5th spot on the "vibrancy" index, ahead ofDelhi andMumbai.[98] The city ranked second on both the financial penetration index, which measures things like the presence of ATMs and bank branches, and on the consumption index, indicating the city's transformation into an urban town. Notably,western Uttar Pradesh accounts for 51.71% of state GDP.[99]
While the city ranked in the bottom 10 in job creation, the report suggests that overall there are plenty of signs of "potential for urbanization" including future employment opportunities.[100] The infrastructure segment of Meerut is currently going through a boom phase with many new projects like Expressways, Metro, Freight corridors coming up in and around the city.[101][102] The Upper Ganga Canal Expressway development has also been completed. On theIndia City Competitiveness Index, the city ranked 46th in 2017.[103] It is India's largest refined sugar producer.[104]
The cover of the bookSangeetPuranmal Ka (lit. The Music of Puranmal) by Ramlal. The book was published in 1879 from the city.
Meerut is one of the important industrial towns of western Uttar Pradesh with several traditional and modern industries.[64] It is traditionally known forhandloom works andscissors industry (Meerut scissors).[105] Meerut was one of the first cities in northern India where publishing was set up during the 19th century. It was a major center ofcommercial publishing during the 1860s and 1870s.[106]
Meerut is a rich agricultural area, being in proximity of Delhi, it is ideal for industry. As of 2011, it is home to 520 micro, small, and medium-scale industries.[107] As of August 2006[update], Meerut has about 23,471 industrial units, including 15,510 small-scale units and 7,922 cottage industries.[108]Sanspareils Greenlands (SG),Sareen Sports (SS) and BDM one of India's biggest sports goods manufacturers are based out of Meerut.
Existing industries in the city include tyres, textiles, transformers, sugar, distillery, chemical, engineering, paper, publishing, and sports goods manufacturing.[105][109][107] Prospective industries includeIT andITES, Logistics.[110]
Many new transport infrastructure projects like the inner ring road, outer ring road and construction of new flyovers are proposed and being made as well.[121] The under-constructionGanga Expressway will start from Meerut tillAllahabad, and in the future, it will be extended from Meerut toHaridwar. Other expressways that will pass nearby Meerut are theUpper Ganga Canal Expressway,Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Expressway and Gorakhpur–Shamli Expressway.
Meerut lies on theDelhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line,[122] and has four railway stations:Meerut City,Meerut Cantt.,Partapur and Pabli Khas. Meerut City railway station is the busiest. The railway line betweenDelhi and Meerut was constructed in 1864,[51] and the Meerut Cantt station, which serves as a secondary railway station, was founded in 1865.
Apart from this,Delhi Meerut RRTS (RapidX) will also be used for inter-city cargo movement. Vinay Kumar Singh, managing director ofNCRTC said, "During non-peak hours, the ridership would be low, so we can use the time to move cargo, including perishable goods."[124]
Uttar Pradesh government has allocated land for building a large logistic hub in Modipuram region of Uttar Pradesh.[125]
On 30 December 2014, theUttar Pradesh Cabinet approved the proposed metro rail project in Meerut, to boost the urban mass transport infrastructure in the city. The state government nominatedRITES Limited andUttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (UPMRC) to prepare the respectivedetailed project report (DPR) and as a coordinator, respectively. The development authorities are nodal agencies for the DPR.[126]
The metro project got approval from thedivisional commissioner. It was decided in the meeting that the project would be along two corridors, by dividing the project into two phases – Phase I from Partapur to Pallavpuram, and Phase II fromRajban Market to Gokalpur village. The main stations on the first corridor in the first phase will bePartapur, Panchwati Enclave, Rithani, Rithani West,Shatabdi Nagar, Devlok, Madhavpuram,Meerut Railway Station Road, Lajpat Bazaar, Begampul, Gandhi Bagh, Lekha Nagar, Pallavpuram Dorli, Ansal City and Pallavpuram. While in the second phase, the corridor in the Partapur-Pallavpuram route will cover 20 km and will have a total number of 18 stations in between, the 10 km-long route from Rajban Market to Gokalpur village will have nine stations.[127]
The NCR Transport Plan 2021 proposed a rail-based mass transit system, called the Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) between Delhi to Meerut, with theShahdara-Ghaziabad section scheduled for construction during 2001-11, and the Ghaziabad-Meerut section scheduled for 2011–21.[128]
In September 2010, the RRTS was reported to be proposed betweenAnand Vihar and Meerut with the project in its initial stages. The cost was projected to be around₹1,000 crore (US$120 million) with the expected time of the journey being 45 minutes.[129] In November 2010, the train speed was proposed to be between 130 and 160 kmph, with stations atAnand Vihar,Sahibabad,Mohan Nagar,Ghaziabad,Guldhar,Duhai,Moradnagar,Modinagar,Meerut South,Shatabdi Nagar, Meerut Centre, Begumpul, Meerut North, Pallavpuram being the stops.[130]
