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Medjugorje

Coordinates:43°12′N17°41′E / 43.200°N 17.683°E /43.200; 17.683
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the reported apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary, seeOur Lady of Medjugorje.
Village in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Medjugorje
Međugorje
Village
Medjugorje is located in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Medjugorje
Medjugorje
Location of Međugorje within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates:43°12′N17°41′E / 43.200°N 17.683°E /43.200; 17.683
Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
EntityFederation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Canton Herzegovina-Neretva
MunicipalityČitluk
Area
 • Total
11.83 km2 (4.57 sq mi)
Population
 (2013)
 • Total
2,265
 • Density190/km2 (500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)

Medjugorje[note 1] (Serbo-Croatian:Međugorje,pronounced[mêdʑuɡoːrje]) is avillage in themunicipality ofČitluk inHerzegovina-Neretva Canton of theFederation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity ofBosnia and Herzegovina. Since 1981, it has become a popular site ofCatholicpilgrimage due toOur Lady of Medjugorje, a purported series ofapparitions of theVirgin Mary, mother of Jesus, to six local children,[1] which some people believe are still happening to this day.[2]

The nameMeđugorje literally means "between mountains". At an altitude of 200 m (660 ft)above sea level it has a mildMediterranean climate. The town consists of an ethnically homogeneousCroat population of 2,306. TheCatholicparish includes four neighbouring villages: Bijakovići, Vionica, Miletina and Šurmanci. Since 2019, pilgrimages to Medjugorje have been authorized by theVatican as long as there is no assumption the events are confirmed to have a supernatural origin.[3][4] In September 2024, the Vatican formally endorsed "prudent devotion" to Mary at Medjugorje but made no declaration that the purported apparitions actually took place.[5]

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]

To the east of Međugorje in theNeretva valley, the Serbian OrthodoxŽitomislić Monastery has stood since 1566. After being destroyed in 1992 by a raiding party sent from Medjugorje, it has been reconstructed.[6] Gravestones erected in the Middle Ages have remained to this day in the Catholic cemeteryGroblje Srebrenica in the hamlet of Miletina as well as in the hamlet of Vionica.[7] In the area of the cemetery in Miletina, structures from the Roman era stood, whose ruins have not yet been fully excavated.[8]

19th and early 20th centuries

[edit]

Part of the Ottoman Empire until 1878, it became part of Austria-Hungary (War of 1878, Annexation 1908). In 1882 therailway line betweenMostar and theAdriatic coast ofDalmatia was built, with a station in the hamlet of Šurmanci, through which the village gained access to the railway network.

The Catholic parish ofSveti Jakov ("Saint James") was erected in 1892 by the Bishop of MostarPaškal Buconjić. The twelve-metre tall crucifix on the mountain calledKriževac (Cross Mountain), completing the parish'sStations of the Cross(križni put), was completed in 1934.[9][10]

The Medjugorje pilgrimage site

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Main article:Our Lady of Medjugorje
Replaced the image with the more appropriate one
Statue of Our Lady in Medjugorje

Our Lady of Medjugorje is the title given to the apparition by those who believe that theVirgin Mary, mother of Jesus, has been appearing from 24 June 1981 until today to six children, now adults, in Medjugorje (then part of communistYugoslavia).[11] The Marian shrine of Medjugorje has become a popular pilgrimage site for Catholics,[12] and has turned into Europe's third most important apparition site, where each year more than 1 million people visit.[13] It has been estimated that 30 million pilgrims have come to Međugorje since the reputed apparitions began in 1981.[14]

In 1981 as soon as reports began of theMarian apparitions on Crnica hill in the Bijakovići hamlet, confrontations with Yugoslav state authorities began. Pilgrims were forbidden from coming,[15] the pilgrim's donations were seized by the police and access to what was called theApparition Hill was largely blocked. The parish priest of Medjugorje at that time, FatherJozo Zovko, was arrested and convicted of sedition.[16] He refused to follow the orders from the Communist Party headquarters in Mostar: to stop the people from meeting on Podrodo and to stop the evening Mass.[17]

In the last years before the 1992breakup of Yugoslavia, travel of pilgrims was no longer hindered by the state.[15]