On 14 December 2010, the NCR Planning Board, Meerut Development Authority (MDA), andMeerut Municipal Corporation approved the project.[131] In August 2011, it was reported that the project tender had been awarded toDelhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (DIMTS). The proposed system was to have dedicated trains between Anand Vihar and Meerut, with no stops in between, and trains that will stop at stations will be constructed after a gap of 4–5 km. The reported stations were Anand Vihar,Vaishali, Mohan Nagar, Meerut Road (Airtel Cut), Morta, Duhai, Muradnagar, Gang Nahar, Modinagar,Mohiuddinpur, Meerut Bypass Cut and Pallavpuram, with completion expected in 2017. The track between Anand Vihar to Dabur was proposed to be underground with the rest of the track overhead.[132]
On 11 July 2013, theUnion Cabinet of India approved the formation of theNational Capital Region Transport Corporation Limited (NCRTCL), with a seed capital of₹100 crore (US$12 million). The corporation will take up the construction of the 90 km-long Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut corridor on a priority basis (along with two other corridors) with planned completion in 2016.[133] It was reported that the Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for the three corridors were under the process of finalisation.[134]
In December 2013, problems were reported in the proposed alignment of the Delhi-Meerut corridor.[135] In January 2014, it was reported that the proposed alignment had to be changed due to objections byNHAI and the feasibility report had to be prepared again. The new proposed alignment increased the length from 90 km to 106 km.[136]
In March 2018, the project's construction was started after thefoundation stone was laid byPrime Minister,Narendra Modi.[137] As of 2023, the alignment is 82 km (51 mi) long, and the 17 km first stretch, as the priority corridor, fromSahibabad to Duhai is almost completed, and will be opened by March 2023, while the next stretch tillMeerut South will be completed by the first quarter of 2024. The entire corridor will be completed by March 2025.[138][139][140]
TheDr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Airport is located atPartapur. It was proposed by the state government that the airstrip be converted to an international airport to reduce pressure on Delhi Airport.[141] However, plans to expand the Domestic airport were called off after protests against land acquisition started in other parts of the state.[142] Following an accident in May 2012, the city administration barred private flights from using the airstrip.[143]
The city has long demanded an airport. However, the government has stalled the project multiple times due to land acquisition reasons and project costs. EvenAjit Singh, the minister of civil aviation announced the project, but the project was not completed. BJP MPRajendra Agarwal met Civil Aviation MinisterJyotiraditya Scindia ministerwho promised that theMinistry of Civil Aviation will begin running the airport as soon as the Uttar Pradesh government satisfied the demand for land. As of October 2023, the project is awaiting approval for land acquisition from Uttar Pradesh Government.[144]
Distribution of religions †IncludesBuddhists (<0.09%).
According to the 2011 census, the Meerut Urban Agglomeration (Meerut UA) has a population of around 1.42 million,[146] (comparable to the kingdom ofBahrain orTrinidad and Tobago) with the municipality contributing roughly 1.31 million of it.[5] The Meerut Urban Agglomeration consists of area falling underMeerut Municipal Corporation,Meerut Cantonment Board and fourcensus towns ofSindhawali, Amehra Adipur,Aminagar Urf Bhurbaral andMohiuddinpur.[147][148] This makes Meerut the33rd most populousurban agglomeration and the28th most populous city in India. The sex ratio in Meerut UA is 897, lower than the state average of 908; while the child sex ratio is 895, lower than the state average of 899. 12.99% of the population is under six years of age.[148] The overall literacy rate is 88.29%, higher than the state average of 69.72%.[146][149] In Meerut Municipal Corporation, 83.78% of the population spokeHindi and 15.25%Urdu as their first language.[150]
As of 2017[update], Meerut ranks 328 (based on population), 189 (based on population density), 648 (based on built-up area) among the world's urban areas.[151]
According to the 2001 census, the city ranked second in terms of population in NCR[152] and 25th in India.[153]
Demographics of Meerut Metropolitan area (Meerut UA) (Census 2011, updated)[148]
^For Meerut Urban Agglomeration, includes municipality and cantonment populations and 4 census towns of Sindhawali, Amehra Adipur, Aminagar Urf Bhurbaral and Mohiuddinpur.
Manytraditional Indian festivals, includingHoli,Dussehra,Diwali,Eid are celebrated in Meerut. Notably, theNauchandi Mela (Nauchandi Fair), which began in 1672, is held annually two weeks after Holi.[164][165] The fair typically runs for approximately 15 days and attracts a large number of visitors. Events at the fair include poetry recitations in languages such asHindi,Urdu andPunjabi.[166]
One of the entrance gates ofNauchandi Mela ground at Meerut.