Međugorje during the Bosnian War

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During theBosnian War, Medjugorje remained in the hands of theCroatian Defence Council and in 1993 became part of theCroatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. By theDayton Agreement in 1995, Medjugorje was incorporated into theFederation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, populated mostly byBosniaks andCroats. It lies within theHerzegovina-Neretva Canton, one of ten autonomous regions established so that no ethnic group could dominate the Federation.[citation needed]

On 2 April 1995, at the high point of conflict within the local diocese,BishopRatko Perić was kidnapped by Croat militiamen, beaten, and taken to a chapel run by one of theFranciscans associated with Međugorje, where he was held hostage for ten hours. At the initiative of the mayor ofMostar, he was freed without bloodshed, with the help of theUnited Nations Protection Force.[18][19][20]

Development after the war

[edit]
The aspect of religious commerce now quite common in the streets of Medjugorje village
TheYouth Festival of Medjugorje

The town and its environs boomed economically after the war. Over a thousand hotel and hostel beds are available for pilgrims to the town. With approximately one million visitors annually, Medjugorje has the most overnight stays in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[citation needed]

In 2017,Pope Francis appointed ArchbishopHenryk Hoser ofPraga (Warsaw) as a special envoy of the Holy See to Medjugorje, tasked with assessing its pastoral needs.[21][22] By the end of 2017, Hoser had announced that the Vatican's position was in favor of organizing pilgrimages.[23] In 2018, the Pope named Hoser as anapostolic visitor to Medjugorje, for "an undefined period andat nutum Sanctae Sedis" (at the disposal of the Holy See). The aim of this mission is "ensuring a stable and continuous accompaniment to the parish community of Medjugorje and to the faithful who go there as pilgrims, and whose needs require particular attention."[24][25] In 2019, the Vatican officially authorized pilgrimages to Medjugorje as long as there is no assumption the events are confirmed to have a supernatural origin.[3] The first Vatican-sanctioned pilgrimage then took place for five days from 2-6 August 2019.[4] During the pilgrimage, approximately 60,000 young Catholics from 97 countries took part in theMedjugorje International Youth Festival.[4] Fourteen archbishops and bishops and about 700 Catholic priests joined the festivities as well.[4]

On September 19 2024,Vatican City, with the blessing ofPope Francis, granted Medjugorje the status of 'Nulla Osta' (Nihil Obstat). This means that they encourage the departure of believers and church pilgrimages to Medjugorje, but do not enter into the question of alleged Marian apparitions, and warn believers not to go to Medjugorje for 'alleged seers', but for the Queen of Peace, or in other words Vatican City offers its approval for devotion of Queen of Peace and Medjugorje.[26][27]

The Vatican's document stated that the ruling was made because “many positive fruits have been noted in the midst of a spiritual experience, while negative and dangerous effects have not spread among the People of God.”[28]

Demographics

[edit]

According to the 2013 census, its population was 2,265.[29]

Ethnicity in 2013
EthnicityNumberPercentage
Croats2,23298.5%
Bosniaks40.2%
Serbs30.1%
other/undeclared261.1%
Total2,265100%

Notable people

[edit]

Gallery

[edit]
  • Panoramic of Medjugorje
    Panoramic of Medjugorje
  • Cross at Križevac hill
    Cross at Križevac hill
  • Blue cross at Podbrdo hill
    Blue cross at Podbrdo hill
  • Saint James church
    Saint James church
  • Outdoor altar of Saint James church
    Outdoor altar of Saint James church
  • Stations of the Cross at Križevac hill
    Stations of the Cross at Križevac hill
  • Jesus leaving The Cross, located behind the St. James Church
    Jesus leaving The Cross, located behind the St. James Church
  • Our Lady statue at Podbrdo
    Our Lady statue at Podbrdo

See also

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^"dj" was replaced by "đ" inGaj's Latin alphabet, but continues to be used in the majority of English-language sources, either by choice or out of typographic limitation.

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^Overview of MedjugorjeMedjugorje.org, accessed 6 July 2020.
  2. ^"For second time, Pope sends special envoy to Medjugorje".Crux. 2018-05-31. Archived fromthe original on 2019-05-13. Retrieved2019-05-06.
  3. ^abPope authorizes pilgrimages to Medjugorje 12 May 2019, accessed 6 July 2020.
  4. ^abcdVatican confirms Medjugorje approval by joining youth festival Jonathan Luxmoore Aug 7, 2019, accessed 6 July 2020.
  5. ^CNA."Medjugorje: Vatican gives green light to Marian devotion".Catholic News Agency. Retrieved2024-09-19.
  6. ^András Riedlmayer:Zitomislici (1566–1992): Meaning, History, and Tragic End,Haverford College, undated, in theInternet Archive
  7. ^Franjo Sušac:StećciArchived 2013-12-08 at theWayback Machine, Turistička zajednica općine Čitluk, 2002; cf. alsoTown mapArchived 2013-08-22 at theWayback Machine
  8. ^KRATKE POVIJESNE ČINJENICE: (tr. "BRIEF HISTORICAL FACTS") -Presentation of the region's history -website of theInformativni Centar Međugorje accessed 6 July 2020.
  9. ^Medjugorje, Description of the town at truepeace.com.au
  10. ^Medjugorje auf friedenskoenigin.de
  11. ^A short history of Our Lady's apparitions in Medjugorje 14 June 2004, accessed 21 July 2020.
  12. ^Australian dies in Bosnia bus crash.Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  13. ^RomeReports: Visionaries of Medjugorje may appear before the Vatican.Archived 2013-05-05 at theWayback MachineRetrieved Feb 26 2011.
  14. ^Vatican Probes Claims of Apparitions at MedugorjeReuters. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
  15. ^abUlrike Rudberg:Abends, wenn Maria kommt.Die Zeit, 26 June 1987.
  16. ^Holmström, Leif In cooperation with UNESCO Office International Standards and Legal Affairs, ed. (2019).Cases of the UNESCO Committee on Conventions and Recommendations: Communications examined under the 104 EX/Decision 3.3 Procedure of the Executive Board (1978–1988). Vol. 2. Leiden; Boston: UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). p. 537.ISBN 9789004390294.
  17. ^Kengor, Paul (2017).A Pope and a President. Delaware: ISI Books.
  18. ^E. Michael Jones:The Ghosts of Surmanci,South Bend, Indiana), February 1998.
  19. ^Michael Sells:Crosses of Blood,Sociology of Religion,Wake Forest University,Winston-Salem, Herbst 2003.
  20. ^René Laurentin:Medjugorje Testament, Ave Maria Press,Toronto 1998;ISBN 0-9697382-6-9,cited by Craig L. Heimbichner
  21. ^Pentin, Edward (11 February 2017)."Pope Francis Appoints Polish Archbishop to Be Special Envoy to Medjugorje".National Catholic Register. Retrieved11 February 2017.
  22. ^"Pope appoints Special Envoy to Medjugorje". Retrieved2017-06-23.
  23. ^Official pilgrimages to Medjugorje are being authorized, confirms Pope Francis’ envoy accessed 6 July 2020.
  24. ^News from Medjugorje 26 June 2020, accessed 6 July 2020.
  25. ^[1] Holy See Press Office Communiqué: Appointment of Special Apostolic Visitor for the parish of Medjugorje, 31.05.2018.
  26. ^WINFIELD, NICOLE."Vatican gives green light to devotion at Bosnia site in Medjugorje where Madonna reportedly appeared".The Associated Press. Retrieved19 September 2024.
  27. ^"Medjugorje's approval".24sata. Retrieved19 September 2024.
  28. ^PhD, Andreja Bogdanovski."Africa Recruitment, Law 3894 criticism, Medjugorje Approval, and Estonia's Church Pressured".www.divinediplomacy.com. Retrieved2024-10-11.
  29. ^Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 392–393.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Belaj, Marijana (2012).Milijuni na putu - Antropologija hodočašća i sveto tlo Međugorja [The millions of a way - the anthropology of pilgrimage and the holy ground of Medjugorje] (in Croatian). Zagreb: Jasenski i Turk.ISBN 9789532225884.
  • Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue(PDF). Sarajevo: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2019.
  • Margry, Peter Jan (2023). "Conflict or Harmony? Religion and Politics: A Pas de Deux". In Köllner, Tobias; Testa, Alessandro (eds.).Politics of Religion: Authority, Creativity, Conflicts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780198718383.
  • Maunder, Chris (2016).Our Lady of the Nations: Apparitions of Mary in 20th-Century Catholic Europe. Münster: LIT Verlag Münster.ISBN 9783643912763.

External links

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