The Nauchandi Mela is an annual fair held at Nauchandi Ground in Meerut.[168][169] The fair stretches for about a month and is organized by the Municipal Corporation of Meerut. It generally starts from the second Sunday afterHoli.[168] The main exhibits are the artistic and religious rituals followed in rustic Uttar Pradesh. The fair witnesses more than 50,000 visitors every year. TheIndian Railways'Nauchandi Express train is named after this fair.
The fair has a prominent history dating back several hundreds of years. It started in the year 1672 AD as a one-day cattle trading fair and has been held every year after, excluding 1858, the year after1857 revolt, which started from Meerut.[170]
Since then, cattle trading has been replaced by many other activities. The fair features shops forLucknow'schikan work,Moradabad'sbrassware,Varanasi's carpets, rugs and silksarees,Agra's footwear,Meerut's leather items, etc. Meerut's own products like sports goods, scissors, and confections likegajaks andnan-khatai are also sold.[169] The fair featuresrides,wheels, circus performances and recreational activities remain a big attraction of the fair.[171]
Meerut is becoming a media centre, as journalists from all over Uttar Pradesh and other Indian states are working in Meerut. Radio stations shared with Delhi areRadio City 91.1 MHz,Big FM 92.7 MHz,Red FM 93.5 MHz,Radio One 94.3 MHz, Hit 95 (95 MHz),Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz,AIR FM Rainbow 102.6 MHz,Meow FM 104.8 MHz,AIR FM Gold 106.4 MHz.Radio IIMT (90.4 MHz) is the only radio station located in the city. TheHindi-language daily newspapersHindustan,Rajasthan Patrika,Dainik Jagran,[180]Amar Ujala,Dainik Janwani,The Hindu,Rashtrasewa,Dainik JagraniNext are published from the city. The English dailyTimes of India, Meerut edition[181] and the English language supplementHT City, Meerut withHindustan Times is also published there.Moneymakers, an English daily is also published there.Asian Express, Hindi newspaper, and news magazineCitizen of the World are also published there.
Tourist destinations in and around Meerut include the following:
Digamber Jain Bada Mandir Hastinapur – Located on the banks of the old ravine of theGanges, it is considered one of the holiest places on earth by Jains. It is believed to be the birthplace of three Jain Tirthankaras. There are many ancientJain temples inHastinapur with the Digamber Jain Mandir,Jambudweep,Kailash Parvat Rachna, andShwetambar Jain Temple being the most well known. Apart from Jain temples, the Pandeshwar temple, the Historical Gurdwara, and theHastinapur Sanctuary are worth being seen.[182]
Government Freedom Struggle Museum and Shaheed Smarak (Martyr's Memorial) - Government Freedom Struggle Museum, Meerut was established in 1997. It is located in the Shaheed Smarak compound on Delhi Road, about 6 km north-east of thecity railway station and at a distance of about 200 meters from the Delhi Bus Station. Visitors can stay in various guesthouses, private lodges, and hotels. The museum's main aim is the collection, preservation, documentation, and exhibition of cultural property and to make it available for educational activities as well as for the creation of awareness of Meerut's history. Some postal stamps, pictures, postcards, memorial coins related to the events of 1857, and later coins are also in the collection of the museum. The museum is in the developing stages and efforts are being made to collect more specimens. The museum organises educational programs such as lectures, seminars, and competitions related to history, culture, philosophy, the freedom struggle, and religion. It also aims to coordinate with other cultural and educational organizations for disseminating Indian culture, particularly the events related to the long-drawn freedom struggle of India.[183]
St. John's Church – This church was established by Chaplain the Reverend Henry Fisher on behalf of theEast India Company in 1819 in the cantonment area and was completed in 1822.[23][165] It is considered one of the oldest churches in North India. The Church was dedicated to the people by Bishop Wilson. It has aseating capacity of 10,000 people.[23] During theWar of 1857, this church was the scene of heavy fighting between Indian and British forces.[186]
Augarnath Temple – This temple (also known as Kalipaltan Mandir locally) is located at the site where the soldiers of the War of 1857 planned their operations. The temple also houses a memorial built to honour the martyrs of theIndian Rebellion of 1857. The old temple has been replaced by a modern version.[187] Augharnath Temple is also one ofShiva's oldest temples.[30]
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^Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1891).The Ain-i-Akbari. Translated by Henry Sullivan Jarrett. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 288. Retrieved21 January 2021.
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^"Delhi to Meerut in 45 Minutes". National Real Estate Development Council (NAREDCO), NEW DELHI. 5 August 2011.Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved6 January 2012.
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